رسائل ماجيستير
English
2024
Biological Activities and Nutritional Composition ofRhus coriaria L. (Sumac)
Hatem A. Hejaz, Rezq Basheer-Salimia, Shoroq Abd-Alhadi Shawar
كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة الخليل · فلسطين
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the biochemical activities and potential therapeutic applications of Rhus coriaria (sumac) fruits, integral to Palestinian culinary heritage. Motivated by Sumac's widespread use in traditional Palestinian dishes and its potential as a functional ingredient, alongside the scarcity of studies on Palestinian Sumac extracts, Turkish Sumac was included for comparison. The overarching objective is to investigate and evaluate the biological activities and nutritional composition of Rhus coriaria fruits, specifically assessing antibacterial activities, antioxidant properties, total phenol contents, in vitro anticoagulation, HPLC- PDA analysis, proximate composition, and mineral estimation of Palestinian and Turkish-cultivated Sumac fruit extracts.Findings demonstrate remarkable antibacterial efficacy for both Palestinian and Turkish Sumac against drug-resistant strains, specifically gram-positive MRSA with Palestinian extracts showing up to 95.65% inhibition and Turkish extracts showing up to 73.91%. Assessment of antioxidant properties and total phenol content reveals that reflux extraction using 100% methanol consistently demonstrates enhanced antioxidant potential in both Palestinian and Turkish Sumac. The superior efficacy of the 100% methanol reflux extraction method over 80% methanol and room temperature extraction methods can be attributed to the higher solubility and extraction efficiency of methanol at elevated temperatures, which enhances the release of phenolic compounds and other bioactive constituents responsible for the tested biological activities.The study also investigates Sumac's potential as a natural anticoagulant. The findings reveal a significant (P < 0.05), concentration-dependent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) by both Palestinian and Turkish Sumac extracts, indicating a specific influence on the intrinsic coagulation pathway while sparing theextrinsic pathway with Palestinian extracts prolonging aPTT up to 59.6 seconds and Turkish extracts up to 57.8 seconds. HPLC analysis identified shared compound profiles in Palestinian and Turkish extracts, including gallic acid and rutin, suggesting uniformity in biological activities.Mineral analysis revealed that potassium was the most abundant mineral, with concentrations up to 6997 ppm, followed by calcium, with concentrations up to 3440 ppm, and magnesium, with concentrations up to 2959 ppm, Zinc was present in the lowest concentrations, measured at around 55.9 ppm. Proximate analysis reveals that both Palestinian and Turkish Sumac extracts are rich in fiber, followed by fat and moisture content.Despite some variations, both sources share significant hemostatic potential and specific bioactive compounds, emphasizing their overall functional similarity. Minor differences in proximate parameters were noted, with Turkish Sumac showing higher fat content and lower moisture content. Mineral estimation showed no significant differences between Turkish and Palestinian Sumac extracts, underscoring their overall bioactivity and functional similarity.الأنشطة البيولوجية والتركيب الغذائي لنبات السماق. (Rhus coriaria L).