زهير بوزيان, نجلاء نوبلي
كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر
عادل الحاج احمد, ميسون علي
كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان
The objectives of this research is to prepare, characterize Ni, Co, Fe – ferrite catalyst and to study the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst for the Friedel-crafts benzylation reaction of toluene with benzyl chloride. Three transition metals ferrites Ni, Co, Fe –ferrite were prepared and were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the catalytic activity of the synthesized transition metals ferrites heterogeneous catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts benzylation reaction of toluene with benzyl chloride were studied. The activity results showed that the highest conversion of benzyl chloride is 99.94% at 80 oC and 20 min reaction time, while the selectivity of bara –benzyltoluene was 83.36% and ortho- benzyltoluene 16.6% in the same temperature and reaction time. However for the type and weight of catalyst, nickel ferrite in 0.1g weight was found to be the best one for high conversion of benzylchloride and high selectivity at the same temperature and reaction time. The molar ratio 5:1 the highest conversion yield of benzylchloride of 99.01% and highest selectivity of 67.22 %at 100 oC in 10 min reaction time and 0.1g weight of catalyst.
Ouahiba Benouared, M. Mamou, N. Ait Messaoudene
كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر
Ce travail porte sur une étude numérique de la convection naturelle des fluides non-Newtoniens dans la configuration de Rayleigh-Bénard (RB). Le modèle de Carreau-Yasuda (CY) a été retenu pour modéliser le comportement rhéologique du fluide non-Newtonien. L’écoulement convectif considéré est confiné dans une cavité de rapport de forme fini/infini, laquelle est soumise à un gradient de température vertical. Le chauffage et le refroidissement de ses parois inférieures et supérieures (parois actives) a été effectué soit en appliquant un flux de chaleur constant (condition type Neumann) soit en imposant des températures constantes (condition type Dirichlet). Les équations de transport, relatives à cet écoulement, ont été résolues numériquement en utilisant la méthode des différences finies.Les résultats numériques ont été validés dans le cas d’une cavité carrée pour des valeurs modérées du nombre de Rayleigh.Dans le cas d’une cavité de grand rapport de forme exposée à un flux de chaleur constant, une solution asymptotique a été dérivée, en se basant sur l’approximation de l’écoulement parallèle, dans le but de la comparer à celle trouvée dans la solution numérique. Cette comparaison a révélé une bonne concordance entre les deux solutions. Dans le cas d’une cavité de grand rapport de forme avec des parois verticales soumises soit à un flux chaleur constant ou à des températures constantes, les effets des paramètres de contrôle, à savoir les nombres de Rayleigh et de Prandtl et les paramètres rhéologiques du fluide sur l'apparition de la convection sous-critique ont été étudiés. Les résultats numériques ont montré que le seuil du déclenchement de la convection sous-critique a été trouvé bien en dessous du seuil de la convection stationnaire et décroit considérablement (avec la variation des paramètres rhéologiques) quand le fluide devient de plus en plus rhéofluidifiant. Selon les paramètres de contrôle, des solutions stables et instables périodiques sont possibles.
Ɛli Cwimet , Mulud Muqrawi , Sufyan Madi
كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر
Amy Zenger, Nada Ali Nazzal
كلية العلوم والأداب-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان
This study used both the quantitative and qualitative data to investigate the re lationship between second language writing apprehension and second language writ ing self-efficacy beliefs second language writing self-efficacy beliefs and sec ond language
خالد فاروق الراوي, محمد زبون ثاني, نغم خيري كريم
كلية العلوم-جامعة الأنبار · العراق
The present work is divided into three chapters.Chapter one:Includes a brief review of the drugs under study [Phenylephrine(PHE),Bromohexine (BRH)and Tenoxicam (TNX),and Ranitidine (RAN)]and their analytical methods for determination described in chapter one.Then a brief review on the principle of ion pair reaction, cloud point extractions (CPE), dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction(DLLME)and direct extraction.Finally, the chapter ended with the aim of the present work.Chapter two:Describesthe experimental part for the development of a new analytical method for the determination of the above studied drugs. This includes the chemicals and instruments used throughout the work as well as a description of the general procedure for the preparation of the standard stock solutions, a procedure for the optimization of conditions and general procedures for the determination of the studied drugs.Chapter three:Was divided into fourparts.Part I:This part includes the development of a spectroscopy method for the determination of phenylephrine and Bromohexine based onion-pairreactionswith alizarine yellow reagent.in acidic media.Tenoxicam and Ranitidine were reacted with 2-hydroxy propyl beta-cyclodextrin(2-HPβCD) in suitable media. The color of the produced was yellow with maximum wave lengths430, 480,385 and 330 nm from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively.The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law by direct extractionwere1 to 20μg/mLforphenylephrine, bromohexine and 1 to 45μg/mL for tenoxicam and ranitidine. Correlation coefficients(R2)0.997,0.997, 0.998, and 0.999from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and VIRanitidine,respectively. Molar absorptivity 14459.9,16504.0,2200.8,6072.88L/mol.cm and a detection limit0.34, 0.0814, 0.60, 0.17 μg/mL for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively.Part II:Cloud point extraction (CPE) was employed for the trace determination of the produced from the studied drugs followed by measuring the absorbance of the yellow color with λmax of 430, 480,385, and 330nm for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively.The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law were(1–35)μg/mLforphenylephrine, bromohexine, and tenoxicam and (1-20)μg/mLfor ranitidine drug.Correlation coefficients(R2) 0.999,0.995,0.996 and 0.996 from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively.Molar absorptivity 4073.2,13202.88,1572.0,1572.0 L/mol.cm,andlimitof the detection (LOD) 0.065,0.141,0.164, and 0.17 μg/mL respectively. Part III: DLLME was used to determine the trace of ion pair from the studied drugs, by use optimal conditions, followed by measurement of absorption of colorsat λ max430, 480,385, and 330 nm for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively.The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law were(1–13)μg/mLforphenylephrine,ranitidineand (1-23), (1-21)μg/mL for bromohexine, and tenoxicam, respectively. correlation coefficients(R2) 0.996,0.998,0.996, and 0.998for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. Molar absorptivity 12423.3, 23930.2, 2515.2, and 25303.2L.mol-1.cm-1from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) 0.094,0.055, 0.079, and 0.04 μg/mL from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. VIIpartIV: The activity of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was also studied on one of the studied compounds, bromohexine hydrochloride, and the azo compound formed from the same drug. The ability of the enzyme ALP to inhibit the drug and the azo compound was evaluated significantly, indicating the importance of the drug in the enzymatic activity.
بلقاسم بن علال, سليمان بلعور, محمد بلعربي
كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة غرداية · الجزائر
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن واقع وحقيقة تبني منظمات الأعمال الصناعية الناشطة بربوع ولاية (محافظة) غرداية الجزائرية بمسؤولياتهم الاجتماعية المنوطة بهم اتجاه أصحاب المصلحة المعنيين بذلك، والاضطلاع بأدوارهم اتجاه المالكين والعاملين، الزبائن و البيئة والمجتمع وكل الأطراف ذات العلاقة. في ظل الأبعاد الاقتصادية والقانونية والأخلاقية والخيرية التي يجب أن تتحلى بها منظمات الأعمال اليوم في ظل الموجة الرابعة للإدارة أو فيما يسمى بالمؤسسات المواطنة الساعية للربح والغير ناسية لدورها اتجاه المجتمع الذي تعيش فيه. معتمدين على المنهج الوصفي لوصف مختلف الجوانب المتعلقة بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية ومنهج دراسة الحالة في الجانب التطبيقي لإسقاط الجانب النظري على مجموعة من المؤسسات الصناعية النشطة بولاية غرداية، وقد تم استعمال أداة الاستبانة لمعرفة توجهات العينة المستهدفة بخصوص الموضوع، حيث تم توزيع 75 استبانة على مختلف المؤسسات الصناعية الناشطة على مستوى المناطق الصناعية ومناطق النشاطات بالولاية على غرار المنطقة الصناعية قارة الطعام، بلدية بونورة، والمنطقة الصناعية ببلدية القرارة، وسط المدينة ومنطقة النشاطات ببلدية بريان وكذا منطقة النشاطات بن جبلين بحي بلغنم ولاية غرداية، ومناطق أخرى. حيث تم للطالب استرجاع 63 استبانة، اعتبرت 52 منها صالحة للدراسة، وقد تم تحليلها باستخدام برنامج الحزم الإحصائية بنسخته الحديثة SPSS v26. كما تم اعتماد أداة المقابلة التي جمعت الطالب بعينة من مسيري وإطارات الإدارة العليا لهاته الشركات بغية التعرف أكثر على مدى تبنيهم لمفهوم المسؤولية الاجتماعية وواقع حالها لديهم. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود خلفية عن مصطلح المسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى أغلب أفراد مجتمع الدراسة، مع وجود تطبيق العديد من اتجاهاتها (اتجاه المساهمين، العاملين، الزبائن، ...، المجتمع) لديهم بما يعني وجود تطبيق نسبي للمسؤولية الاجتماعية من حيث لم يدري مجتمع الدراسة، كما توصلت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروقات استجابة للمسؤولية الاجتماعية من طرف الشركات تعزى لحجم، الصفة القانونية، ملكية الشركة الصناعية.
Larbi Lamamri, Nour El-Islam Chaia, Zohra Rezzag Hebla
كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة الشهيد حمة لخضر - الوادي · الجزائر
.The textbook helps learners to open up to new ideas and perspectives, and to accept others with their culture. This not only promotes better intercultural understanding, but also more effective communication and more harmonious relationships in an increasingly diverse and interconnected world.In this research, we attempted to analyze the cultural contents in the manual 5th A.P school: towards the valorization of national culture. to experience the culture that this manual truly reflects.We chose to analyze the content of this manual (texts, images, names...etc.), in order to achieve the goal of our research.
فرح نادر, كامل محمد
كلية العلوم والعلوم الهندسية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر
Le présent travail porte sur une étude concernant le domaine de reconnaissance de formesappliqué sur l’écriture arabe manuscrite par des multiclassifieurs, D’abords il s’agit de faire uneétude générale sur la reconnaissance de formes, puis de faire une étude bibliographique sur lessystèmes existants et les différentes recherches effectuées sur ce domaine, ensuite de faire uneétude sur les caractéristiques morphologiques et structurelles de l’écriture Arabe, puis étudierles systèmes de classification couramment utilisés, ainsi que des concepts de bases descombinaisons parallèles des classifieurs. Pour enfin proposer un système multiclassifieur dereconnaissance de mots arabes dans un lexique défini.
Ilhem Serir, Amina Sersour
كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة محمد الصديق بن يحيى - جيجل · الجزائر
The present research work at length constitutes of a broad study on postcolonial literature where are underlined the concepts of ‘Otherness’, ‘Identity’ and ‘Mimicry’. These are mainly literary devices most of which postcolonial writers made inclusive in their novels so as to show the reader to what extent the coloniser keeps on dehumanising the colonised and makes him deprived of his identity, his culture and his language. All too often, writers of this kind of literature actually targeted to shape the thoughts and assumptions of the Algerian people to insure a thorough ‘prise de conscience’ of the harsh and incessant social, cultural and linguistic effects in a made perennial neo-colonial era. The methodology of the present research work is fuelled as follows: We, accordingly, to what is mentioned above, proceeded with definite corpus. This was intended to bring to the surface of knowledge explanations, descriptions, illustrations and literary analysis on the concepts already mentioned. Another sound inclusive dimension of this study was to seek convergences between the stated hypotheses and the findings of the systemic, systematic and distinct literary analyses. As for the statement of the issue, this research work, mainly, strove to prove that the concepts of ‘Otherness’, ‘Identity’ and ‘Mimicry’ are solemnly considered as characteristics of postcolonial in general and which were produced by emphatic Algerian writers such as Mohammed Dib, Kateb Yacine, Mouloud Mammeri and most definitely Mouloud Feraoun. As a matter of fact and according to conventional research procedures, some questions gave a flow to this research and therefore had an impact on what could concretise what was behind and beneath the aforementioned writers’ texts in terms of linguistic, social as well as cultural visions. Other than this, this dissertation embodied a situational analysis that consisted of more than one aspect within the Algerian pre and post colonisation era. Though, stylistically speaking, the Algerian postcolonial writers are different, they, ultimately, produced a literature of denunciation and revolt against the colonial system and had, thereby, been responsible for the awakening of a national consciousness and this lies one of this research work findings. These were the results ultimately aimed at by the researcher. Ce travail de recherche vise à examiner le travail de Mouloud Freaoun La terre et le Sang en utilisant des concepts postcoloniaux spécifiques, à savoir "altérité", "identité" et "mimétisme" afin de mettre en lumière l'impact colonial, politique, social et culturel des écrits des auteurs des années 50. Parmi cette génération, Mouloud Feraoun a été sélectionné comme échantillon d’écrivains algériens de langue française. À grande échelle, cette recherche commencepar des stratégies d’influence postcoloniale générales. Elle se limite donc au contexte algérien englobé par une étude détaillée du roman en analysant des extraits choisis du roman La Terre et le Sang.
