علي حسين

الجامعة التكنولوجية · العراق

سميرة محمد, عائشة محمد

كلية التربية-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

بثينة عيسي سليمان, ممدوح شعبان دبس

كلية الآداب والعلوم الانسانية-جامعة دمشق · سوريا

Yasmine Ouargui , A. Meliani , F. Z.benrebiha , Fatima Ezohra Yasmine Larfi

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

غادة برسوم, غدير أحمد علي

كلية الشئون الدولية والسياسات العامة-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

NGOs have been in Egypt since the 19th century; they had different nature, forms and activities throughout their history. In the past decade, attention to NGOs operating in Egypt has been increasing, especially after Jan. 2011 uprising and the changing political realities since then. The way media has been covering NGOs has been controversial, characterized by changing trends. This study seeks to understand and analyze the perceptions of employees of NGOs about their representation in the Egyptian media. The study will look at the image produced and how this image affected the existence and ability of NGOs to perform their activities through qualitative in-depth interviews. The interviews are conducted with 12 employees in health, educational, sustainable development and human rights, with experience in the NGO sector for not less than 4 years. The analysis showed that the framing of NGOs is affected by many factors including the relationship between NGOs and media, the relationship between the media and the state, and the relationship between NGOs and the state. The analysis of the interviews showed that the Egyptian media regularly frames the NGO sector with a negative image. This framing occurs regardless of the ownership type of the media outlet and the nature of the different organizations in the sector. It also showed that there are trends in the coverage of NGOs that are usually associated with the political landscape in Egypt. All these findings were associated with affecting the nature and the ability of NGOs operating in Egypt, some NGOs were closing down, some other had to work from outside the country, and others have their activities.

Amel Derki, Manel Gori , Mouna Hezbri

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة الشهيد حمة لخضر - الوادي · الجزائر

This research investigates the relationship between U.S. immigration policies and the erosion of the American Dream. It aims to explore how the current changes in the United States’ foreign policies have affected its ideals, socio-economic opportunities, inclusivity and upward mobility in the light of the restrictiveness of immigration policies. Subsequently, it examines how current political decisions have contributed to the eradication of this symbol. On these premises, a mixed methods approach was employed to critically analyze the development of immigration policies from 2000 to 2022 and their impact on the American Dream. Moreover, the analysis incorporates the historical context of U.S. immigration, from early European migration to today’s diverse immigrant groups, to provide a deeper understanding of how immigration patterns have evolved over time. The study, whose findings reflect immigrants’ personal experiences and challenges as well as their opportunities through highlighting the measurable impact of stricter policies, yielded both qualitative and quantitative results. Subsequently, the former demonstrates how immigrants face emotional and social struggles navigating the system, while the latter shows significant declines in economic opportunities, employment access and upward mobility. Overall, this research contributes a comprehensive understanding of how restrictive immigration policies have significantly limited immigrants’ ability to achieve the American Dream

أسماء أيت علال, مصطفى بوعناني

كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - ظفر المهراز - فاس-جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبدالله - فاس · المغرب

Firdous Mohamed Ebrahem, Roibin Roibin

كلية الشريعة-الجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج · اندونيسيا

مستخلص البحث لقد جعل الاسلام العلاقة بين الزوجين طاهرة ومقدسة مفوضة الى حسن النية وطهارة الطوية، رغم وصاياه الجليلة في هذا الشأن، التي توقظ الضمائر، وترقق القلوب القاسية . بل حدد الإسلام لزوجين حدودا، ووضع اسسا، تنظم الحق والواجب لكلا الزوجين ، واما مشكلة البحث هي واجبات الزوجة تجاه زوجها شرعا التي جعلها الله واجبات شرعية ملزمة لها و ليس الأعراف لتي جعلت واجبات شرعية ملزمة لزوجة و إذا تخلفت عن فعلها تعاقب إما بالطلاق او الضرب او الإهانة اللفظية ، و اما اهداف البحث أرادت الباحثة أن يكون هذا البحث مرجعا ترجع إليه المرأة المسلمة المتزوجة او المقبلة على الزواج او لطلبة الذين يحتاجون بحثي كمرجع لهم في دراساتهم واما منهج البحث لقد اختارت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي أي الميداني فقد قامت الباحثة بمراسلة عينة البحث وطرحت عليهم الأسئلة المتعلقة بالبحث واما نتائج البحث استنتجت الباحثة ان النساء الليبيات من مدينة سبها ليس لهم المعرفة عن واجباتهن الشرعية ولا يفرقن بين الواجبات الحقيقية التي جعلها الله لهن في الشريعة الإسلامية و الأعراف التي أصبحت واجبات . ABSTRACT Islam has made a marriage relationship a sacred and holy relationship, and it is related to the sincerity of intent and sanctity of heart, accompanied with a noble message, which can raise human’s conscience and soften the rough heart. However, Islam has determined the boundaries for husband and wife, and has laid down the basics regulating the obligation and right for husband and wife. The research problems are the obligation of wife toward the husband as regulated in Islamic law that has been decided by Allah as a legal obligation for wives. It is not an Urf that turns into a legal regulation that must be carried out by wives. If the wife violates the regulation, she will be punished such as given a talak/divorce statement, gets beaten, or is humiliated verbally. This research is expected to be a reference for female Muslims who have been married or will get married, and for students who need this research as a reference for their study. The research method employed by the researcher is experimental method. The researcher conducted an interview with the research object and asked them several questions associated with the theme of this research. The results of this research indicate that Libyan women in Sabha City do not know their obligation that is regulated in Islamic law, and they do not differentiate the obligation determined by Allah over them and the Urf that has been obligatory components. ABSTRAK Islam telah menjadikan hubungan pernikahan sebagai hubungan yang suci dan sakral, dan hal itu bekaitan dengan ketulusan niat dan kesucian hati, disertai dengan pesan yang agung, yang dapat membangkitkan hati nurani dan melunakkan hati yang keras. Akan tetapi Islam telah menetapkan bagi suami istri batasan-batasan, dan meletakkan dasar-dasar yang mengatur hak dan kewajiban bagi suami dan istri. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah kewajiban istri terhadap suaminya dalam hukum Islam yang telah Allah jadikan kewajiban hukum yang melekat pada istri. Dan bukanlah sebuah Urf yang kemudian menjadi hukum yang harus dilakukan oleh istri. Jika istri melanggar aturan tersebut maka ia akan di hukum, baik dengan talak, dipukul atau di rendahkan secara verbal (dihina). Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah peneliti berharap agar penelitian ini menjadi referensi bagi wanita muslim yang telah menikah atau yang hendak menikah, dan mahasiswa yang membutuhkan penelitian ini sebagai referensi mereka dalam studi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode eksperimen. Peneliti melakukan interview dengan objek penelitian dan menanyakan kepada mereka beberapa pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan tema penelitian ini. Hasil penelitin ini menunjukkan bahwa wanita Libya di kota Sabha tidak mengetahui kewajiban mereka dalam hukum Islam, dan tidak membedakan antara kewajiban yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah atas mereka dengan Urf yang menjadi kewajiban.

بشيــر بن عيشي, ياسين بوبكر

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

The focus on "Demand chain" did not come haphazardly, but the human nature withthe changing of desires imposed that, firstly the production was capacity-based, "let'sproduce as much as we can" . Then the advertisement became the main tool to sell thegoods, and the salesman had bigger responsibility to use his self-skills to convince thecustomers to change their minds, After that and exactly in the sixties all above have notbeen enough any more, the final customer has become the head of production chain, andhis needs were the direct orders to restart and change what we may see in the market.The integration between the demand chain and the competitive advantage has becomethe axes of organizations, because the first competitor who give answers to the finalcustomers will shake their hands first, and this reaction is what we call the competitiveadvantage , and this exactly how organizations fight for their part in markets nowadays,The Internet service is renewable with fantastic developing, and the final customer here inAlgeria is looking forward to get those latest about it.

محمد زرقون, نسيمة سعيدي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

جامعة قاصدي مرباح - ورقلة -كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسييرقسم العلوم التجارية