H. Djidjell, Melha Chennit, Nait Yahia Lamia

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

La plante de thé vert nommé « BARARI GUNPOWDER GREEN TEA » appartient à lafamille des theaceae, elle est reconnue pour ses intérêts thérapeutiques. Ce présent travailporte sur l’étude de l’influence de plusieurs paramètres physicochimiques (volume de liqueurde thé, température, pH et le temps) sur la stabilité d’un principe actif, qui est l’Amlodipine(cardiovasculaire béta bloquant des canaux calciques), formulé dans une préparation liquidepour administration par voie orale. Nous avons étudié en particulier, l’influence de l’additionde la liqueur de thé sur la stabilité du principe actif seul, puis en présence de l’acideascorbique. De plus, nous avons optimisé le temps de stabilité pour plusieurs jours. Lecaractère faiblement acide (pH=6.26) de la liqueur de thé favorise nettement la stabilité del’amlodipine, mais l’ajout de 1mg/ml de l’acide ascorbique diminue sensiblement sa stabilitéau bout de 72h (3j). Pour prouver l’activité antiradicalaire de la liqueur de thé, un test deDPPH a été effectué et qui a montré que celle-ci est active avec un pourcentage d’inhibitionde 3%, pour un volume de 3ml de liqueur de thé.

Lounis Katti, Tsoufik Yaya

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Le travail ici présenté consiste à traiter la question du devenir de l’école, qui s’impose comme une question d’une importance capitale, étudier l’école n’est jamais simplifié par la complexité, et l’interférence de plusieurs domaines, tenter de les mettre en relation d’harmonie, est un peu comme une aventure dangereuse, mais amusante, et séduisante, il serait difficile effectivement mais pas si l’en prend du plaisir à le faire, on peut pas défendre le jeu, sans présenter soi-même ce caractère d’amusement, on peut par l’esprit joueur accomplir des choses d’apparence impossible. (Comme ici gagner un peu plus en écrit …)Il est question ici d’affronter l’école aux nouvelles avancées de la recherche dans les différents domaines y afférents, notamment la santé, le socioculturel, etc., et de répondre à notre question problématique qui s’interroge de l’avenir de l’école aujourd’hui, l’hypothèse richement documentée qu’est de défendre que l’espace de l’école et celui de la ville devraient se confondre. Les objectifs fixés au début du travail à savoir ; La construction d’un référentiel caractérisant l’espace confondu de l’école et de la ville : Rôle rituel des enfants dans la ville, et l’intégration de l’enfant dans les opérations de planification urbaine, qui devrait se faire sans ségrégation entre les tranches d’âge, il faut que tout le monde trouve son compte à la ville.Admettre que le jeu est un impératif éducationnel, l’exploration du milieu de vie est plus qu’un besoin, améliore l’intégration sociale et lutte contre l’exclusion sociale ;L’esprit communautaire est nécessaire à l’épanouissement des enfants toute ruée vers l’individualisme défavorise leur développement naturel, la forme de propriété foncière, impacte la vie des enfants, il faut aller vers plus d’espace public, il faut également pouvoir faire confiance à la communauté à la même image de la culture allemande ou kabyle.Le problème n’est pas génétique, l’enfant est bon de nature, ceci dit qu’il faut investir davantage le milieu urbain, l’instruction formelle devra se contenter de doter les enfants des trois R, clés du savoir et la connaissance humaine.Le toucher fait l’intelligence des sociétés, la tendance serait l’effacement des interdits, rendre la ville accessible, offrant beaucoup d’opportunité du toucher, ceci dit confondre l’espace de l’école et celui de la ville, on apprend partout et tout le temps, intégrer le facteur risque dans les aménagements de terrains de jeux d’enfants, c’est un besoin naturel Les technologies numériques comme outil potentiel pour contrecarrer la ruée vers l’individualisme et enfin la révision des temps et rythmes scolaires afin de renouer contact avec le monde extérieur s’inscrit dans la volonté de privilégier une vie active.Les autres objectifs dressés, comme éveiller l’intérêt autour de cette question vont sans dire.

خالد صوالحة, روان جورج نيقولا عواد

معهد التنمية المستدامة-جامعة القدس · فلسطين

This study was implemented during January 2019 to February 2020. The main goal of this study is to examine adapting the international sustainable indicators to develop the tourism in Natural Heritage sites in Bethlehem and its effect economically on the local communities. This study was implemented in Bethlehem Governorate. The study targeted locations like Mar Saba Monastery Area, Solomon’s Pools Area, Town of Battir and Wadi Khreitoun Area. This study targeted the key players and managers in local governmental and non-governmental organizations who work for alternative types of tourism in Bethlehem. The main data collection method used is the questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS. In the Middle East region and in Palestine, they are recognized as an attractive tourism destination because they contain religious, historical, cultural and natural heritage sites. To specify, Bethlehem is considered a site that contains international assets to attract alternative types of tourism such as Natural Heritage tourism. Natural Heritage Tourism means the total of the elements of biodiversity, including flora and fauna, ecosystems and geological structures. The aim of this tourism is to raise the number of tourists, let them stay longer and to be involved with the local communities. All of this circle will benefit the local communities socially and economically. This study worked to adapt the international sustainable development indicators for promoting mechanisms to develop tourism at Natural Heritage Sites of Bethlehem because tourism is the major industry in Palestine that contributes to raising the percentage of GDP and offers job opportunities to the local communities. The previous studies showed that the Palestinian researchers and authors agreed on the importance of sharing the work of tourism with stakeholders to promote different types of tourism and also to ensure sustainability. On the other hand, the studies showed that Palestine needs to work for developing local legislation and regulations in order to save its heritage places and to work for a master plan of tourism. According to the previous studies, interviews, and researches, there are international indicators to adapt and to ensure sustainability of natural heritage sites. These indicators are economic, environmental, social and governance. The researcher adapted these indicators to the Palestinian situation, and the results showed that the most important indicator to work for is the environmental, the second is the social, the third is the economic and the final indicator to work for is the governance. In addition, the previous studies agreed on setting international components to be available in the natural heritage places to be listed as world natural heritage sites. These components are environmental, climate, biodiversity and cultural aspects such as heritage and religious sites. These components were adapted to the targeted sites and the results showed that those places can be considered as natural heritage sites. The results showed that Battir is number one to be considered as a natural heritage site, the second is Mar Saba Monastery Area, the third is Solomon's Pools Area and the final one is Wadi Khreitoun Area. In addition to the international components, the previous studies summarized that there are standard elements to be included in natural heritage sites. These elements are the location of the site, the availability of public services, to have rest areas or walking paths, the local communities’ involvement and the final is to work for decreasing the effect of the external threats to ensure the development of tourism. Most of the targeted population weighted the importance of working for decreasing the effect of the local restrictions of the targeted sites such as the political division of the areas, the settlers’ sudden visits and the closed management of some areas

Samir Al-Ghadhban, Ashraf S. Hasan Mahmoud, محمد اكبر علي

كلية الهندسة-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems have great potential for providing enormous capacity due to its integrated space-frequency and multi-user diversity. It is generally hard to find an optimal solution for sub-channel and power allocation in a multiuser MIMO-OFDMA system that maximizes the overall systems capacity, given proportional rate constraints. In this thesis, an adaptive subcarrier and power allocation scheme is proposed for a MIMO-OFDMA system. This algorithm optimizes power distribution, guarantees quality of service requirements, and ensures fairness to all active users. In addition, the performance of the designed algorithm is also investigated by applying it to practical MIMO schemes, taking into account adaptive modulation and bit loading techniques. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme satisfies the proportional rate constraints in strict sense and therefore can provide absolute rate guarantees in contrast to other schemes found in literature.

فاتن فؤاد نجم الدين الجادر

الجامعة التكنولوجية · العراق

إبراهيم البشير محمد, الطيب إبراهيم حسن مدني, محمد أحمد صالح إبراهيم

كلية العلوم الزراعية-جامعة الجزيرة · السودان

Rain-fed agriculture in Sinnar state, central Sudan is one of the main areas for producing sorghum. The conventional farming (CF) system for sorghum is achieved by the use of wide level disc (WLD) for seed bed preparation and seeding plus use of low inputs. Conservation agriculture (CA) was tested elsewhere and proved its successfulness. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of conservation agriculture under rain-fed condition compared with other methods, zero-tillage and conventional tillage on productivity of three sorghum cultivars, namely Buttana, Arfa Gadamak-8 (AG-8) and Ummbenine-20. Sorghum cultivars and methods of land preparation were tested under two environmental zones: Sinnar research station Farm (SRSF) and AbuNaama research station Farm (ARSF), for two seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16. Split plot design with three replications was used, land preparation methods in main plots and cultivars in sub plots. The traits measured were days to 50% flowering, plant height, plant population, head weight, 1000-grain weight, number of grains/head, total grain yield, plant biomass and harvest index. The highest grain yield in season 2014/15 at ARSF was recorded by AG-8 (2521 kg/ha) when WDL was practiced, Where as the lowest grain yield was obtained by Buttana (1472 kg/ha) when zero-tillage was practiced. The highest grain yield in season 2014/15 at SRS was obtained by AG-8 (2046.9 kg/ha) when chisel plough was practiced. Combined analysis of season X cultivars and location X cultivars indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained by Ummbenine-20 in the first season 2014/2015 and Arfa gadamak-8 at ARS location, respectively. Based on the results of this study it could be recommended that farmers in the rain-fed sector should adopt conservation agriculture (chisel plow) when the rainfall is limited as a technology for water harvesting coupled with sorghum cultivars AG-8 and/or/Ummbenine-20

S.M.El hassan, شوقي ضرهام

كلية الطب البيطري-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

The aim of the study was isolation and identification ofbacteria associated with mastitis of cattle, sheep and goats. A total of90 milk samples were collected from animals with mastitis indifferent areas in Khartoum state. The samples were collected duringthe period between October 2002 to April 2003.Milk samples were collected from cattle, sheep and goats beforetreatment and after treatment. The antibiotics used for treatment wereNeomicin, Gentamicin, Cloxacillin, Amoxacillin and Rubrocilline.The Gram-positive bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goat collected before treatment were Staphylococcispp (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,Staphylococcus wareneri, Staphylococcus simians, Staphylococcuscapitis, Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus carnosus ),Streptococci spp ( Streptococcus porcinus, Streptococcus faecalis,Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcusdysgalactiae), Bacillus spp (Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillusmegaterium and Bacillus cereus ) and Corynebacterium spp(Corynebacteria bovis, Corynebacteria haemolyticum andArcanobacterium pyogenes ).The Gram-negative bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goats collected before treatment were Klebsillapneumoniae and Pseudomonus areuginosa .The Gram-positive bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goats collected 3 days after treatment wereStreptococcus zooepidemicus and Bacillus pantothenticus.The Gram-negative bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goats collected 3 days after treatment were E.coli,Bacteroides vulgatus, Logionella pneumophila, Actinobacilluslignieresii, Pasteurella multocida, Morgenella morganii andEnterobacter aerogenes.The Gram-positive bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goats collected 7 - 10 days after treatment wereStaphylococci spp (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcussaprophyticus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus hominis,Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caseolyticus,Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus cheromogens andStaphylococcus hyicus), Streptococci spp ( Streptococcus pyogenes)and Bacillus spp (Bacillus pentothenticus ).The Gram-negative bacteria isolated from mastitic milk ofcattle, sheep and goats collected 7-10 days after treatment wereKlebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida , Acinetobacter lwoffiiand Proteus penneri.Antibiotic sensitivity test were done for all isolated strain. Themajority of the isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol ( 80% )and Gentamicin ( 69.1% ), but they were resistant to Penicillin (72.7% ) and Ampicillin ( 90.9% ).

Hadil Abughiyatha, Mohammad Adam

جامعة بوليتكنك فلسطين · فلسطين

The zero forcing game on a simple, undirected graph G is based on the so-called color change rule which can be stated as if some vertices on G are colored black while others are white and vertex v is a black vertex with exactly one white neighbor u, then change the color of vertex u to be black vertex. A zero forcing set is a subset of black vertices such that if we apply the color change rule, we have all vertices on G are black vertices. A new parameter so-called zero forcing number Z(G) which is the minimum size of azero forcing set among all zero forcing sets of G. The maximum nullity M(G) of a graphG is to determine the largest nullity over all symmetric matrices whose (i, j)th entry,i 6= j, is nonzero when {i, j} are connected with an edge in G and is zero otherwise. The zero forcing number Z(G) is helpful to study the M(G). Indeed, it is shown that Z(G)is upper bound on M(G). We conclude this thesis by studying the maximum nullity of symmetric matrices that represent of trees with a fixed number of negative eigen values.

Chams El Houda Benguerfi Hayem, Fatiha Guerfi, Kahina Abbou

كلية العلوم الطبيعية والحياتية-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Notre étude effectuée au niveau du complexe agroalimentaire Cevital de Bejaia a pour but d’étudier l’interaction entre un emballage (contenant) et le produit emballé (contenu).Le polyéthylène (PET) est utilisé pour le conditionnement des différentes aliments en particulier les huiles végétales. L’évaluation de l’inertie de ce matériau plastique un contacte des denrées alimentaire est régie par des normes internationales telles que, le règlement européen N˚10/2011 qui permet d’assurer la sécurité sanitaire de matériau on contacte d’aliment.L’objectif de ce travail de recherche à discerner Les phénomènes d’interaction étudié en se basant sur la variation de masse des éprouvettes en PET, la variation des indices de qualités de l’huile végétale soja « Elio » action chimique de l’acide acétique et la détermination de taux de la matière volatils ainsi que le test d’absorption du polymère, L’infrarouge à transformée de Fourier ( IRTF) et la couleur les résultats d’analyses obtenus au cours du stockage de l’huile de soja « Elio » raffinée est conforme aux normes adaptées par l’entreprise.

سارة زروق, سعاد بوحنة, عبد الحميد بوكعباش

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة محمد الصديق بن يحيى - جيجل · الجزائر

وقد قرأ النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم القرآن بعدّة لهجات، وذلك تيسيرًا على الأمّة، وقد تلقّى الصحابة هذه القراءات عن النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، ونقلها التابعون عنهم، ونقلها أتباع التابعين لنا، الذين صاروا أئمة يقتدى بهم، فاشتهروا باسم القرّاء وتفرّقوا في كلّ من مكة والمدينة والكوفة ومصر والشام، ومن بين هؤلاء القرّاء نجد القارئ نافع المدني الذي تولّى إقراء النّاس القرآن الكريم بالمدينة المنورة، وقد أخذ عنه هذه القراءة راويان مشهوران هما "قالون"، و"ورش"، وقد تولّى هذا الأخير رياسة الإقراء بالمدينة بعد وفاة أستاذه نافع، فشاعت روايتهُ في ذلك الوقت بالمدينة، أمّا في الوقت الحالي فهي منتشرة في أقطار المغرب العربي، ومن هذا اخترنا أن تكون القراءات القرآنية واللّهجات العربيّة هي موضوع دراستنا، فكان بحثنا موسوم بـ: القراءات القرآنية وصلتها باللّهجات العربية _نماذج مختارة من القرآن الكريم_.