Issam Lakkis, Jihad Touma, Naima Hammoud

كلية العلوم والأداب-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

The unsteady dynamics of a low Reynolds number jet impinging on a moving flat plate will be investigated. The objective is to present a physical explanation of the dynamics of low-frequency jet oscillations observed in industrial applications and to compu

داليا نجار, عمار كعدان, محمد نزيه اليغشي ايلوش

المعهد العالي للدراسات والبحوث الزلزالية-جامعة دمشق · سوريا

Michael Dobbyn, سهام الحسني

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

رنا فايز شاهين , سمر الديوب

كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية-جامعة حمص · سوريا

بوعمامة بختة, خداش خیرة, طحطاح علال

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة الجيلالي بونعامة - خميس مليانة · الجزائر

Imane Lounis , Mahrouch. N, Mebarki Djouher

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

أسامة حسن سالم القانوع

اكاديمية الادارة والسياسة للدراسات العليا, جامعة الأقصى · فلسطين

سميحة دويدي , فريد بوحلالة, مصطفي قناوي

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Imad Salamey, Mae Anna Chokr

مدرسة الآداب والعلوم-الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية · لبنان

The rapid rise and mobilization of ISIS was unexpected and soon after the organization announced its formation as a state under its controlled areas. Estimating the power of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been a major topic of discussion since its foundation. Throughout this period, it has continued its fight against existing governments in Syria and Iraq, with a key factor in its growth being its control over key resources such as oil fields and refineries in order to guarantee a basis for financing its operations.This research addresses the variables that explain the rise and expansion of the Islamic State (IS) as a transnational Islamic movement. After determining the elements playing a role in the organization’s viability while considering IS’ variables of consolidation, two cases are discussed, the Russian revolution and the Iranian revolution. Due to the nature of IS’ sudden emergence and opposition to existing governments, studying their initial motives will help elucidate whether the Islamic State can be considered to be a revolutionary state or not.To further discuss the variables of the Islamic State’s consolidation, the research seeks to investigate the factors behind state formation as presented in literature, and how it compares to the factors behind the formation of Islamic State. The research will lastly examine the key elements behind the success of the Islamic State in controlling and managing the territories it has conquered showing it to be the only variable serving to their continuity. Key elements are summarized by the available economic resources, geopolitical depth, and administrative leadership on the controlled lands.

Ahmed Abdel Rahim Gameel, Raga Ibrahim Omar Ahmed , Sulieman Mohamed El-Sanousi

كلية الطب-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

This work was carried out to explain the role of FAME and lipase insurvival and multiplication of the organism in the host tissues and theinduction of abscess by non abscess-producer Staphylococci treated withFAME and/or lipase and also to study the effect of triglycerides on abscessformation.Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)subsp. anaerobiusand S.epidermidiswere isolated from sheep abscess for extraction of FAME andlipase respectively by culturing themon trypticase soy broth medium.Thirty-nine sheep, divided into nine groups of three animals each,were inoculated subcutaneously (S/C) with different protocols and doses.Inocula included: S. epidermidisplus FAME; or plus FAME and lipase;S.warneriplus FAME or plus FAME and lipase; or plus lipase alone; S.aureus subsp. anaerobiusplus triglyceride; or plustriglyceride and lipase; orplus triglyceride and FAME. The control groups (six groups of two animalseach) were inoculated with the enzymes FAME and lipase, triglycerides andthe test bacteria (S. aureus subsp. anaerobius, S. epidermidis and S.warneri).Necropsy of the experimental sheep revealed the presence ofabscesses at the sites injected with S. epidermidisand S. warneriwhentreated with FAME or with both FAMEand lipase and also at sites where S.aureus subsp. anaerobiuswas inoculated. No abscesses were formed at sitesinjected with S. epidermidisor S. warnerialone or S. warneri plus lipase.Triglycerides were found to inhibit the formation of abscess when injectedwith abscess-producer Staphylococci (S. aureus subsp. anaerobius), butwhen FAME or lipase was also added, abscess was formed again.14Sections prepared from sites injected with bacteria and the enzymesFAME and lipase showed the presence of abscesses characterized byneutrophils infiltration surrounded by fibrous tissue reaction. At placeschronic inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages), fibroplasia andpyogranulomas were seen. The tissue changes were more pronounced atsites where S. epidermidiswas injected with FAME and lipase, followed byinoculation sites of S. epidermidisplus FAME, and S. aureus subsp.anaerobiusalone or when triglycerides were added to it with FAME orlipase. Sites injected with S. aureus subsp. anaerobiusplus triglyceridesshowed slight inflammatory reaction. To the best of our knowledge this in vivo experimental study seems tobe the first of its type.