أندريا ريكو, انزو دي فابريزيو

جامعة الملك عبدالله للعلوم والتقنية · السعودية

In recent years super-hydrophobic micro-patterned substrates (SHS) have been successfully used for the suspension of a few biological molecules, allowing the further characterization in a background-free environment by label-free techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM in one device. This result is due to the combined action of laminar flow and shear stress exerted on the molecules contained in a drop that is spotted on top of the SHS and slowly evaporates. This new method is here proposed for the label-free formation and background-free characterization of amyloid fibers.Amyloids are insoluble aggregates formed by proteins that convert from a misfolded form into highly-organized β-sheet structures that could accumulate in different organs and compromise their normal physiological functions. Known amyloid-related diseases, named amyloidosis, are for instance Alzheimer, Parkinson, and type 2 diabetes. In classical crystallography, the study of the amyloid aggregates structure is often hampered by the laborious and time consuming sample preparation techniques. Therefore the need of a quick reproducible technique, has emerged.The amyloid fibers investigated in this work are derived from a lysozyme protein and a Tau-derived short peptide, both known to be related to two forms of amyloidosis. With this technique we demonstrate that threads of protein fibers are deposited on the substrate helped by the patterning of the SHS and its properties, and by characterizing them with Raman spectroscopy technique we revealed that they are anisotropic structures of amyloid nature. This type of sample preparation technique arises from the effect of the evaporation on the SHS, and opens up new possibilities for the formation of oriented fibers of amyloids and more in general, of proteins, ready for a substrate-free characterization, while classic crystallographic methods could have a limitation.

Cylia Hamadouche, Ines Kabli, M. Azni

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Ce document s’inscrit dans le cadre de notre projet de fin d’études pour l’obtention du diplôme de master en Télécommunication, spécialité Réseau et Télécommunication àl’université ABDERRAHMANE Mira de Bejaïa. Il décrit notre travail durant notre stage au sein de la RTC Sonatrach. L’objectif de la présente étude consiste à présenter une implémentation d’une architecture réseau pour la Région Transport Centre, cette solution consiste à mettre en place une redondance dans le réseau. A l’aide hyperviseur VMware et GNS 3, une architecture hiérarchique interconnectant différent équipements est proposée assurant ainsi la haute disponibilité afin de faciliter la communication entre les stations.

أحمد محمود حسن صالح

كليات الرياضيات والعلوم الطبيعية-جامعة جورج أوغست - غوتنغن · المانيا

The single mitochondrion of Toxoplasma gondii generates a membrane potential in theproliferative tachyzoite stage. However, its contribution to energy metabolism indormant bradyzoites is less clear.The steady state mRNA level of 11 nuclear genes coding for key subunits of the electrontransport chain was quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and compared intachyzoite versus bradyzoites. No significant difference on the transcript levels betweenboth stages was found when normalized to the expression of β-tubulin.To facilitate expression studies of energy-associated components, the open reading frameof the following genes was determined and verified by RT-PCR: (i) alternative NADHdehydrogenase I and II; (ii) flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase; (iii)cytochrome c1; and (iv) β-subunit of ATP synthase. These genes display highestsimilarities to orthologs in Plasmodium. They are single copy, nuclear encoded geneswith their coding sequence interrupted by multiple introns. The N-terminus of theprecursor proteins has characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting pre-sequence. Theopen reading frame of the five genes was fused with a c-myc tag and brought undercontrol of a tetracycline regulatable promoter. These plasmids were stably transfectedinto the T. gondii TATi-1 line. Co-localization studies showed that the encoded proteinsare expressed and transported correctly into the mitochondrion. Expression andlocalization of TgNDH2-I and TgATP-β were confirmed by mouse antiserum raisedagainst their recombinant proteins. The over-expression of these proteins has noinfluence on the growth rate of the parasites.The T. gondii genome predicts the presence of typical components of the respiratorychain, except complex I (NADH:Q reductase). Instead, two isoforms of a single subunit,non-proton pumping alternative NADH dehydrogenases, TgNDH2-I and TgNDH2-II,have been identified. The total DNA sequences encompass 2793 and 7686 base pairs andcontain open reading frames of 1875 and 1974 base pairs, respectively. The respectivegenes code for a precursor polypeptides of 618 and 657 amino acid residues with acalculated MW of 67 and 72 KDa, respectively. The open reading frames encoding theisoforms show 58% nucleotide sequence identity, and their gene products share 43%amino acid sequence identity.VIIIThe fact that alternative (type II) NADH dehydrogenases of T. gondii and P. falciparumare absent in mammalian cells makes them promising antimicrobial drug targets. Thequinolone-like compound 1-hydroxy-2-dodecyl-4(1)quinolone (HDQ) was recentlydescribed as a high affinity inhibitor of fungal alternative NADH-dehydrogenases inenzymatic assays, probably by interfering with the ubiquinol binding site of the enzyme.In this study, HDQ effectively inhibited the replication rate of T. gondii in tissue culture.The IC50 of HDQ was determined for T. gondii with two independeant types of growthassays at ~2-8 nM. An important feature of the HDQ structure is the length of the alkylsite chain at position 2. Derivatives with alkyl site chains of C6, C8, C12 (HDQ) and C14all displayed excellent anti-T. gondii activity, while a C5 derivative completely failed toinhibit parasite replication. Due to the structural similarities, it is most likely that 1-hydroxy-2-alkyl-4(1)quinolones compete with ubiquinones for the same binding site inalternative NADH dehydrogenases. HDQ treatment of T. gondii-infected culturesresulted in an induction of bradyzoite differentiation. This effect is well known fromother compounds which also inhibit parasite replication and simultaneously induce theexpression of bradyzoite specific genes in T. gondii. A combined treatment of T. gondiiinfected cells with HDQ and the antimalarial agent atovaquone, which blocks theubiquinol oxidation site of cytochrom b in complex III, resulted in a strong synergism.An interference of the mitochondrial ubiquinone/ubiquinol cycle at two differentlocations appears thus to be a highly effective strategy to inhibit parasite replication.HDQ and derivatives represent particularly in combination with atovaquone promisingcompounds with high potential for anti-malarial and anti-toxoplasmal therapy.In the background of the regulatable additional copies, the endogenous genes weretargeted for disruption by homologous recombination to generate inducible knock-outmutants. Depletion of TgNDH2-I in a conditional knock-out mutant has neither influenceon the replication rate nor on the in vitro stage conversion, suggesting that TgNDH2-IIactivity is sufficient for intracellular development. However, slight upregulation ofTgNDH2-II has been shown on the steady state mRNA in the knock-out mutantscompared to the wild type parasites. Moreover, TgNDH2-I depleted parasites display astrongly increased susceptibility for HDQ treatment, where 1 nM HDQ was sufficient tocompletely inhibit parasite replication. Taken together, we tempt to speculate that theover-expression of the second isoform i.e. TgNDH2-II compensates the loss ofTgNDH2-I activity.

حواء عفون, سهام أزقاغ , وهيبة صوالح

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

يعد التطور التكنولوجي أحد أهم المظاهر المؤثرة على حياة الإنسان في مختلف المجالات من علوم وآداب وفنون. وأثر التطور التكنولوجي على الأدب بتبلور كتابة أدبية جديدة وهو الأدب رقمي حيث اتحدت فيه الخصائص الأدبية بالتقنية الرقمية فأعطى جمالية ماتعة للكلمة كخاصية الميلتمديا وغيرها من آليات ساهمت في جعل هذا الأدب أكثر تنوعا من الناحية الجمالية، وخلق نمطا جديدا في الكتابة الأدبية فاستدعى آليات جديدة في التأليف والتلقي. والرواية الرقمية هي أهم الأجناس الأدبية الرقمية التي عرفت انتشارا واسعا في الآونة الأخيرة وتميزها بمؤثرات فنية جديدة جعلها تكتسب صفة جمالية جديدة.

معمر حيثالة , أحمد حمداش

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

مــلخص مذكرة الماسترالخصومة القضائية هي ملك للأطراف إلا أن التقاعس عن استكمال الإجراءات القانونية المطلوبة من شانه حرمانهم من بعض الحقوق جزاء على هذا التأخر في موالاة الإجراءات ومن بينها سقوط الخصومة التي هي إحدى العوارض التي تعتري الخصومة القضائية نتيجة إهمال الأطراف ذوي الصفة في السعي لاستكمال الإجراءات القانونية المنوطة وقد خصها المشرع بنصوص قانونية تنطبق على دعاوى القضاء العادي والقضاء الإداري

D Saidj , Meriem Imelhayene

جامعة سعد دحلب البليدة · الجزائر

Des recherches récentes sont basées sur l’étude de l’influence de l’alimentation sur les paramètres d’engraissement des lapins dont l’objectif est de mettre en place des stratégies efficaces pour réduire les problèmes sanitaires d’une part et la professionnalisation du coté économique et pratique de l’élevage cunicole d’une autre part. Afin d'étudier les effets de restriction alimentaire par limitation d’accès à la mangeoire sur les performances d’engraissement, notre essai vise à suivre une stratégie de limitation du temps d’accès à la mangeoire, de 3h/j pendant 5 jours et une fin de semaine avec distribution alimentaire ad libitum dans les fins de semaine et cela pendant 5 semaines post sevrage, puis 2 semaines de consommation volontaire avant l’abattage effectué à 12 semaines (lot R) . Un2èmelot témoin (lot T)est nourri ad-libitum pendant toute la période de l’engraissement. 44 lapereaux sevrés entre 32 et 35 j sont répartis entre les deux lots. Les résultats enregistrés sur leurs performances d’engraissement respectivement pour les lapins restreints Ret les témoins T sont les suivants :-Le poids vif à l’abattage est de 277551get 2,0051g.-L’ingéré quotidien est de 51577g/j et22,512g/j.-Le gain moyen quotidien est de 39.07g/j et 32.30g/j.- L’indice de consommation est de ,5,1et95,1.-le rendement de carcasse est de77550% et7,505%.-le poids du gras péri-rénal est de 2,575g et15525g.Ces résultats montrent l'efficacité des stratégies adoptées dans le cadre de cette étude et pourrait être réalisée pour des objectifs économiques nécessaires auprès du marché ainsi que pour des objectifs sanitaires et de rentabilité finale de production de l’élevage cunicole.

Abba Kolo, Terence Anthony Morris

كلية إدارة الأعمال والقانون-الجامعة البريطانية في دبي · الامارات

This thesis examines the approach of the parties towards administering the conditions of contract with regards to contractual delay and ascertain as to why construction projects in the UAE are notoriously late in project delivery and why so many projects find themselves in dispute.Throughout the course of my studies the forms of contract available to the Employers and their consultants were studied and found to be quite extensive and the dispute mechanisms presented by them were found to be fair to both parties to the contract.What research establishing was that the most common forms of contract were the FIDIC 1987 and FIDIC 1999 “Red Book” contracts. Considering the dispute mechanisms within these contracts, why is it that the parties find themselves so often engaged in formal dispute and particularly arbitration.The research was conducted through an on-line survey of one hundred construction professionals for which there were seventy three respondents.The questions ranged from but were not limited to:1.The causes of delay most commonly experienced,2.The party most commonly found to be the cause of the delay,3.The most common form of contract utilized in the UAE,4.How the conditions of contract were applied, and5.What were the contractual outcomes in the form of dispute resolution applied?The data provided supported my own experience whilst working on projects in the UAE for the last ten years that the choice of contract made was superficial, as the majority of contracts were bespoke and heavily weighted towards the Employer. Despite this what was evident was that no matter the form of contract, the Employer and his consultants constantly failed in the administration of the contracts leading to formal dispute.The UAE is developing its structure towards having a modern system of dispute resolution that would encourage in particular the likes of Mediation and International Arbitration.What is clearly displayed by the data received from this research is the Employers willingness to allow disputes to evolve and carry on for protracted periods of time with detriment to the project and the relationship of the parties.Would the industry and the parties to the contract be better advised or encouraged to administer the conditions of contract and address the disputes at the time of its occurrence as with the use of a Dispute Adjudication Board, or Mediation rather than the costly exercise of Arbitration?

حمو عمو, عبداللطيف اودريني

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة أحمد دراية - أدرار · الجزائر

Dans ce travail on procède à l’étude comparative être le béton et l'argile comme matériaux de construction habitable. Cette étude est pour but d’étudier le comportent thermique d'une maison individuelle rurale à faible consommation d’énergie dans la région d'Adrar au sud de l'Algérie.Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons comme par la modélisation des transferts thermiques des écoulés fluidiques (le vt + paroi développe de bâtimt.)Un logiciel nous a permet de modéliser ces phénomènes physiques (Ansys-Flut), il consiste à déterminer tout point et à chaque instant les variables d’état représentatives de l’écoulent, soit : la température, le champ de vitesse, le champ de la pression. Pour cela, nous avons résolu numérique les équations de Navier-Stokes et de la chaleur qui régisse cet écoulent. Ces équations ont été discrétisées par une méthode implicite aux d'affaires finies.Ensuite, nous avons résolu, les bilans thermiques établis au niveau de chaque paroi de l’habitat et tant compte des échanges thermiques par convection, conduction et rayonnent. Les modèles ainsi élaborés ont été validés utilisant des données climatiques mesurées ressème au niveau de l’unité de recherche énergie renouvelable milieu sahari d’ADRAR.Les résultats obtus dans le cadre de cette recherche ont montré que la matière de construction utilisée actuellement dans cette région représente une valeur ajoutée à la surchauffe indésirable au niveau de cette région désertique. This work focuses on the numerical modelling of thermal behavior of a room located in a desert area, the goal of this study is to compare concrete and clay as building materials that are suitable in terms of the thermal behavior of the rural house in the Adrar region.To achieve this goal, we have two rooms through the Physical Analysis and Simulating Program (FLUENT) software that allows the modelling of all physical and thermal transformations taking place in the space, which is very similar to a parallel cavity of rectangles where we relied on the principles of thermal this note, we figure out a detailed analysis of the various and thermal parameters that have a direct impact on thermal comfort in space under special climatic conditions in this dry desert area.The resulting system of algebraic equations was solved by the thermal equations of Stokes. Th, we solved the thermal created in each of the rooms taking into account thermal exchange through thermal load, conduction and radiation; we appeared a detailed analysis and explanation of the various geometric and thermal parameters on thermal comfort in the models.The results we have obtained show that the use of clay as a building material in this area a good choose, unlike concrete. fr

اليز أديب بشلاوي, جلال بدر خضرة

كلية الاداب والعلوم الانسانية-جامعة تشرين · سوريا

مشاري بن سلمان المشاري, عبدالعزيز بن علي الغريب

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية-جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية · السعودية