احمد محمد مكين, سميرة حميد عبدالرحمن, لبنى حسن عثمان على

كلية الطب-جامعة الجزيرة · السودان

Diabetic foot ulcerations are serious and costly diabetes-related complications. Prevention of this ulceration should be the primary goal for all involved in diabetic foot care, proper management and careful foot care helps in prevention of foot ulcers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a health education program to prevent foot complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was conducted during the period (July2010- July 2013), in two of the major diabetic clinics in Khartoum state – Sudan, namely, Soba diabetic clinic and Ribat diabetic clinic. The study included two groups: an (intervention) group, consisting of one hundred of type 2 diabetic patients, and age/gender matched control (non-intervention) group of one hundred of type 2 diabetic patients. Both groups were selected randomly from the above-mentioned diabetic clinics. A diabetic foot care program was implemented during the study period. The goal of the program was to prevent diabetes related to foot complications and was based on the implementation of basic foot care elements to prevent diabetic foot complications. Two hundred Patients were involved, and assessed about their knowledge, practice and attitude on their feet care by two tools; a structural interview questionnaire sheet and observational check list sheet. According to the assessment result, an educational foot care training program was developed. Results showed that, measured awareness of foot care was very poor among diabetic patients and this was found to be due to a lack of patients’ education by health care providers. The knowledge and practice of intervention group regarding foot care were improved significantly after education program. There was a significant finding regarding education about foot examination, before education only 65% of the participants perform feet examination. However, after education this percentage was raised to 99%. Also, 31% of the participants wore good feet wear style, and after education the percentage reached 100%.The study recommended that diabetic foot education program should be conducted in different health centers for diabetic patients, and available resources should be directed and oriented for suitable medical foot wear.

إياد محمد محمد, توفيق على بودى, على رمضان

كلية الهندسة الزراعية-جامعة تشرين · سوريا

Kamel Moulai, Souhila Azouaou, Sylia Arkoub

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

Le contrôle exercé sur les dépenses publiques en Algérie semble être en mesure de contribuer au développement national. Mais il faut dire que les objectifs qu’il se fixe sont encore insuffisants. Alors que l’exercice de ce contrôle sur le terrain est perfectible. Le contrôle tel qu’il est exercé actuellement est plutôt technique et ne prends pas enconsidération les aspects économiques lié à l’efficacité et l’efficience.Il est appelé à être plus souple, plus moderne et plus efficace. L’introduction des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication peut être d’un apport considérable en termes de respects des délais et de transparence.

Adel Ahmed Hassan Kubba, Wigdan Mohammed Ahmed

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة وادي النيل · السودان

We study fuzzy Topological spaces. We show some topological and Algebraic of a fuzzy subset topology. We obtain some topological properties of fuzzy anti normed linear spaces. We mention some applications of topological properties of fuzzy anti normed linear spaces

دريد محمد الحبيب, صخري لخضر

كلية العلوم والهندسة-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

The clevelopment of methocls ancl rrechanisnrs tor salb and clean reduction isstitl a vast area fbr scientiflc researches'ht 1997 N. J. Lau,rence and co-worl(ers reported tire conveltient procedr,rre fbreduction of esters ,Carboxylic acicls , ketones , and aldehydes using tetra Lruty'larnmoniun fluoride (TBAF) and polymetiryll-rydrosiloxane (PMHS) to thecorresponding alcohols'We now fbund that pol1, methyl hydro siloxane in cornbination rvith cataly'tic TBAFis excellent reducing agent tbr the mild reduction of amino acids to tlie con'espondingamino alcohols and high yields were obtained under ieoeal conditiolls.

Mohamed Gala Mohamed , S. E. I. Adam

جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

Clinical, biochemical and pathological changes in Nubian goats and desert sheep poisoned with single or multiple daily oral doses of the fresh or dry shoots of Chrozophora plicata (Terba), fresh fruit and leaves of Cassia italica (Senna) and dry leaves of Capparis tomentosa (Gium or hekkabit) were investigated. The effects of a combination of the dry shoots of C. plicata and of dry leaves of C. tomentosa on goats were also studied. Kidney and liver function tests were used and the results were correlated with the pathological and clinical effects.It was found that both dry and fresh C. plicata shoots are toxic to the experimental animals. The signs of C. plicata poisoning in sheep and goats were diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dyspnoea, episodes of shivering, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions comprised of necrosis and/or fatty cytoplasmic vacuollation of peripheral hepatocytes and of the cells of the renal tubules, congestion and haemorrhage of the heart and lungs, catarrhal enteritis and pulmonary oedema and emphysema. These changes were accompanied by increases in the activity of GOT and in the concentrations of ammonia, urea, bilirubin and potassium decrease in concentration of total protein, calcium and magnesium in the serum.The fruit and leaves of C. italica are equally toxic to sheep and goats and they cause diarrhoea, weakness of the hind limbs, moaning, anaemia and recumbency. The renal lesions showed a good correlation with increased levels of concentration, ammonia, potassium and urea in serum. The histological changes and the rise in the activity of GOT and in concentration of ammonia and decrease in the concentration of total protein in serum indicted hepatic dysfunction. The prominent features of C. tomentosa poisoning in goats were disturbances in locomotion, vacuolar degeneration in the grey matter of the spinal cord and hepato-renal malfunction. Effects on goats of the combined doses of C. tomentosa and C. plicata were additive

الأمين شريط , ياسين جبيري

كلية الحقوق-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1 · الجزائر

The Algerian legislator has launched a special initiative to solve thecrisis experienced by the country in the years of the last decade of thetwentieth century - which later named the black decade - callednational reconciliation, this study came to examine in particular thecomparative approach of transitional justice, and to study theadvantages and disadvantages in the light of other internationalexperiences in dealing with crises and internal conflicts.بوادر العدالة الانتق الية في ميثاق المصالحة الوطنية الجزائري294The study focused on the theoretical conceptual field oftransitional, historical and philosophical justice of the concept, vis-à-visthe conceptual and practical induction of national reconciliation, andthe most important phases of the national reconciliation to the approvalin its current wording known, and to identify the most importantphilosophical foundations of this exclusive Algerian approach.The content, procedures and pillars of transitional justice have beendetailed in this study, and the relationship between them and theirmethod of implementation and their provisions is explained, followedin national reconciliation procedures and measures, and Was alsodiscussed the legal problems raised by the question of theimplementation and application of its provisions and disadvantagesincluding, as detailed and analyzed the conditions and the modalities ofbenefiting from its provisions.Finally, the applications and evaluation of the two trajectories, thepath of transitional justice and national reconciliation were undertakenthrough the presentation of pilot experiences of transitional justice andtheir most important and Their consequences, and identified thedifficulties and obstacles that could impede the application of thecontext of transitional justice, and in its light we were able to criticizethe model of national reconciliation and demonstrated the advantagesand disadvantages of this experience.

N Benmansouri, احلام ملباط

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Notre travail repose sur l’extraction et caractérisation et étude de l’effet antibactériens et antifongiques de l’huile essentielle de « Myrtus communis » récoltée dans la région de Chréa . Nous avons réalisé cette expérimentation au sein de différents laboratoires des hôpitaux et des Facultés.Lors de cette étude, en premier lieu nous avons réalisé l’hydro distillation d’huile essentielle du myrte, et étude de rendement ,Le rendement en HEtrouvé de la plante fraîche est nettement supérieur que celui de la plante sèche . Et ensuite, une étude des caractères chimiques par la détermination des (5,75) ,L’indice d’ester (71,92).Par ailleurs, une analyse chimique par chromatographie en phase gazeuse , a révélé deux constituants majoritaires sont :α-pinent((38,11%) et 1,8-c'insole.(31,26%).Pour l’effet antibactérien de l’HE, nous avons utilisé 08 souches bactériennes(04Gram positif , 04Gram négatif ) par méthodes de diffusion sur gélose , Les souches les plus sensible à l’action de l’HE du myrte sont le : Staphylococcus aureus(20mm), et Micrococcus luteus (18 mm), par contre les bactéries à Gram négatif sont plus résistant ( Salmonella typhimurium 2mm) .Enfin , l’étude antifongique réalisé sur 09 souches fongiques, selon rubrum (48mm).

بلعيساوي الطاهر, جمال معتوق

جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

M. J. Haddadin, Safi S. Halawi

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان