Abdullah Malik Ibrahim, Imam Muslimin

كلية علوم التربية والتعليم-الجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج · اندونيسيا

مستخلص البحث ويتحقق التعليم الديني كوسيلة لتكوين الشخصية وفقا للإسلام. ولكن في الواقع, تعتبر المادة التربيية الإسلامية يعني الدرس ليس مهم أن في التطبيق قد لا ولدت الشخصية اللإسلامية للطلاب. في هذا السياق, يبدو أن الطلاب ذو الإحتياجات الخاصة في كثير الأحيان الحصول علي صيحات الاستهجان من أوجه القصور في ترقية القيم. وخصوصا فيمة الروحية الإسلامية. تعتبر استراتيجية المعلم الفصل في المادة التربية الإسلامية أهمية لإستيعاب قيم الدين الإسلامي على الطلاب ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة. بحيث تكون قادرة على العيش بشكل مستقل في المجتمع ويركز هذا البحث يعني 1) استراتيجية معلم الفصل في المدة التربية الإسلامية لترقية القيم الروحية للطلاب ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة في المدرسة الثانوية ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة سمبير درمي مالانق؟, 2) ما عوامل المدافعة و عوامل العائقة استراتيجية معلم الفصل في المدة التربية الإسلامية لترقية القيم الروحية للطلاب ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة في المدرسة الثانوية ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة سمبير درمي مالانق؟, وما هو الحل من هذه المشكلة؟ استخدمت هذه الدراسة المنهج الكيفي مع المنهج الوصفي. تقنية جمع البيانات المستخدمة (1) المقابلة, (2) المراقبة, (3) الوثائق. يتم تحديد المخبرين من خلال تقنية أخذ العيانات الهادفة. تحليل البيانات باستخدام تحليل نوعي وصفي من ثلاث مراحل: (1) تخفيض البيانات, (2) تقديم البيانات, (3) الإستنتاج. للتحقق من صحة البيانات والتحقق من المؤلف يستخدم أقرانه التثليث. استراتيجية التي تستخدم المعلم في عملية ترقية القيم الروحية الإسلامي للطلاب ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة تتم في مرحلة التخطيط والتنفيذ والتقييم. مرحلة التخطيط من المعلم يدرس السجلات الشخصية للطلاب وينفذ خدمات الأسرة. في مرحلة التنفيذ من المعلم باستخدام طريقة أسوة حسنة ، وطرق العرض والدرامية ، وتطبيق أسلوب التعود ، باستخدام طريقة مسراحية ، واستخدام الوسائل التعليمية قدر الإمكانات البصرية قدر الإمكان. بينما في مرحلة التقييم من المعلمين استخدام تقنيات الملاحظة وصحيفة مراقبة. العوامل المدافعة لاستراتيجية المعلم في عملية ترقية القيم الروحية الإسلامية وهي الاحتفال بأيام الإسلام الكبيرة، وحفلات العلم، والدعاء قبل وبعد بدء الدرس ، والدفاتر المدرسية الكافية ، ودعم جميع الأحزاب المدرسة والأسرة. في حين أن العوامل العائقة هي ناقص على المرافق الداعمة والبنى التحتية، وناقص كفاية مرافق الممارسة، وناقص كفاية المعلمين والموظفين التربويين. الحل هو تعظيم جميع المرافق والبنية التحتية الحالية للغرض المقصود ABSTRACT Islamic education is realized as a means for personal formation in accordance with Islam. But in fact, the PAI is considered is not the important subject so that in the implementation have not been able to create students who have an Islamic personality. In this context, children with special needs always get scorned for lack of in absorbing the values especially the spiritual value of Islamic religion. The strategy of class teachers in PAI subjects considered important to improve the spiritual values of Islamic religion in students with special needs so that they are able to live independently in the community. The focus of this research are: 1) How is the strategy of PAI teachers in improving the values of Spirituality of students with special needs in SMALB Sumber Dharma Malang?, 2) What are the factors supporting and obstructing PAI teacher strategy in improving the values of Spirituality of students with special needs in SMALB Sumber Dharma Malang ?, and how is the solution ?. This research uses the qualitative approach with descriptive method. Techniques of data collection using (1) interviews, (2) observation, (3) documentation. Informants are determined through purposive sampling techniques. While the data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis with three stages of analysis that is (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) withdrawal of conclusion. To check the validity of the data the author using triangulation and checking friends. The strategy used by teachers in the process of improving the spiritual values of Islamic Religion for children with special needs is done in the planning, implementation and evaluation phase. The planning stage of the teacher studies the students’ personal records, performs family services. In the implementation stage of the teacher using the uswatun hasanah method, demonstration, and dramatization methods, applying habituation method, using sociodrama method, and using teaching tool help as much visual instruction as possible. While in the evaluation stage of teachers using observation techniques and instrument observation sheet. Factors supporting the teacher’s strategy in the process of increasing the spiritual values of the Islamic religion that is to commemorate the big days of Islam, holding flag ceremonies, praying before and after the lesson begins, adequate textbooks, support of all parties school and guardian. While the obstacle factors are the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructures, inadequate practice facilities, inadequate educators and educational staff. The solution is to maximize all existing facilities and infrastructure for the expected goals ABSTRAK Pendidikan Agama direalisasikan sebagai sarana bagi pembutkan pribadi yang sesuai dengan keislaman. Namun kenyataanya, PAI dianggap pelajaran yang tidak penting sehingga dalam aplikasinya belum melahirkan siswa yang berkepribadian islami. Pada konteks ini, anak berkebutuhan khusus nampaknya sering mendapat cemoohan karena kekurangannya dalam menyerap nilai-nilai terutama nilai spiritual agam islam. Stretegi guru kelas dalam mata pelajaran PAI dirasa cukup penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai-nilai spiritual agama islam pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus, agar mereka mampu hidup secara mandiri di masyarakat. Fokus penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam meningkatkan nilai-nilai Spiritualitas siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SMALB Sumber Dharma Malang?, 2) Apa faktor pendorong dan penghambat strategi guru PAI dalam meningkatkan nilai-nilai Spiritualitas siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SMALB Sumber Dharma Malang?, Dan bagaimana solusinya?. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan (1) wawancara, (2) observasi, (3) dokumentasi. Informan ditentukan melalui teknik purpose sampling. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan tiga tahap analisis yaitu (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk pengecekan keabsahan data penulis menggunakan triangulasi dan pengecekan teman. Strategi yang digunakan oleh guru dalam proses peningkatan nilai-nilai spiritual Agama Islam bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus dilakukan pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Tahap perencanaan guru mempelajari catatan pribadi siswa, melakukan pelayanan keluarga. Pada tahap pelaksanaan guru menggunakan metode uswatun hasanah, metode demonstrasi dan dramatisasi, menerapkan metode pembiasaan, menggunakan metode sosiodrama, serta menggunakan alat bantu mengajar petunjuk visual sebanyak mungkin. Sedangkan pada tahap evaluasi guru menggunakan teknik observasi dan instrument lembar observasi. Faktor pendukung strategi guru dalam proses peningkatan nilai-nilai spiritual agama islam yaitu memperingati hari-hari besar Islam, mengadakan upacara bendera, berdoa sebelm dan sesudah pelajaran dimulai, buku-buku pelajaran yang memadai, dukungan semua pihak sekolah dan wali murid. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah minimnya sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung, fasilitas praktik yang kurang memadai, tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan yang belum memadai. Solusinya adalah memaksimalkan segala sarana dan prasarana yang ada demi tujuan yang diharapkan

Boualia fouzi, Ferrah amel, SR BENSAHLA

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

La atención es facultado de la mente humana tiene su propio funcionamiento,sus propios factores, fases e importancia .pero ansiedad afecta en la atencióncomo factor de aprendizaje.Es un problema que limita la imaginación y la emoción y el pensamiento de losestudiantes.A partir de todo eso nuestra problemática que queremos presentarla es el afectode la ansiedad en la atención como factor de aprendizaje.Nuestro investigación compuesto por 3 capítulos, en el primer capítulo nospresenta la ansiedad con sus tipos que son 4, también tratamos los estilos deaprendizaje y de enseñanza que son 6 estilos, además hemos hablado sobre laatención

سالم زاهية, لويزة بن سعيد, مسعودة دريزي

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

شيماء استغفار, ليلى العشعاشي

كلية الطب والصيدلة-جامعة محمد الخامس بالرباط · المغرب

Introduction: Le pneumothorax est définit par la présence d'air dans la cavité pleurale. L'objectif de notre étude rétrospective du pneumothorax spontanés au service de Pneumologie à l'hôpital Ibn Sina rabat (2009 -2011) est de déterminer le profil épidémiologique, clinique, radiologique, thérapeutique et évolutif ; Résultats : 138 patients: 128 hommes et10 femmes (17 à 83 ans), un âge moyen de 44,5 +/- 17.4 ans ; sexe ratio 12/8. Le tabagisme est noté chez 81,2 %. La symptomatologie clinique est la douleur thoracique (92 %), la dyspnée (60%.) Et sur la radiographie thoracique: on trouve un PNO unilatéral total (110 cas) ; partiel (10 cas) ; localisé (6 cas), bilatéral (4 cas); à droite dans 51,4% et à gauche dans 45,7 %. On a recensé 70 % de PSP et 30 % secondaire à (BPCO 44%, et tuberculose pulmonaire 39%). La prise en charge initiale est l'hospitalisation de tous les patients : le drainage thoracique (95%), L'exsufflation à l'aiguille (1%). Un repos et O2 (4%). Le retour du poumon à la paroi a été obtenu avant 10 jours chez 63%. L'évolution est favorable chez 89%. Et Les complications immédiates : l'emphysème sous cutané (7 cas) et une infection (6 cas) et 3 décès (arrêt cardio- respiratoire) ; Les complications à distance sont les récidives dans 11.6% ; une 1ère chez 13 cas (drainage 11cas et repos+O2 2cas) et une 2ème chez 3 cas (recours à la chirurgie). Conclusion: Ce travail montre l'intérêt du drainage thoracique et la surveillance dans la prise en charge du PNO pour éviter les complications et surtout les récidives avec un éventuel recours à la chirurgie.

إبراهيم عفيف إبراهيم مهنا, عبد الناصر عبد الرحمن القدومي, غسان حسين الحلو

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This study at identifying to determine the relationship between delegation of authority and effectiveness of taking decisions in the academic departments from the perspective of lecturers in the Palestinian universities. This is done by reaching the degree of delegation of authority and the degree of effectiveness of taking decisions by the various criteria in academic departments from the perspective of lecturers in Palestinian universities.The study attempted to answer some questions and test some hypotheses:- What is the degree of delegation of authority in academic departments from the perspective of the lecturers in the Palestinian universities?-What is the degree of effectiveness of taking decisions in academic departments from the perspective of the lecturers in the Palestinian universities?-There are no significant statistical differences at (α=0.05) between delegation of authority and effectiveness of taking decisions in academic departments from the perspective of the lecturers in the Palestinian universities.-There are no significant statistical differences at (α=0.05) between delegation of authority and effectiveness of taking decisions in academic departments from the perspective of the lecturers in the Palestinian universities attributed to the variables of gender, university, faculty, academic qualification, job classification ,and years of experience in teaching.The study’s society composed of all staff lecturers in the Palestinian universities of (Bethlehem University, Birzeit University, Hebron University, The Arab American University - Jenin, Jerusalem University - Abu Dis, And An Najah National University), The lecturers held PH.D or M.A degrees. The number of the study's society is (1710) for the year (2005/2006). The thesis' sample consisted of (370) members that represented approximately (21%) of the study's society. The study was chosen by using the stratified random sample method.Also, the researcher conducted his study by using the field descriptive method.In the process of collecting data, the researcher used two questionnaires:1-Delegation of authority questionnaire which consisted of (44) items,distributed by five criteria: decision making, professional development,status (position), self – efficacy, and impact.2-Effectiveness of taking decisions questionnaire which consisted of (34) items, distributed by three criteria: education responsibilities, and administration responsibilities, and the action of taking decisions process.Moreover, the researcher validated the study tool by presenting it to experts in the fields of educational administration and business administration, and to Arabic language professionals. In addition, he calculated the reliability coefficient for both questionnaires by using Alpha Chronbach.The researcher answered the questions of the thesis by using the following statistical processes: Mean value, Percentage value, Person Correlation Coefficient, Independent T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Scheffee Test.The study reached the following conclusions:-The degree of delegation authority in the academic departments from the perspective of lecturers in the Palestinian universities was very high; it was (82.2%).-The degree of effectiveness of taking decisions in the academic departments from the perspective of lecturers in the Palestinian universities was very high; it was (76%).-There was a positive relationship that was statistically significant at (α=0.05) between the delegation of authority and effectiveness of taking decisions.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in the delegation of authority between males and females, the difference leaning to males.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in the delegation of authority between PH.D and M.A holders, the difference leaning to PH.D holders.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in the delegation of authority in the criteria of taking decision and the total degree between academic education and academic administration; the difference leaning to academic administration.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in all the criteria and the total level in the delegation of authority in the criteria of experience in teaching from (5) years to (10) years and experience more than (10) years; the difference leaning to more than (10) years experience in teaching.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in the delegation of authority and effectiveness of taking decisions between humanities faculties and science faculties; the difference leaning to science faculties.-There were differences statistically significant at (α=0.05) in the effectiveness of taking decisions in educational responsibilities, and the action of tacking decisions process and the total degree of the effectivenessof taking decisions in between academic education and academic administration; the difference leaning to academic administration.According to the study findings the researcher recommends the following:-Giving more attention to the lecturers' scientific research projects because it is the responsibility of the university, mainly the academic departments.-Relating scientific projects and M.A and doctoral study to community issues.-Expanding the responsibilities of the academic departments' councils by participation in department budget allocation.-Giving more attention to the evaluation methods and studying the test results and analyzing them to improve educational careers and giving workers the opportunity to innovate and revise methods and ways.

ياسين قندوز, كريمة قلاعة, مولاي عمار عبد القادر

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية-جامعة غرداية · الجزائر

تبحث هذه الدراسة في أهمية العلاقات العامة داخل المؤسسات الثقافية، ودورها كعنصر أساسي في استمرار وتطور هذه المؤسسات من منظور البيئة الداخلية والخارجية والجمهور. كما تسلط الضوء على التراث الثقافي لمنطقة وادي ميزاب العريقة، مبرزةً دور "ديوان حماية سهل ميزاب" في الحفاظ على الآثار القديمة، ترميمها، والمحافظة على الموروث الثقافي مع تعزيز روح التعاون بين سكان القصور.

محمد علي الصليبي, ياسر داود سليمان منصور

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

After I have finished this invaluable thesis ( Tossing under the Islamic Law), I realized that this topic is a great help in solving many of the problems that people of different backgrounds face in their everyday life. Thus, a lot of work is needed to apply the rules of ( Tossing ) because of its value in stopping arguments and avoiding a lot of misunderstanding of many of the rules that is related to Islamic low . The main goals for Tossing rely completely on Satisfaction , Tustice , and getting the hearts filled with mercy and love for other people . These goals are the core of this great religion — Islam. Through my presentation of this subject I have concluded the following points :1. There is no objection what so ever for the use of (tossing) rules in Islam.2. The basis of tossing depends entirely on satisfaction , stopping any arguments and misunderstanding among people and finally the fulfillments of the hearts .3. Tossing is part of the Islamic Regulations as in giving the priority for certain people in leading of the five prayers , leading funeral prayers and the washing of the dead people .4. Tossing is used in marital matters as tossing between wives (who's going to be the first to sleep with) , and tossing between wives in travel , divorce and finally caring for young children.5. Tossing is used in matters that are related to babies born with unknown fathers and mothers.6. Tossing Is used in deciding whose of the religions men has the right to apply punishment.7. Tossing Is used in competitions. These are the main points that I have concluded in this study. Finally , I pray to Great God and ask him to make this study a useful resort for Moslems , and to accept it from me as a never-ending charity which will enable me (with God permission) to achieve good deeds in the Doomsday- Amin.

Dalal Mesbah, Kayssa Aksil, Slimane Guemdane

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

S’assurer un habitat n’est pas une facilité acquise et est souvent entouré d’une multitude de risques. De point de vue du développement économique : cela peut être un frein ou bien au contraire un dynamiseur de la vie économique et sociale. Dans les deux cas, il est certain que la branche immobilière est un déterminant stratégique des orientations socio-économiques des gouvernements des pays : il faut répondre au besoin vital en habitat d’une part et en tirer profit en stimulant la croissance économique et le développement des autres secteurs.Dès l’indépendance, l’État algérien a ressenti l’importance du secteur immobilier, mais aussi les prémisses d’une crise de logement imminente et une demande latente résultant du taux d’occupation par logement. La production du logement dépendait, jusqu’aux années 1980, des ressources financières et matérielles de l’État. Devant la persistance de la crise du logement, à partir des années 1990, les pouvoirs publics se fixent de nouveaux objectifs et adoptent une nouvelle stratégie, à travers la participation des banques dans les investissements immobiliers.L’objectif de notre recherche est donc de déterminer l’apport des banques et leur soutien à la politique promotionnelle du secteur de logement en Algérie, où nous nous sommes focaliser sur le cas de la CNEP Banque, en indiquant sont apport dans le marché immobilier algérien, les dispositifs du financement du logement mis en lace par cette banque, ainsi que les conditions permettant l’octroi d’un crédit immobilier au sein de la CNEP banque et les risques liés à ces opérations, comme la défaillance du dossier de la demande, l’incapacité de remboursement, les risques d’insolvabilité, etc.Ainsi, nous pouvons statuer que la Banque assurer alors le rôle de banque de l’habitat et permis de dynamiser le financement de ce secteur en proposant une gamme de crédits destinés au financement de l’immobilier. La CNEP Banque prend en considération, lors de l’étude et des calculs concernant un crédit immobilier, plusieurs formes de risques et garanties avant de pouvoir attribuer sa réponse sur le dossier du demandeur.

رشيد رمانى, سميحة خوالدي

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة العربي التبسي - تبسة · الجزائر

This study is concerned with the identification, analysis and classification of pronunciation errors at the level of the vowel sounds : /?/, /e/, /?/ and /e?/ made by third year students at the department of English, Larbi Ben M'hidi University. These errors are attributed to two major sources : the overgeneralisation of English pronunciation rules and the interference of the French vowel sound system. Accordingly, this research seeks to explore the extent to which these sources affect students' pronunciation of the target vowel sounds. To answer the study's questions, an error analysis on the pronunciation of the target vowel sounds is done. The fieldwork is conducted following a descriptive analytical method with a voice recorder to collect oral data. Analyses are carried out to fulfil the main purpose of this dissertation. The results establish valid evidence that the two pre-determined sources appear to affect learners' pronunciation at the level of the target vowel sounds to a considerable extent. The significance of this study flows from the fact that previous studies rarely tackled the pronunciation of these four vowel sounds : /?/, /e/, /?/ and /e?/. So, through this study awareness of those errors will be raised so that teachers will do something to lessen their occurences.

Yasmine Chine, H.S. Cherif , Meriem Kouici

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر