Raouia Ferrouk, Fedoua Boumaza , Imene Belheouane , Ismail Derbal

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Afin de réduire les conséquences de risque sismique, l’étude des bâtiments dans le domaine linéaire seulement est insuffisante pour comprendre le comportement de ces derniers dans le cas de séisme. Néanmoins, L’étude des bâtiments dans le domaine non linéaire est une façon efficace pour estimer leur performance, et permet de mieux comprendre leur comportement lors des séismes. Afin de cerner le problème du comportement des structures à ossature auto-stables en béton armé sous différentes conceptions d’irrégularité et de mieux les étudier en utilisant la méthode de performance sismique « Push-over ». Permettant de tracer la courbe de capacité qui est comparée à la courbe de demande sismique pour évaluer le point de performance de la structure. Une interprétation des résultats de l’étude comparative menée sur trois variantes nous a permis à travers des critères de mettre en valeur l’influence de l’irrégularité d’un bâtiment sur son comportement sismique

Sumaia Mohamed Abu Kashwa, أمير محمد عثمان, محمد تاج الدين إبراهيم

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

The study was conducted in different locations in Butana area (Gadarif,Showak, Sharif Hassab Allah , um-gargoor, Alsobagh). The study aim todetermine the effect of breed types, sex and age group on somebody measurementsof some Sudanese breed type's camel, also to assess some field managementpractices adopted by herder men and camel owners.Milk samples from 60 she-camels (Camelus dromedaries) in different paritynumbers (one to fifth) and in different breed types (Anafi n=10, Kenana n=20,Daili n=12 and Arabi n=18) were randomly collected in June 2013 to investigatethe effect of parity and breed types on some physicochemical components ofcamels milk. The effect of parity and breed types on milk yield and componentswere investigated by ANOVA test followed by multiple comparisons using (LSD)test and the relation of difference components of camel milk were calculated usingPearson correlation. The data of present study was analyzed by using SPSS. Milkyield, fat, SNF and protein were affected by parity number (P<0.05). Significantdifferences (P<0.05) of breed types were recorded in freezing point, conductivity,milk yield, fat, lactose, ash, SNF and protein. The results showed strong positivecorrelation (P<0.01) in density, freezing point, Fat, SNF, lactose, ash and protein.But between fat and lactose, fat and ash were positively correlated (P<0.05). Thecorrelation of each parameter with the added water and conductivity wasnegatively highly significant (P<0.01).Also the study was used two hundred and eighty head were to five breedtypes of Sudanese camel (Bishari, Arabi, Daili, Anafi and Kenani) were randomlyselected from Gadarif state. The purpose of this part of the study was to determinethe effect of breed types, sex and age group on some body measurements of thefive Sudanese breed types camel. Body measurements were taken using metrictape (height at wither, heart girth, barrel girth, neck length, face length, tail length,IVand body weight). Complete Randomized Design was used to analyze the resultsobtained from this part of study and subjected to General Linear model (GLM)followed by Least significant difference test (LSD) using the SPSS 20.0 computerprogram, as 5 X 2 X 4 factorial design averages of height at wither, heart girth,barrel girth, neck length, face length, tail length and body weight were 1.85±0.02m, 2.02±0.02 m, 2.52±0.02 m, 1.13±0.01 m, 58.84±0.28 cm, 68.60±0.42 cm and512.30±7.84 kg respectively. The results also revealed that body measurementswere significantly affected by type of camel and age group. The Kenani camelshowed the highest values in all studied body measurements followed by otherbreed types. Regarding to the age groups the camels in the fourth age group (8 to 9years) had significantly high values in all body measurements followed by those ofthe third group 10 to 12 years, while the animals in the first group ≤ 4 yearsrecorded the lowest values. Furthermore, the results showed that the sex of camelsignificantly affected the heart girth, face length and body weight; and the maleshad significantly higher (P< 0.05) values than those of females.Also a set of detailed structured questionnaires were used to collectinformation from a total of sixty camel owners in different locations in Butanaarea in interview conducted over single visit. The questionnaire was designed toobtain information on general household information, relation with camel and lifemode of camel owners, purposes of keeping and rearing camels, breedingpractices, milk production and milking practices, feeding and watering andconstrains of camel production and veterinary services. This part of study wasrevealed that most of camel owners was illiterate, practiced both rearing camelsand agriculture and had experience more than 20 years in camel rearing asprofessions also they bred camel as life manner the results showed that camelowners select their animals according to breeding history, followed by productivityand morphological features moreover they focused on milk and meat improvementpurposes and the majority of them kept the male from the same herd and prefer toVbred Arabi, Daili, and Anafi breed type. More than half percent of camel ownersselect their male at 6 years age and keep it until 15 years. The results showed thatmost of she-camel produced from 2 to 3 kg milk/day in lactation period of 10months, the majority of camel owners used calve in milk let down and they milkedshe-camels twice a day, also the majority consumed the produced milk, while viewof them 3 sold the produced milk and took the milk for calve. The study showedthat the main source of camels feed was the pastures and the camels preferred toeat trees, bushes and grasses. Also the result showed that the main source of wateris river, wells 3and natural water net . The results showed that the majority ofcamel owners watering their camels in summer every three, while in winter morethan half percent of camel owners watering their camels every six days. The mainconstrain of camel production was diseases, followed by the lack of feed, water.

غياث ترجمان, هبة أجمان

الجامعة الافتراضية السورية · سوريا

Kamilia Msabel , M. Lounis , نعيمة معمري

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة زيان عاشور - الجلفة · الجزائر

Amel Idrisi , Ǧellawi Muḥemed

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

Tasekla n yal a£ref temmal-d s telqayt ta£arma-ines, tasekla ntmazi£it ur txullef ara tisekliwin nniven, imi tefka -d tugna akken iwata ileönas merra £ef tmetti d yidles amazi£ si zzman aqdim, tedda akkedumecwar-ines d unerni i d-yettlalen si tallit £er tayev, mac a taseklatamazi£t sumata d tin i d yebdan abrid-is s timawit d leyub-is i dyekkan si tatut d lexûûas n ccfawat deg uêraz n ugerruo-agi n tsekla.

كمال يوسف الحاج

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

سلمى العربي, شوقي قبطان, نفيسة قران

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

سندس صالح نهابة, علاء حسين وادي

كلية الهندسة-جامعة بابل · العراق

Hiba Zaidi, Moufida Tchikou , Sarah Soltana Tlemçani

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

The current case study investigates gender-triggered differences in using Metadiscourse markers, hedges and boosters, by third year EFL students in the English department at Yahia Fares University. More pointedly, it heeds to explore whether a gender-based variable (being a female or male student) bears an impact on the use and distribution of hedges and boosters among EFL students’ argumentative written products. For this purpose, and following a psychological discursive-based approach to language, a descriptive case study was conducted with third year EFL students in the English department. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through two main sources; students’ questionnaire and students’ writing essay tests. The findings of the research have revealed that female students were more inclined to use hedges in their argumentative writing than boosters. Differently, male students were more committed to use boosters.

قادة غروسي, نداح عبدالقادر

كلية الآداب واللغات والفنون-جامعة جيلالي ليابس – سيدي بلعباس · الجزائر