فاروق بن علال , محمد نواري, مصطفى صلاح

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة جيلالي ليابس – سيدي بلعباس · الجزائر

عبدالجليل مفتاح, عبدالوهاب أوراغ

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

لقد تطرقنا من خلال موضوع مذكرتنا لمرحلة تنفيذ الصفقة العمومية وإشكالاتها، حيث تعتبر هذه الأخيرة بمثابة العقبة التي تعيق تجسيد موضوع العقد على ارض الواقع وبالتالي التأثير على عملية التسليم والتقديم لما هو متفق عليه وقت إبرام الصفقة. فتناولنا في دراستنا لمبحث تمهيدي بينا فيه ماهية الصفقات العمومية حيث بدأنا أولا بتعريف الصفقة العمومية وأنواعها، بالإضافة إلى توضيح كيفيات إبرام الصفقات وهذا من اجل تبيان أهم المراحل التي تسبق عملية التنفيذ بعد ذلك خصصنا الفصل الأول من الدراسة لمرحلة التنفيذ وما هو مقرر فيها من سلطات بالنسبة للمصلحة المتعاقدة وما يتحمله المتعامل المتعاقد من التزامات وما يترتب عن ذلك من حقوق. آما الفصل الثاني ، فقد خصصناه لدراسة إشكالات مرحلة التنفيذ بدءا بأهم الإشكالات التي تنشا من طرفي الصفقة انتهاء بالإشكالات التي تنشا خارج إرادة طرفي الصفقة وذلك بالتركيز على القوة القاهرة.وأنهينا دراستنا بخاتمة ضمناها أهم النتائج والتوصيات المتوصل إليها.

Baqer Al-Ramadan, Mohammad A. Hassanain, حسن بن علي بن زين بلفقيه

جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Schools are a distinctive type of facilities that house a large number of occupants for the purpose of learning, dissemination of knowledge, and developing skills for life. However, a main problem facing today's architects is failure to accommodate the requirements of the 21st century's education in the 19th century's architecture. In Saudi Arabia, currently there exists a strong emphasis on testing, accountability, curriculum reform and teacher quality. However, there is little hard data to inform the debate about which aspects of school and facility design enhance learning and education. The objectives of this thesis are to identify the activity settings that are demanded by the evolving educational requirements, and to present the findings of a case study carried out to assess the capability of the public schools in Saudi Arabia in accommodating the identified activity settings. It also aims to develop series of design guidelines pertaining to the activity settings demanded in public school facilities. For the purpose of achieving these objectives, the research has identified various learning methods and their associated activities that are expected to last in the future and have the potentials to achieve the goals and objectives of education. Based on the identified learning methods, a conceptual structure for the physical environment of school composed of fifteen activity settings was proposed. A representative sample of public schools in Saudi Arabia was then assessed to investigate the extent of support for the proposed activity settings in the currently adapted school models. Based on the assessment results, and innovative school designs and research, a series of design guidelines were developed pertaining to each identified activity settings. The research presented in this thesis aims at to contribute to the efforts of translating the educational requirements into a responsive physical learning environment.

أيمن أحروز , عبد الكريم معمري , مفتاح عمارة

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

يلاحظ القارئ للقصيدة من الوهلة الاولى بساطة الكلمات و سهولة مفرداتها لكن عند الغوص بين المقاطع ينصدم بعمق المعنى حيث أن تلك الكلمات البسيطة تخفي رموزا يجب البحث فيها و فك شيفراتها للتوصل إلى المعنى والرسالة المراد تبليغها وللكشف عنها كانت السيمياء الخيار الأمثل لاكتشاف ما يحمله النص من معاني خفية لتلك الكلمات ولبيان أبعاده و خصائصه الفنية.

صادق خشاب, عمار ساسي

جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

سارة سليمان المبارك, محمد المبارك

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

Physicochemical properties of Acacia Senegal var Senegal gum purified by foaming and processed gum (ELNsr) samples were studied. The results showed that the moisture content, ash, nitrogen, protein, viscosity, specific optical rotation and pH were (10.74% and 10.86%), (3.84% and 3.55%), (0.25% and 0.27%), (2.35% and 2.30%), (14.5 cm3 g-1 and 14.8 cm3 g-1), (-33.61° and -30.75°) and (4.9 and 4.5)] respectively.The gum produced by foaming consists of arabinose (33%), rhamnose (13.5%) and galactose (37%). The total sugar contents reaches (83.5%). On other hand, the processed sample consists of arabinose (30.5%), rhamnose (11.5%) and galactose (35%). The total sugar contents reaches (77%).

Samraoui Boudjema, Bendada Meriem, Houmeur Zeyneb , Samraoui Farrah

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة وعلوم الأرض والكون-جامعة 8 ماي 1945 قالمة · الجزائر

Durant notre période d’étude qui s’est étalée du 22 Décembre 2015 au 15 Avril 2016, nous avons évalué l’intégrité écologique des eaux de Bouhamdane et ses affluents.L’inventaire des macroinvertébrés benthique dans les dix stations (Medjez amar, Hamam Debagh 1, Hamam Debagh 2, Bouhamdane 1, Bouhamdane 2, Bourdj sabath 1, Bourdj sabath 2, Bourdj sabath 3, Ain Regada, Ain Abid) a permis de constater qu’Oued Bouhamdane est très riche en espèces constitue de 28 taxons appartenant à quatre groupes qui sont : Invertébrés, Arthropodes, Vertébrés et les insectes aquatiques.Les analyses de la richesse et de la diversité ainsi que les indices biologique de diversité effectués sur les données obtenues montrent que les écosystèmes des eaux étudiées sont de qualité moyenne.

Sana Seifeddine Ad-Daoud

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

Ayesha Alam, Elke Gabriel Neumann, Shyam S. Kurup

كلية الزراعة والطب البيطري-جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة · الامارات

Public parks and gardens greatly contribute to the residential and touristic value of cities of the Gulf Region, but their maintenance is associated with high environmental and economic costs. The high potential evapotranspiration and summer temperatures greatly limit the choice of suitable landscaping plants, and light sandy soils with a high weed potential challenge the water management. The United Arab Emirates is characterized by a rapid urban development and population growth, resulting in increasing competition between green amenities and crop farming for irrigation water, cultivable land, and workforce. Various strategies and technologies have been proposed to increase the resource use efficiency of UAE’s urban greenery, such as the replacement of exotic with native xerophytic vegetation, amendment of the soil, water-saving irrigation practices, as well as the integration of crop production with ornamental plantations (‘foodscaping’). However, little is known about how such techniques could be integrated into existing landscape management concepts, and there is a need to comparatively assess resource-saving potential. For this purpose, two field experiments were conducted in public urban parks in the city of Al Ain, UAE, as part of the present dissertation. The first one tested the hypothesis that eight native and four exotic plant ornamental species for their performance under high (ET0), medium (1/3rd), low (1/2), and very low (1/4th) supplies with mineral fertilizer and irrigation water in the form of treated sewage effluent (TSE) that is generally supplied to public urban greenery in the emirates of Abu Dhabi. One year after establishment, the native plants provided a similar ornamental value with up to 70% reduced irrigation water expenditure compared with standard exotic plant stands. The native plants had a positive impact on the soil physical and chemical properties. The second field experiment tested the hypothesis that subsoil amendment in combination with water supply to the subsoil via deep pipes would increase the water use efficiency of ornamental plant stands. The results revealed that, irrespective of the water supply, the native plant species grew more biomass and tended to outcompete neighboring exotic plants when grown in mixed stands. The soil amendment and deep pipe irrigation had no impact on the plant performance, but deep pipe irrigation reduced the emergence of weeds. Based on literature research, site observations, and satellite image mapping, the present study also evaluated the potential contribution of foodscaping to Al Ain’s supply of fresh fruits and vegetables. Foodscaping is the introduction of edible crops into the landscapes for the elevation of aesthetics and food production. This study revealed that foodscaping could potentially contribute around 10% to the total fruit and vegetable consumption of urban residents, which is notable, given that the Gulf Region currently imports more than 90% of its food. For a preliminary assessment of risks pertaining to urban crop production, date fruits from palms growing along roads within and outside of Al Ain were sampled and analyzed for their element concentrations. The results revealed that some fruits grown near roads contained elevated levels of certain heavy metals, likely from atmospheric deposition. This study recommends investigating deeper insights into the atmospheric pollution in the edible harvest and taking necessary measures to keep the levels of heavy metals concentration within the standard range. Based on the results of the present study it is concluded that the water and fertilizer, resource-saving potential of alternative soil amendment or irrigation technologies for public urban greenery is rather low. A far greater potential seems to lie in a modification of the composition of urban landscape plantations. It is recommended that strategies for the integration of native plants and crops into urban gardens and parks are further developed. These would need to take differences in competitive strength between native and exotic plant species into account, as well as the potential contamination of plant material in the proximity of roads.

عبد القادر فنينخ , يسهام بقدور

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

ومن هنا نستنتج إن اللجوء للوسائل البديلة لحل النزاعات في عصرنا هذا أمرا ملحا وذلك لتلبية كثرة القضايا على الجهات القضائية والتي تعد هذه الجهات قادرة على التصدي لها بشكل منفرد وإن تطور المجتمع الجزائري في مختلف الميادين ولا سيما في التجارة والخدمات، وما نتج عن ذلك والحاجة إلى السرعة والفعالية في بث العلاقات نشأت الحاجة لوجود آليات قانونية يمكن للأطراف من خلالها حل خلافاتهم بشكل سريع وفعال مع منحهم مرونة وحرية لا تتوفر عادة في الجهات القضائية . بحيث تميز قانون الإجراءات المدنية والإدارية الجديد عن سابقه وعلى معظم قوانين الإجراءات في العالم العربي، وربما العالم بأسره بنصه على الطرق البديلة لحل الخلافات نظرا لتعقيد القواعد الإجرائية ووجوبية احترام الأشكال والميعاد يعرقل أكثر مما يفيد . لقد أدخل المشرع الجزائري في قانون الإجراءات المدنية والإدارية رقم 08/09 المؤرخ في 25 فيفري 2008 وسائل بديلة لحل الخلافات المتمثلة في الصلح والوساطة وعزز التحكيم بنصوص جديدة