بن ختو فريد , خــولة تــــلي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

:LE But de l’étude est de minimiser les couts de gestion des stocks en appliquant des modèles quantitatifs comme systèmes scientifiques organisés. Les entreprises pétrolières comme tontes autres établissements économiques s’efforcent à optimiser les couts de gestion des stocks ce qui garantit la minimisation des couts au moins possible , pour réaliser ce but l’étude a été réalisée an sein de NAFTAL (Entreprise National de Commercialisation des produits pétroliers) par le moyen du modèle fixe en demande aléatoire avec possibilité de rupture . Cela été fait an moyen de l’étude des variables fondamentaux des modèles de gestion des stocks constituées de la demande ,et des couts des carburants ( essence normale, gasoil ) parmi sa gamme de produits pétroliers. Parmi les conclusions essentielles de l’étude : la détermination de stock optimal nécessaire qui doit être maintenu et qui sert à minimiser le cout de stockage au minimum possible. la réduction des couts sont de l’ordre de 10,5% par rapport à l’essence normale et de 20,17% par rapport an gasoil.

عارف حاتم هادي الجبوري, نسرين حمزة عباس كرسوع السلطاني

كلية التربية الاساسية-جامعة بابل · العراق

یتعاظم الاھتمام بالعملیة اتعلیمیة ، باعتبارھا من للمھام للصعبة للتي تقع على كاھل كل من المدر والمطاكب ، وذك من حیث معزنة طبیعة حذودھا وكییتھا ، فكل طاكب لمھ كیانھ الخاص بھ ، اكي یؤدي للى تفز:ه في امتلاك بناء معرثي خاص بھ واسلوب في للتعلم ، كما یعتمذ ذك على للقرت للمعزغیة وماتنطري عیھ البنى المعزنیة لملمتعلم فالعملیة للتعییة استأثزت اھتمام التزوبین باعتبارھا الاساس في تحصین الطلبة وتیقظھم العقلي اكي یجعلھم واعین بشكل كامل لمبنئتھم التعلیمیة ومایذوز حولھم . تري ھخھ للدرسة الى بناء إستزاتیجبة تفاعلیة مقتزحةعلى وفق نظزة بیذاغوجیا الفارتیة ، ومن ثم لكثب من فاعلیة الإستزاتیجیة اكفاعلیة المقتزحة في التحصیل ولیقظة العقیة لمى طلیة كلیة التزیة الأساسیة في مادة المناھج والكتب المذرسیة، بتطیق الإستزتیجنة اكفاعلیة المقتزحة على طلبة المزحلة الزنعة/ قسم اللغة العزبیة/ كلیة اتزیة الاساسیة/ جامعة بابل، ولتحتق مري البحث اتبع الباحثة اجزءلت البحث الموصفي ولممنھج التجزبي ، واعتمذت التصمیم التجزیي ذي الضبط الجزي لملمجموعتین للتجزیبیة وللمضابطة ذات الاختبار لتحصیلي لنھائي، وقد اختاري الباحثة جامعة باب كلیة التزیة الأساسیة بطزتة قصدیة كونھا تعمل كتدرسیة ضمن المؤسسة الاكایمیة مما یسھل علیھا المھمة البحثیة ، وبطزتة للسحب للعشوائي اختارح قسم لللغة للعریة لملعام لكرسي ) (٢٠١٩-٢٠٢٠للي تم تطبنق للتجزة فیھ مع استبعاد للقسم المنتسبة لمھ مسق( التزیة للخاصة) لمضمان للحفاظ على سلامة للتجرة ، وق بلغ عد عینة البحث ) (١٠٠طالبأ وطالبة بواقع ) (٥٠طالبأ وطالبة لكل من المجموعة التجریبیة ولمجموعة الضابطة ، وكافأت الباحثة بین مجموعتي اجحث في عدد من المتغیزح ھي زمعلا( الزني، اختبار لخكاء ، اختبار للسلوك المذخلي ، الخلفیة العلعیة والممستوى للمعاشي والاقتصادي لملطلبة) ثم حاوت للباحثة ضبط عدد من المتغیزت للاخلیة لكي قذ تؤثز في للمتغیز للتابع، وصاغت الباحثة عددأ من الأھداف السلوكیة في ضوء الأھداف العامة للمادة على وفق تصنیف )مولب( لملمجال المعزثي وبمستویاتھ الستة ( المعزثة ، الفھم ، اكطبیق ، اتحلیل ، اكزكیب ، التقوبم ) ، وقد بلغ عذدھا ) (٢٠١ھدفأ سلوكیأ ، وأعدت خططأ تدریسیة للموضوعات المقزر تدرسھا في مادة للمناھج ولمكتب لكرسیة تفاعلیة ضمن بزنامج مؤلف كتبي لملمجمرعة للتجزبیة و للمجموعة الضابطة وتماشیأ مع ھدفي البحث ، أعدت الباحثة اداین الأولى تضمنت اختباراً تحصیلیاً بعدیاً لقیاس فاعلیة الإستراتیجیة للتفاعلیة المقترحة على وفق نظریة بیداغوجبا الفارتیة والمكون من ) (٣٤فقر للاختبارت الموضوعیة و( )٤أسئلة للاختبارت المقالیة ، والثانیة

شذا مصطفى عبد القادر عبد اللطيف , عادل موسى يونس

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

Estimation and forecasting for indicators of mortality are of great importance for the decision-making, it is considered to be the main economic and social planning factor which contributes to the development of policies and Strategies in the long term. The problem of this study is that, there is no studies on mortality and life expectation at birth (e0) as an indicator of mortality levels, the studies on life expectation at birth (e0) are scarce in Sudan due to the problem of incomplete vital records of mortality beside, the high rates of illiteracy along together with some other reasons have contributed to the problem of the incompletion of the records .The importance of this study is that, there is no study on estimating and forecasting life expectation at birth (e0) using demographic and statistical models in Sudan because such study needs accurate data therefore, this study will be of great benefit in the areas of statistics and its applications. The study aimed to apply statistical and demographic models used in the field of mortality and adapted to be use in Sudan for estimating and forecasting life expectancy at birth (e0), also the attempt to correct defective data in mortality to study the phenomenon understudy in Sudan using demographic and statistical models(and compare between them). The use of population censuses through indirect estimation techniques, to determine levels, trends and patterns of mortality in Sudan .The hypotheses of the study are: It is mathematically plausible to derive an adjusted model life table to estimate the mortality in Sudan. The time series of life expectation at birth (e0) in Sudan for period (1973 – 2008) is stationary. There is no significant difference between statistical and demographic models to forecast the phenomenon understudy. The research methodology comprises of descriptive and inferential statistical methods also used demographic techniques. The data were obtained from Sudan Population Censuses (1973 -1983- 1993- 2008)., using programs (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Excel, Eviews and Spectrum) in order to reach results. The study found that, the levels of mortality in Sudan are high compared to developed countries. Life expectation at birth (eo) increased by about 14 years for both sexes, 13 years for males and 12 years for females during the period (1973-2008). When we look to the pattern of deaths in Sudan at that time, we found that, the central death rate (nMx) by age groups took the form of the Latin letter (U). The study also used demographic models and (Box - Jenkes time series -ARIMA) as statistical model to forecast the life expectation at birth (eo) during the period (2009-2020) for each of the (both sexes - males - females). The study found that, the time series is not stationary for both sexes and males, but the series is stationary for females, in order to make time series stationary for both sexes by taking the second difference of the series, the best model to forecast (both sexes) is ARIMA (0,2,1), as for males it stabilized the series after taking the first difference and best model to (males) is ARIMA (1,1,0). For females the best forecasting model is ARMA (1, 0), .The study made comparison between demographic and statistical models, which is better in forecasting the life expectation at birth (eo) for each of the (both sexes- males - females), as one of the objectives of the study. The study concluded that, the Statistical model is better than demographic model when data are homogeneous, used in several statistical criteria’s to compare between statistical and demographic models. This study affirmed the importance of demographic indicators reached. It is necessary to develop demographic package programs such as (MORTPAK Package and CHADMOR Package) in order to apply the modern demographic models in a country like Sudan suffering from deficient and incomplete data problems. The necessity to increase the volume of data and remove all the discrepancies of time series data before the application in order to raise the efficiency of each of the models Box –Jankins and other demographic models in life expectation at birth (e0) analysis. Separate data studies should be performed when the data are homogeneous and another study when the data are heterogeneous focuses on the comparison of statistical and demographic models to forecast life at birth (e0) using other models not used in this study.

Jens Ejbye Schmidt, Muhammad Tahir Ashraf

جامعة خليفة · الامارات

Envisioning a biorefinery in an arid region, like the UAE, starts with the challenge of a sustainable supply of biomass feedstock. Biorefinery based on multi-feedstock lignocellulosic residues can be viable where the sustainable supply of a single substrate is limited. Lignocellulosic residues can be obtained from trees, grasses, and agricultural crops and are non-food biomass, categorized as second generation feedstocks. For the prospects of a biorefinery in the UAE, this study has focused on utilizing UAE's local lignocellulosic residues. Lignocellulosic residues selected here are date palm fronds, trimmings of Bermuda grass, and trimmings of Jasmine hedges. Different lignocellulosic residues vary in composition and anatomical features and there is a lack of knowledge about the technical and economic feasibility of processing the multi-specie lignocellulosic residues in a biorefinery concept. First part of this study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by experimental validation of the multi-specie lignocellulose processing in the framework of biochemical pathway biorefinery. Then, an economic evaluation is made to highlight the best processing approach for the multi-feedstock lignocellulose to produce monomeric sugars (C6+C5). Sugar monomers are intermediate chemicals and precursor to a range of products via chemical and biochemical processing. Targeting an intermediate product splits the biorefinery process into modules. This modular approach of focusing on sugar platform makes the results of this study applicable for the both fuel (ethanol) and non-fuel applications. Bioprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstock to produce marketable products constitutes a series of processing steps. There are several technological options available for each of the processing steps. Finding the best series of technologies and marketable product is a process network synthesis (PNS) problem. Due to processing complexity and geologically disperse feedstock availability and product market, it might be feasible to distribute the biorefining process into different sections operated by independent companies or actors. A conventional biorefinery process, analogues to an oil refinery, decomposes feedstock to intermediate platform chemicals, and then these chemicals are upgraded to marketable products. A biorefinery can be naturally decomposed on the basis of intermediate platform chemicals, where independent companies produce the intermediate platform chemicals and separate companies utilize the intermediates to produce marketable products. In such a scenario most of the intermediate chemicals will be a new entrant to the market, and establishing their market price is imperative for a feasible synthesis of the overall biorefinery. The conventional PNS solution approaches do not take into account this feature that each technology or processing step is operated as a separate company. However, for the described distributed manufacturing scenario a framework is needed that takes into account the competing economics of the interacting actors and assigns the feasible price to the new entrant intermediate chemicals. In the second part of this study, a game theory based framework is developed to solve this PNS problem and to evaluate the price of intermediate products, where the biorefinery process is carried out by independent multiple companies with competing economics.

Maysaa Rifat Fathi Shaikh Ibrahim, رضوان قصراوي

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة القدس · فلسطين

Background: In the health sector, human resources are a of the system, with dietitians forming an of the healthcare workforce in Palestine, classified under allied medical professions. Given the critical role that job satisfaction plays within human resources, this study employs it as a key metric to evaluate the professional landscape for dietitians.Objective: This research aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction among dietitians working in hospitals throughout the Palestinian West Bank.Methods:Employing a cross-sectional design, the study utilized a self-administered questionnaire distributed in October 2023 to all 35 dietitians practicing in the region. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability. It included sections addressing employment status and job satisfaction, the latter measured via a five-point scale.Results: Despite the presence of 51 hospitals in the West Bank(excluding Jerusalem), only 35 dietitians were employed. A majority 63.6% reported satisfaction with their roles. The highest satisfaction levels were observed in "Communication with medical staff and patients."Other dimensions such as "Area of Practice," "Adjustments in Staffing and Patient Numbers" "Work Environment (Infrastructure)," and "Policies and Protocols " also demonstrated high satisfaction. "Performance Development" and "Incentive Systems," however, received moderate and neutral levels of satisfaction, with the "Incentive System" experiencing the lowest satisfaction rates.An important result was the average dietitians to patient ratio was 1:19. Conclusion: The findings indicate a generally positive perception of job satisfaction among dietitians in the West Bank, particularly in communication and operational aspects of their roles. , areas related to performance incentives and development require attention to enhance overall job satisfaction. These results highlighted the need for targeted interventions to improve employment conditions and retention strategies within hospital settee

Mustapha Bettayeb, Habiba Fernane , Samir Bezzine

معهد علوم البيطرة-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

Le lait constitue donc un aliment de grande valeur nutritive, il est issu de la traite des vaches, sa récolte peut se faire par des techniques manuelles ancestrales ou mécanisées voir automatisées. Cependant il peut devenir un réservoir très dangereux de germes pathogènes lorsqu’il est manipulé dans de mauvaises conditions ou lorsqu’il provient de vaches malades, atteintes de mammites par exemple.

سلطان بن لافي بن راضي الأحمدي, علي بن حسين حورية

كلية التربية-جامعة طيبة · السعودية

بلال بوعرورة, الهاشمي جبارني, بشير بن يحيى

كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

Denise Chawki Maalouf, Mohammed Harajli

كلية مارون سمعان للهندسة والعمارة-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

This study summarizes experimental results of the punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete slab-column connections containing fiber reinforcement. Fiber reinforcement is particularly attractive and beneficial for concrete, especially where shear str

Kahtan H Alzubaidy, Sumaia Mohammed Almogawab

كلية العلوم-جامعة بنغازي (قاريونس سابقا) · ليبيا