اسماء شتواني, زينب جريني, سهام حريتي, نسرين رمال

كلية العلوم والعلوم التطبيقية-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

La production des médicaments en Algérie a connu un élan appréciable grâce à la législationmise à cet effet ainsi que le potentiel humain formé par nos universités. Le développement d’unnouveau médicament est un processus long de 10 à 15 ans d'études nécessaires avant sa mise sur lemarché, et tout cela implique des dépenses annuelles importantes dans la « Recherche etDéveloppement ». Dans ce contexte hautement concurrentiel, le médicament doit être conforme à laqualité définie par son dossier technique, qui est lui même régi par les différentes pharmacopées.Dans ce mémoire, nous avons étudié la méthode de fabrication de Maxilase sous forme sirop àpartir des matières primaires jusqu'a produit fini. Pour ce et afin d’identifier le principe actif, nousavons utilisé la méthode spectroscopique (UV-Visible) ainsi que la chromatographie à hauteperformance (HPLC) pour les excipients. Des tests physico chimiques et microbiologiques etpharmaco techniques ont été réalisés sur les substances afin de s’assurer de leurs conformités parrapport aux normes requises par le fabriquant.

Subhi A. Al-Jibori, Ayad H. Jassim , Salah Mohammed Faza’a

كلية العلوم-جامعة النهرين · العراق

Derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring show biological activities against different species of microbes, therefore mono- and poly-nuclear complexes of dithiocarbamate derivatives of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT), have been prepared in an attempt to show the effect of introducing two centers in the structure of the ligand (NaMTD), as well as to investigate the coordination behavior of the ligand toward both transition metals and to compare the biological activity of the complexes with that of the ligand.Dithiocarbamate derivatives of AMT (NaMTD), were prepared by condensation of CS 2 and AMT, which was itself prepared starting from thiosemicarbazide, in alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution, the product was isolated and characterized by FT-IR and U.V.-visible spectroscopy. The Pd(II) complex of  NaMTD  have been prepared using Na 2 PdCl 4 in acetone, the product (Pd-MTD) was isolated and used as precursor to prepare a series of heteropolynuclear complexes with  V 4+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ metal ions in DMF. Different fine crystalline, colored and stable complexes were isolated and studied using FT-IR and U.V.-visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements, the metal content was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy technique.The complexes exhibit the general formula  [(Pd-MTD) 2 ML 2 ] n     where  M = Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ and  L = H 2 O,  n = 0 M = Cu 2+   and  L =DMF,  n = 0 While the vanadyl ion show complexes of a formula (Pd-MTD) 4 VO] 2- and that  of  Fe(II)   was  [(Pd-MTD) 4 Fe] 2- .2(H 2 O).While Co 2+ and Cd 2+ have the formula [(Pd-MTD) 2 M] .2L, L = DMF for Co 2+ and  H 2 O for Cd 2+ . A number of structural phenomena have been revealed during the study. The results helped to illustrate the bonding natures between metal ions and the different donor atoms of the ligand. NaMTD was found to coordinate with Pd(II) ion through sulfur of the dithiocarbamate group and the nitrogen of the ring. The thioamide group, on the other side, was left to coordinate to the several metal ions either through sulfur atom only (in case of VO 2+ and Fe 2+ ), or chelating through nitrogen and sulfur (in case of (Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ ,Mn 2+ , Co 2+ ,  Cd 2+ ) ions.The structural formula were either octahedral for (Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ ) ions, square pyramidal (in case of  VO 2+ ion), and tetrahedral for Cd 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+  ions. The antibacterial activity of the NaMTD and it ' s mono- and poly-nuclear complexes were screened against gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.

آمال غالب راشد, ايمان جاسم محمد

كلية الادارة والاقتصاد-جامعة بابل · العراق

إن الهدف من الدراسة الحالية هو معرفة مدى تأثير الملكية النفسية في الالتزام التنظيمي، وذلك من خلال أبعاد الملكية النفسية المتمثلة بـ (الكفاءة الذاتية – الانتماء – المسؤولية) والالتزام التنظيمي بأبعاده (العاطفي، المستمر، المعياري) لدى العاملين في شركة الاتحاد للصناعات الغذائية المحدودة / صناعة السكر والزيت في محافظة بابل. حيث تتمثل مشكلة الدراسة التي توصل إليها الباحث من خلال معايشته الشخصية لمجتمع الدراسة كأحد أفرادها، والتي تتمثل بتأثير الملكية النفسية على التزام العاملين في الشركة قيد الدراسة. ومن خلال ذلك، كان لا بد من دراسة الأسباب والعوامل التي تقلل من هذا الخلل الإداري. تم جمع البيانات من خلال استعمال الاستبانة المؤلفة من (42) سؤالاً، والتي وزعت على عينة قصدية بلغ قوامها (302) موظفاً من موظفي الشركة، وتم استرجاع (283) استبانة صالحة للاستعمال من مجموع الاستبانات التي وزعت، و(19) استبانة غير صالحة أهملت. تم جمع البيانات عن طريق الاستبانة والزيارة الميدانية، ومن أجل هذا الغرض تم تصميم هذه الاستمارة وفق مقياس (Likert) الخماسي للوصول إلى النتائج المتعلقة بالموضوع محل الدراسة. وقد تم الاعتماد على البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS.23) وبرنامج (AMOS.23). وجاءت النتائج مطابقة لفرضية البحث، وتوصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، من أهمها وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير بين الملكية النفسية وأبعاد الالتزام التنظيمي (العاطفي والمستمر والمعياري). وتبين من خلال اختبار فرضية البحث الرئيسية وجود علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية بين الملكية النفسية والالتزام التنظيمي.

Aya Hadad, Djelloul Refif, Linda Bekkal, Zina Dahmani

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

Assala Cheddad, Ouehchia Hamouche

المدرسة العليا للتجارة - الجزائر · الجزائر

Alors que l’actuel modèle économique mondial voit arriver, plus vite que prévu, ses limites, le Développement Durable (DD) apparait comme une alternative inespérée en proposant un nouveau modèle de développement viable, vivable et équitable. Dès lors, on assiste à une prise de conscience lente mais progressive des enjeux de DD de la part des acteurs socio-économiques, si bien que de plus en plus d’entre eux se mettent à revoir leur mode de consommation et/ou de production, en intégrant des préoccupations sociales et environnementales dans leur comportement. Certaines entreprises se sont alors engagées, en dehors de toute contrainte légale, dans des démarches volontaires de responsabilité sociale et environnementale. A travers une revue de littérature suivie d’une étude pratique au sein d’une entreprise algérienne disposant d’un Système de Management Environnemental (SME) certifié ISO 14001, ce travail vise à savoir si une performance environnementale est possible grâce à l’implantation d’un système de management environnement qui suit les exigences et les procédures. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’une bonne mise en place, fonctionnement et suivi d’un SME mène à une performance environnementale.

حملاوي مسقم, رابح قدوري

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

هدف هذا البحث إلى محاولة بناء رائز تحصيل في الرياضيات لتلاميذ السنة الثانية ابتدائي، وفق منظور الجيل الثاني للمناهج.واعتمد الطالب على المنهج الوصفي في محاولته، لأنه يراه في تقديره هو المنهج الأنسب لتحقيق هدف البحث.وقد تكوّن رائز التحصيل في صورته الأولى من 32 بندا، وبعد التجريب الأول أُضيف له 06 بنود أخرى لتغطية النقص الملاحظ. وقد تمّ تعديله قبل التجريب الثاني ليصبح مكونا في صورته النهائية من 36 بندا موزعة على 03 مقاطع تعلمية تضم أربعة ميادين هي: ميدان الأعداد والحساب، وميدان المقادير والقياس، وميدان الفضاء والهندسة، وأخيرا ميدان تنظيم معطيات.أما فيما يخص المعالجة الإحصائية فقد تم حساب معاملات السهولة وكذا معاملات التمييز للبنود وهذا قصد ترتيبها، وكذا قصد استبعاد البنود التي ليس لها معامل تمييز مقبول.وكانت الخصائص السيكومترية للرائز من ثبات وصدق عالية ومقبولة حيث تمتع الرائز ذاته بدلالات ثبات مناسبة وعالية بطريقة التجزئة النصفية باستخدام معادلة سيبرمان- براون (Spearman – Brown)، حيث كان معامل الثبات 0.82 وهي قيمة جيدة. أما الصدق فكانت قيمته: 0.67 وهي قيمة مقبولة، حُسبت بطريقة الصدق المحكي . أما فيما يخص التجريب النهائي الذي تم إجراؤه في عدة مدارس لبلدية المسيلة على عينة حجمها 200 تلميذا من تلاميذ السنة الثانية ابتدائي والذي يهدف بالأساس لحساب المعايير، و تبويبها الى 5 فئات بعد اشتقاق واستخراج الدرجات المعيارية والمعايير التائية. و قد كان المتوسط الحسابي لرائز التحصيل 29.63 أما الانحراف المعياري 4.34 وخطأ قياس مقداره 0.30 .

خليل عطا محمد سرداح, سمير مصطفي أبو مدالله , فاروق موسي داوس

كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية-جامعة الازهر - غزة · فلسطين

ازل علاء عباس الربيعي, الهام عباس بنيان , لميس عبد الرزاق عبد اللطيف

كلية الطب-جامعة بابل · العراق

In this study, one hundred fifty samples were collected from patients with preterm labor (PTL), who had been attending Babylon Maternity and Pediatric Hospital and Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital, during the period from February to October 2016. Two swabs were collected: one for culturing and the other for direct extraction for isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis. Out of the 150 samples, only 6 (4%) were positive by culture and 30 (20%) were positive at the molecular level, isolated from cases of preterm labor caused by bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infection, and women with recurrent abortions. Laboratory diagnosis and biochemical tests confirmed that only 6 isolates belonged to G. vaginalis, which were further confirmed by the Vitek 2 system and molecular detection using specific primers. Preterm birth is one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and it is associated with subsequent preterm labor in up to 40% of cases, as shown in our results. The isolates varied in their ability to produce siderophores and extracellular protease, in addition to their hemolytic activity. Adherence activity was investigated and indicated that G. vaginalis has pili on its surface, which help it attach and initiate infection. Metronidazole was effective in preventing adherence at a low concentration (5%), achieving 100% inhibition. All isolates were able to produce biofilm at different levels, which represents a key step in pathogenesis as it allows the bacteria to evade and stimulate the immune response and resist antibiotics. Alum, sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate were shown to be highly effective in eradicating G. vaginalis biofilm (0% survival), whereas thymol extract (carvacrol) was moderately effective, giving a 50% reduction in biofilm. Results also revealed that an increased pH provides an opportunity for the overgrowth of G. vaginalis. The results indicated that lactic acid acts as a limiting factor preventing the growth of G. vaginalis. When grown with lactic acid, measured by optical density (OD), the highest production level was 1.901 at 2% concentration, whereas the lowest level was 0.32 at 10% concentration. The isolates also had the ability to produce a wide spectrum of bacteriocins, which inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found in the vaginal environment. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the most inhibited bacterium. Extracted vaginolysin exhibited complete hemolytic activity at different temperatures (37–38–40–42°C), and its activity increased with higher temperatures. Recent studies clarified that purified vaginolysin is active in the presence of cholesterol in the medium, giving a growth rate of 1.205 measured by optical density at 100% concentration. Vaginolysin is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) toxin. Antimicrobial activity of the extracted vaginolysin was evaluated based on the inhibition zone, showing that Candida species were the most affected among tested microorganisms (1.3 mm inhibition). Some virulence factors were detected at the molecular level (Vly, SI, LuxS, LexA, recA, Pl, Fur, Omp, Gal, protease), which varied in production. This may be due to the absence of the gene in some bacteria, silent genes, or low bacterial quantity in the samples. Three antibiotics were examined at the molecular level (TetB), with varying resistance and sensitivity: 10 samples were resistant, RdxA was sensitive in all samples (100%), whereas the Erna gene was resistant in all samples (100%). Results showed no sequence homology between Mycoplasma spp. and G. vaginalis at the adhesion level, which was detected using P30/P32 specific primers. The outcome of RFLP–PCR confirmed that G. vaginalis is virulent and plays a role in preterm labor by degrading membranes, associated with variable sialidase and β-galactosidase presence. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels have a direct role in pregnancy, playing an important role in defense against vaginal infection. MBL is essential for successful pregnancy regarding maternal defense against infection. Recent studies indicate that MBL deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study is considered the first study on MBL in Iraq. DNA sequencing was performed for two main virulence factors: the phospholipase gene and quorum-sensing gene, which showed some variations and were recorded in NCBI Gene Sequencing as the first description in Iraq.

Herman Perzanowski, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Ghamdi

كلية العلوم-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Tetraalkyllead products are available in Saudi Arabia from 3 different vendors; Ethyl (US), Octel (UK), and Novoktan (FRG). Saudi Arabia purchases $100,000,000 of this lead octane blending chemical per year, with only basic quality control methods in force. We have succeeded in developing the lead-207 NMR technique to observe lead impurities in TEL, and have developed the technique to measure tetraethylead and tetramethyllead in gasoline at levels down to 50 ppm, with a precision of 2% relative error. Lead-207 has also been shown to be a powerful tool to study the rate, degree, and composition in the formation of equilibrium mixtures of tetraalkyllead blending components. This technique can also be applied to the measurement of alkyllead species in biological fluids, environmental samples, and process development and improvement studies.

Aicha Sekrane, Leila Benstaali

كلية اللغات الأجنبية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Gender is an important part in the educational phase where teachers are unconsciously produce gender biases in their classrooms. Many studies (Sunderland, 1992; Sadker 1994, and Scantlebury, 2009)suggested that teachers provide different treatment in terms of teachers students interaction, giving feedback, praise and acknowledgment and reproving with punishment. Sociologist and educators have backed up with data, which revealed that male and female students receive separate and unequal education; this is due to the gender socialization process through the formal and the hidden curriculum.Commonly, boys receive most of teachers’ attention whereas girls fall into a marginalized position. This study is set out to investigate the gender bias in the EFL middle school classrooms; does gender bias exist in EFL classroom? To what extent can it affect learner’s language learning in EFL classroom? Additionally,whether teachers perpetuate gender differences between male and female students. In order to achieve the goal of this research framework, the current study is conducted with EFL middle school classroom through EFL teachers’ questionnaire and EFL classroom observation with three levels in Mascara and Mostaganem. The result of this study shows that gender bias exists in the EFL classrooms; however, this treatment depends partly on pupils’ behavior, level, discipline and intelligence in which gender is downplayed, and partly, on their gender in which stereotype believes are reinforced by their teachers. As a result, EFL teachers do not have a gender bias outlook; that is to say, there is a lack of knowledge about the education of gender within school curriculum. The issue of gender bias is continue to push their way in the EFL classrooms where choosing the subject is more related to students’ gender, thus, further research needs to be completed.