حيدر جمال تيل الجوعاني, هادي نعيم المالكي

كلية القانون-جامعة بغداد · العراق

Zehira épse Hamid Haddadi, Hacène Meghezzi

كلية الكيمياء-جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا هواري بومدين - الجزائر · الجزائر

محمد بن سعيد, ميلود عمار

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Ali Tebbani, Bruno Gelas, Nedjma Benachour

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1 · الجزائر

This doctoral thesis entitled The projection of Oneself in the Fictional Universe of Albert CamusFocuses on the Quest for the Aspects of Self-writing or on Oneself Inherent in Camusian texts: TheStranger, the Plague, the Fall and the First Man. They correspond to the three cycles of his whole work(absurdity, revolt and love), elected on the one hand for their concordance with the author's life andpersonality, and on the other hand for their relation to the socio-historical context of their time.These texts, insofar as they each have their own status, are used at different levels of receptacle to thepersonal implications and projections of the writer on his work.The romanesque writings of Camus that we have chosen relate to fictionalization and projection of selfoperated under the mask of the anonymity anthroponymic that favors the texts of fiction. The projectionof self is there present.Did not Jacques Cormery, Rieux, Meursault and Jean Batiste Clamence play the game of arepresentation in keeping with the different facets of Camus himself, his positions and his personality?The elected Camusian writing processes are at the extreme limit and under intense tension, betweenfiction and autobiography, in order to resemble this ""genre"", which today is called ""autofiction "".

حفنـــــــاوي مدلــــــــــــل, عبد العظيم بن الصغير

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

A été rédigée la Charte des Nations Unies , depuis plus de soixante ans , au cours de laquelle pas introduire de modifications substantielles aux textes , en dépit des changements spectaculaires qui se sont produits dans un contexte de relations internationales pratiquées travail des Nations Unies dans le cadre , et leurs choses musulmans , dans les domaines des études texte social , humanitaire , et tout doit être examiné périodiquement pour éliminer tout conflit ou d'incompatibilité entre les dispositions et les exigences de la réalité .Lorsque les auteurs de la Charte peuvent être savoir exactement ce problème, et il n'est donc pas surprenant de savoir l'article 109 doivent examiner périodiquement , de sorte que le besoin est devenu urgent d' un examen approfondi des dispositions de la Charte et les structures et les structures organisationnelles de la liste après cette longue période de temps , qui passaient sans examen Journal de la Charte , qui a affecté négativement sur les relations internationales en vigueur et de l'impact sur la paix et la sécurité internationales .Cette approche renouvelée de la communauté internationale dans la philosophie de maintien de la paix et la sécurité internationales , ce qui a été appelé à l'époque, la diplomatie préventive , ce sont la diplomatie préventive et de son rôle dans le maintien de la paix et la sécurité internationales ? . Sais que c'est ce que nous avons essayé à travers l'étude suivant . تمت صياغة ميثاق الأمم المتحدة ، منذ أكثر من ستين عاما ، لم يتم خلالها إدخال أي تعديلات جوهرية على نصوصه ، على الرغم من التغيرات الهائلة التي طرأت على بيئة العلاقات الدولية التي تمارس الأمم المتحدة عملها في إطارها ، ومن الأمور المسلمة بها ، في مجالات الدراسات الاجتماعية والإنسانية ، وان أي نص يحتاج إلى مراجعة دورية لإزالة أي تعارض أو عدم اتساق بين أحكامه وبين مقتضيات الواقع.حيث كان واضعي الميثاق قد انتبهوا تماما إلى هذه المسالة ولذلك لم يكن من المستغرب أن تعرف المادة 109 بضرورة مراجعته دوريا ، لذلك فان الحاجة باتت ماسة إلى مراجعة شاملة إلى نصوص الميثاق وللهياكل والبني التنظيمية القائمة بعد هذه الفترة الزمنية الطويلة ، التي انقضت دون إجراء أي مراجعة دورية للميثاق مما اثر سلبا على العلاقات الدولية السائدة وعلى أثرها على السلم والأمن الدوليين .هذا التوجه المتجدد للمجتمع الدولي في فلسفة الحفاظ على السلم والأمن الدوليين ، هو ما اصطلح عليه في حينه بالدبلوماسية الوقائية ، فما هي الدبلوماسية الوقائية وما دورها في الحفاظ على السلم والأمن الدوليين ؟ .هذا ما حاولنا معرفته من خلال هته الدراسة

Boudiaf Mokhefi, Mohamed Abdou, C. Akloul , H.Guenoune

معهد العمارة والعمران-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Manar Boumahdjour, Samira Arrouf

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

Grammar is considered as a crucial component of the process of learning the language. English as a foreign language learners face many difficulties in acquiring this linguistic aspect. These grammatical difficulties lead students to make many errors, especially when they speak in the classroom. The current study sought to investigate teachers' viewpoints towards the effectiveness of using explicit oral corrective feedback (EOCF) to boost EFL learners' grammatical accuracy. A total of 54 middle school teachers of Oum El Bouaghi district provided the relevant data. A descriptive method was conducted using a questionnaire as the main instrumentation to answer our research question: What are teachers' attitudes towards the impact of explicit oral corrective feedback on enhancing EFL students' grammatical accuracy? The results gained point out teachers' desire to correct oral grammatical errors. Although, the majority of them prefer to use implicit oral corrective feedback in doing so, almost all of the subjects believe that explicit oral corrective feedback has a positive effect in enhancing EFL students' grammatical accuracy

بلوم محمد, كوثر إبراهيمي

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

جان العلية, حسن فواز عمرو

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية والإدارية-الجامعة اللبنانية · لبنان

Adnan M. Aish, Hisham Naif Wafi, Hossam A. Zaqoot

معهد المياه والبيئة‎-جامعة الازهر - غزة-جامعة الازهر - غزة · فلسطين

The present study investigated the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd in seawater and the marine sediments of Gaza fishing harbour and surrounding area. The same metals were measured in the muscles of fish species (Grey mullet) that were collected from the study area. The study also identified the major physical and chemical properties of the seawater. Eight sampling stations were selected to conduct the study in Gaza Fishing harbour along Gaza coast. The samples were taken from the study stations at once every two months from September of 2013 until March 2014. The samples were taken in September, November 2013 and March 2014. All samples were analyzed in the Ministry of health (MoH) laboratories-Gaza. All metals were determined and analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd) were 0.067 mg/l, 0.063 mg/l, 0.028 mg/l, 0.199 mg/l, 0.071 mg/l, 0.159 mg/l and 0.074 mg/l respectively in filtered seawater. Whereas, the mean concentrations of (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd) in marine sediments were 42.42mg/kg, 18.08mg/kg, 26.55mg/kg, 8.04mg/kg, 4.2mg/kg, 7.27mg/kg and 1.17mg/kg respectively. Mean concentrations of these metals in marine sediments showed significant variations and they were significantly higher than their levels in the seawater. In fish muscles tissues (Grey mullet) the mean concentrations of (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd) were 0.90µg/g, 13.15µg/g, 25.87µg/g, 1.10µg/g, 0.68µg/g, 1.82µg/g and 0.27µg/g respectively. The results of this study showed that the metal concentrations in tissues of fish muscles were higher than seawater and lower than marine sediments. The highest concentrations of metals in the muscles of the studied fish species were detected for zinc (13.56-40.43 µg/g) and the lowest were for cobalt (nd-2.93 µg/g) and cadmium (0.02-0.51 µg/g). The heavy metal concentrations in most fishes were found to be below the limits proposed for fish by various international standards and guidelines such as EU (2001), WHO (1989) and Turkish guidelines. Physical and chemical properties of seawater recorded several values ranged between 17.4-28 ?C, 7.57-8.15, 55.8-60.6 µs/cm, 1.52-13 NTU and 2.94-7.2 mg/l for water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen respectively in the study area.Results showed that there are differences in heavy metals concentrations between the different eight sites, these differences in most of heavy metal concentrations were not statistically significant among most of the locations. Several concentration values of Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd in the seawater and marine sediments samples were found to be higher than the limit values as compared with EPA, WHO, Australian, Turkish and Israeli guidelines and standards for heavy metals level. The heavy metals determined in the muscles of the studied fish species were lower than the maximum levels and guidelines values described in the literature.Gaza fishing harbour is one of the most polluted areas due to the adverse effect of effluents from land-based sources. Domestic untreated wastewater discharges and fishing activities in the harbour area may possibly are the major source of the observed higher levels of heavy metals contamination. However, the Gaza coastal management strategy was proposed to protect the coastal environment and marine waters from further deterioration. Further research studies and periodical monitoring of heavy metals level in seawater, sediment and fish tissues along Gaza strip coastal water and environment are recommended.