كریمة حاجي, يحيى سعيدي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

تعرف الموارد البشرية أهمية جد متزايدة يوما بعد يوم,و ذلك لما تمثله من مصادر و مواردبالنسبة للمنظمات و ما تحققه لها من منافع وعوائد تؤثر على حياة المنظمة ككل .بعد المراحل التي مرت بها وظيفة الموارد البشرية ، هاهي اليوم تتقدم على بقية الوظائف نتيجة للدورالذي تلعبه في بقاء و استمرار المنظمة ,و الذي يمثل بدوره هدف استراتيجي لكل المنظمات , لكييتحقق هذا الأخير ينبغي عليها أن ترسمه في أذهان كل أفرادها و تعمل على تحقيقه بواسطتهم ,ولايمكن أن تصل إلى هذا إلا إذا تبنت ثقافة أو سياسة الولاء التنظيمي , الذي يمثل محور هذهالدراسة,حيث أظهرت أن الولاء التنظيمي لا يؤثر فقط على اداء الأفراد داخل المنظمة بل و يساهمفي تدعيم صورتها لدى زبائنها , وهو أمر قد تتجاهله الكثير من المنظمات مما يستدعي لفت انتباهها وتركيز اهتمامها إليه.تنبع اهمية هذا الموضوع من واقع بيئة الأعمال وما تعرفه من تحولات وتغيرات افرزتها العولمة.

أحمد عميري, عليان بوزيان

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

تعتبر العقود الإدارية من أهم المواضيع التي لقيت اهتماما كبيرا على المستويين الدولي والوطني، وذلك لإرتباطها الوثيق بالمال العام، مما جعلها المجال الخصب لتفشي جرائم الفساد بكل أشكالها، وهذا ماجعل أغلب قوانين وتنظيمات دول العالم تؤسس إجراءات إبرام العقود الإدارية على مبادئ المنافسة النزيهة، المساواة في معاملة المرشحين، وشفافية الإجراءات. وذلك بهدف ضمان نجاعة الطليات العمومية من حيث سعرها وجودتها، وضمان الإستعمال الحسن للمال العام، هذا من جهة ومن جهة ثانية، فإن اعتماد هذه المبادئ يكرس حرية الإستثمار والتجارة بالنسبة للمتعاملين الإقتصاديين الراغبيين في التعاقد مع الإدارات الهيئات والمؤسسات العمومية. وتجسيدا لمبادئ الإبرام وأهدافها، نصت القوانين والتنظيمات على إجراءات قبلية ووقائية، تضمن حماية هذه المبادئ قبل خرقها، وإجراءات ردعية وقمعية في حالة الإخلال بها، وذلك بهدف تكريس قواعد الشفافية في إبرام العقود الإدارية.

Fatma Elzahraa Abdelrahman Mohamed Abdelrahman, Marilyn Plumlee

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

The study explores issues related to the place of the target culture in the context of teaching English as a foreign/second language in Egypt. There are two research questions in this study. The first one is concerned with identifying the speech acts taught in the Hello! textbook studied by Egyptian students in all governmental and private schools of the third year of General Secondary Education. The second research question investigated the perceptions of governmental and private school teachers on teaching aspects of the target culture in their English classes in Egyptian schools.The research is of a quantitative/qualitative nature. A critical analysis of the speech acts activities from the Hello! textbook has been provided and it was found that only six units out of 18 in the Hello! textbook contain information on speech acts. These six speech acts are: giving advice, making and responding to suggestions, expressing wishes and regrets, offer to help, giving and responding to warnings, and persuading. Using a teacher questionnaire, data from 50 participants teaching at governmental and private schools in Egypt has been collected. This data was supplemented by interviews with three teachers from each type of school for a total of six teachers. The results reported from the questionnaire are in the form of statistics while those reported from the interviews are in the form of descriptive analysis.The results of the study show that the teaching of the target culture and pragmatics in ESL classes in Egypt is neglected due to many reasons, which include the lack of facilities and resources available to teachers, the use of a standardized high school exit exam which does not include questions on cultural aspects, and the resultant washback effect on teachers’ and students’ attitude toward the inutility of teaching cultural aspects.

عمر لعويرة, فريد بوحناش

كلية أصول الدين-جامعة الأمير عبد القادر للعلوم الإسلامية · الجزائر

Bader Nasser Mohammed, Boussabaine Halim

الجامعة البريطانية في دبي · الامارات

The report aimed at providing the insight towards the various factors in the construction industry which add up to the cost of the project. The report identifies the relation of the project cost with several factors which are considered to be dependable or independent. The research work recognizes the importance of every single dependent, and independent factor and the analysis based on data interpretation helped to locate the various areas which influence the overall project cost in the construction industry. For better vision to the effect on cost, the report submits the analytical data such as graphs and tables which were determined on researching over the base of previous research work.

Sarah Ouchikh, M. S Lounici , Sonia Sayah

كلية العلوم الهندسية-جامعة أمحمد بوقرة - بومرداس · الجزائر

إسماعيل مهنانة, عبدالرحمن بوقاف

جامعة الجزائر 2 - أبو القاسم سعد الله · الجزائر

يقوم الفيلسوف الألماني مارتن هيدغر بإعادة قراءة كل الفلسفة الحديثة قراءة نقدية تسمح له بمراجعة الأسس الفلسفية التي يقوم عليها مشروع الحداثة الغربية، نتابع في هذه الدراسة كل تفاصيل هذه القراءة و الأبعاد الفكرية الناتجة عنها في الفكر المعاصر، حيث نقدم المنهجية التي إستعماها هيدغر كما نواجه المفاهيم الفلسفية التي قام هيدغر بإعادة مراجعتها.

خيرة ميهوب, فتيحة شرقاوي

كلية اللغات والاداب-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

La compréhension historique et littéraire de "Madame Bovary" de Gustave Flaubert, publiée en 1857, est cruciale pour comprendre sa profondeur. Le roman, situé dans une période de transition en France, représente le réalisme en décrivant minutieusement les décors, les comportements humains et critiquant les conventions sociales. Le style précis de Flaubert ainsi que son usage du discours indirect libre permettent une exploration psychologique profonde des personnages, en particulier d'Emma Bovary, figure du Bovarysme. Notre recherche a pour objectif de déterminer si le Bovarysme est une pathologie psychanalytique ou une manifestation du génie stylistique de Flaubert. Emma, souvent associée à l'hystérie féminine, a des comportements impulsifs et une insatisfaction chronique. Nous allons étudier les thèmes, le style, l'importance de l'espace et du temps, la complexité des personnages, et les techniques narratives afin de transmettre le Bovarysme en quatre chapitres.

دلدوم محمد, هبة عبدالله

كلية الغابات-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

This study was carried out during 2007/2008 in the nursery and experimentalfarm of Gum Arabic Research Center, University of Kordofan at El Obeidtown, North Kordofan State, to study the effect of seed sources and soiltypes on seed germination and seedlings establishment of Acaciapolycantha. Seeds were collected from three areas: South Darfur; SouthKordofan and Blue Nile states.The study consisted of seed dormancy breakage test by several methods(pretreatment with soaking in cold and hot water, corroding by 25% and50% conc. H2SO4, and itching by electrical needle); the seed were plantedin the nursery in different soil types (sand, clay and mixture) and fieldestablishment of the species through direct seed sowing and seedlingtransplantation.The seeds from South Darfur failed to germinate, and did not thrivesatisfactorily both in the nursery and in the field, and thus were excludedfrom the experimentation.Seeds treated by electric needle test gave the highest germination percentage(60%). Treatment with H2SO4 25 gave the lowest values (20%), even (10%)xlesser than that of the control and cold water. The electric needle and theboiling water were effective treatment for Acacia polycantha seed dormancybreakage. The cold water and 50% conc. H2SO4 gave identical values.The seed source obviously had little effect on Acacia polycantha seedgermination except for the control from Blue Nile which was twice strongerthan that of South Kordofan.The study showed that there were significant differences among the types ofsoils in measured parameters in the nursery.The seedlings length in themixture was better than in the sand. Little difference was observed betweenseedling length in the mixture and the clay, but the difference between themixture and sand was about 1.5 folds. Root length growth in the sandshowed better performance (32.1cm) and fallowed by clay and mixture.Shoot/root length ratio was similar in the clay and the mixture but that in thesand was the lowest. Seedlings of the mixture had denser foliage than thoseof clay and sand. Shoot dry weight was significantly different between themixture and sand, while there was no difference between both mixture andclay and clay and sand. Seedlings in the sand had the lowest shootmasses.The shoot/root weight ratio, in the sand was far lower than that ofclay and mixture; this difference exceeded 3.7 folds.xiFor the seeds source, the Blue Nile seedlings length was higher than those ofSouth Kordofan by a difference of 4.1 cm. Like wise a significant differencewas obtained between the seedlings root length of the two locations; here theSouth Kordofan seedlings developed longer root lengths by a difference of3.4 cm on average. The shoot/root length ratios of the seedlings of the twolocations were 1.8 and 1.4 for Blue Nile and South Kordofan, respectively.For the shoot and root dry weights, the respective difference of magnitude inthe mass values of these parameters was 0.7 and 0.8 g. For the shoot/rootweight ratio, the Blue Nile seedlings were higher than those of SouthKordofan, by a difference of 0.6.NPK and organic carbon content in the seedlings showed, no significantdifferences between South Kordofan and Blue Nile; also there were nosignificant difference between the soil type (Mixture and Sand) but the claydiffered from the others in Potassium and organic carbon.Direct seed sowing in the field failed to germinate which was attributed tothe poor sandy soil conditions and drought conditions.The study showed that there were no significant differences in the studiedparameters for the seedlings transplanted in the field except for the rootcollar diameter; which was better in mixture fallowed by sand and clay. Forthe two seed sources there were no significant differences in diameter andxiinumber of leaves, but there were significant differences between them inseedlings length which was taller for Blue Nile than South Kordofan source.The study concluded that seed dormancy of Acacia polycantha can be easilybroken by available pre-treatment methods, particularly hot water andelectrical needle itching. Nursery seedling stock can be satisfactorily raisedin sand-clay mixture soils. Seeds from different areas had differentgermination and growth rates which might be considered as separateprovenances. Field establishment of Acacia polycantha in dry ecozones onsandy soils is very poor and better establishment may be obtained in morehumid areas as on clay or loamy soils. In view of the scanty informationabout this species and envisaging its apparent potential as gum producingtree, more research work is needed both for natural stands and plantations.

BENAYAD Zouaoui, h. BOUSBAA

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

Dernièrement, les moteurs Diesel ont connu une évolution remarquable grâce à leurrendement exceptionnel cela malgré l’émission des gaz polluants.Le réchauffement climatique, l’épuisement des ressources naturelles et la sévérité croissantedes normes anti-pollution a poussé les scientifiques à étudier sérieusement les phénomènesphysiques et chimiques de la combustion. Cela en espérant réduire l’émission des gazpolluants des moteurs à combustion interne, à travers la reformulation des carburants tout enpréservant les performances du moteur.Nous entamons cette étude par des généralités sur les moteurs à combustion interne. Puis,nous ferons un aperçu sur les carburants. Ensuite, nous citons les formulations mathématiqueset les modèles physiques et chimiques. En fin, nous exposons les concentrations desdifférentes espèces polluantes : Monoxyde d’ Azote NOX, les Particules de Suies, lesHydrocarbure Imbrûlés HC et le Monoxyde de carbone CO calculés numériquement par lecode CONVERGE pour les cinq carburants : tétradécane,héxadécane, iso-octane et iso-pentane éthanol dans unmoteur à injection directe en introduisant les réactions chimiques cinétiques de Zeldovichpour la formation du NO et la réaction globale d’oxydation du carburant et les réactionsd’équilibre contribuant à la formation des polluants. Cette étude nous permet de faire unecomparaison quantitative des quantités des gaz polluants émis avec les gaz d’échappement dela combustion interne des différents carburants étudiés.