ابتهال جمعة يعقوب, مايك ديدمان

كلية العلوم الزراعية والبحرية-جامعة السلطان قابوس · عمان

In 2004, a severe infection by powdery mildew in peach trees occurred in different villages in Al Jabal Al Akhdar. The disease was recorded in previous seasons but in a very low incidence. This study was therefore conducted to investigate progress of the disease with time, distribution in five different villages and causal agents. The results from the first surveys in 2007 showed that first powdery mildew signs were reported in April after one month from leaf bud opening. The disease severity reached its peak in the period between May and June, followed by decline after that until they disappeared after August in all villages. Symptoms of powdery mildew started to appear on peach fruits in April, after fruit setting Throughout the growing season, small white colonies on the fruits enlarged gradually until a large portion of the fruits was covered. Generally, fruits produced during this season have very low marketable value because most are deformed with necrotic spots that lead to surfaces cracking. Low severity of powdery mildew was found in 2008 as compared to 2007. The average twig severity from April to August was between 0.5% and 1% in all villages except in Al-Aien. The fruits produced during the growing season 2008 were in good condition with high marketable value and by the end of June all fruits were harvested. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region (Internal Transcribed Spacers) of 22 isolates obtained from peach fruits and twigs indicated that all of isolates belong to one species Sphaerotheca pannosa. The isolates of S. pannosa from five different villages in Al Jabal Al Akhdar showed that all isolates have an identical sequence of ITS rDNA. Comparisons of ITS sequences of powdery mildew isolates from Oman with sequences of the ITS region deposited in GenBank (NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information ) showed 100% similarity to published sequences of Sphaerotheca pannosa (e.g. AF298543, AB022348, DQ139429) in many places around the world including Australia, Japan and Belgium. A representative ITS rDNA sequence of one S. pannosa isolate from this study was deposited in GenBank (NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information) under the accession number HM189673. The pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by using detached leaf assay and representative measurements of conidia confirmed that the sporulating fungus was Sphaerotheca pannosa.

Alaa Nasreldin Siddig Elhaj, Ali Sid Ahmed Mohammed Ali, Amged Kheiry Osman

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النيلين · السودان

.One of the issues of organizations responsible for radiation safety is the measurement of exposure to cosmic radiation on board aircraft. Air crew are exposed to high levels of galactic and solar cosmic ionizing radiation and is among the most exposed occupational groups to ionizing radiation. While it was recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) that air crew exposure to natural radiation in-flight should be considered as occupational exposure, the exposure of Sudanese flight crew to natural cosmic radiation is not controlled or routinely monitored. This study estimated the radiation dose of 23 flight routes received by crews of Sudanese airline members. This research is conducted using TLDs delivered to three members of airline crew (a captain and 2 cabin crew) for different flights; domestic and international flights, to estimate the average annual absorbed dose of airline crews in Sudan. TLDs are read after each flight. Data are collected for 23 flights. Our results showed that the estimated average annual dose for aircrew staff was 10.88, 10.58 and 9.8 msv for Captain, cabin crew1 and cabin crew2 respectively. A one fact that cosmic radiation is continuously bombarding the earth, which lead to the fact that airline members are continuously exposing to cosmic radiation, which make them occupationally exposed to radiation. Attention must be paid to airline members exposing to cosmic radiation by authorities Awareness of those involved in the field of aviation about the dangers of radiation. We recommend to do studies about the exposure of radiation on long-hale flights and the relationships of dose upon altitude, latitude and flight duration.

اسماعيل جابوربي, فاطمة الزهراء بن اعروبة

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

تهدف سلطة ضبط المحروقات إلى ضبط أنشطة قطاع المحروقات باعتباره قطاعا استراتيجيا للاقتصاد الوطني، حيث أنشئت بموجب قانون المحروقات رقم05-07 الملغى، إذ عدل مرتين سنة 2006 و2013، من أجل تحديد أعضاء هذه السلطة ومهامهم، وتدعى الوكالة الوطنية لمراقبة النشاطات وضبطها في مجال المحروقات "سلطة ضبط المحروقات". إذ وسعت صلاحيات سلطة ضبط المحروقات بموجب قانون المحروقات الجديد19-13 الذي حدد تنظيمها القانوني، باعتبارها سلطة مستقلة ضمانا لاحترام النصوص التنظيمية لحماية البيئة وسلامة الأشخاص ولاحترام القواعد الفنية لنشاطات المحروقات في مجال تحقيق الأمن الطاقوي الاستغلال الناجع للمحروقات والتنمية الاقتصادية، بما تتناسب مع التحولات الراهنة.

Zeyneb Belabbaci, Abdelmalek Bekkouche , سيدي محمد عيسى مأمون

كلية العلوم الهندسية-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

Le phénomène du gonflement des sols a été connu pour environ aussi longtemps que le domaine de la géotechnique a été pratiqué. Pendant que la construction croissait dans des régions arides et humides, les problèmes associés au gonflement et aux sols craintifs ont commencé à susciter plus d’attention, une qualité significative de recherche a commencé à se concentrer sur les sols expansifs). L’Algérie est pleinement concernée par le problème des argiles gonflantes qui sont présentes dans les différentes régions du pays. Le phénomène de gonflement affecte chaque année diverse types de structures (Bâtiments légers, chaussées, etc.…) causant des désordres considérables qui imposent des reprises en sous oeuvre très coûteuses et dont la réalisation n’est souvent pas maîtrisée.L’intérêt de notre contribution réside dans la valorisation des matériaux locaux, par une approche expérimentale de stabilisation vis a vis de gonflement (pression et amplitude).il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’apport de lait de chaux ainsi le KCl et le MgCl2 dans le domaineLes résultats obtenus sur les échantillons provenant de Tlemcen ont permis de constater que la stabilisation par l’ajout de lait de chaux modifie les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du sol et la résistance de compression et donne des résultats tout à fait satisfaisants en réduisant considérablement le phénomène de gonflement. L’influence des solutions salines , leurs concentrations, leur valences et tailles sur l’amplitude de gonflement a été très significative.

Hanene Cherait, Nora Bounour Zeghida

كلية علوم المهندس-جامعة باجي مختار - عنابة · الجزائر

Abdelhak Djerioui , Chahinaz Zoubeidi , Salah Eddine Benras

كلية المحروقات والطاقات المتجددة وعلوم الارض والكون-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

La pollution issue des activités industrielles, notamment pétrolières et mécaniques, représente une menace environnementale croissante, se traduisant principalement par le rejet de liquides huileux et d’eaux contaminées sans traitement adéquat. Face à cette problématique, le recours aux énergies renouvelables, en particulier l’énergie solaire, s’impose comme une solution stratégique pour un traitement durable de ces déchets. Cette étude présente un système thermique solaire à concentration utilisant un concentrateur solaire concave à air pour focaliser le rayonnement solaire en un point focal thermique, permettant de chauffer les liquides contaminés et d’activer des processus physiques tels que l’évaporation ou la séparation thermique. Le système intègre des dispositifs de mesure électroniques et un contrôle intelligent basé sur un microcontrôleur Arduino, régulant le débit et les vannes selon les relevés de température et de pression, assurant ainsi une opération automatique et sécurisée. Des tests expérimentaux en conditions réelles ont démontré la réactivité du système aux variations de l’ensoleillement et sa capacité à générer un différentiel thermique efficace pour un véritable traitement thermique. Les résultats confirment l’applicabilité industrielle de ce système, notamment dans les régions à fort rayonnement solaire, et ouvrent des perspectives d’amélioration technique. Ce travail contribue à la transition vers un développement durable grâce à une solution innovante, économique et respectueuse de l’environnement.

بدر الدين الميموني, محمد عدنان الوارطيطي

كلية الطب والصيدلة-جامعة محمد الخامس بالرباط · المغرب

علي القبلاوي , فاطيمة خليل الحمادي

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة · الامارات

The efficacy of solarization in weed control under field conditions of the united Arabs Emirates (UAE} was evaluated by conducting field experiments in a farm near Al-Ain. The soil of the farm was artificially infested with seeds of the following weeds: Amaranthus viridus , A. hybridus , Cenchrus ciliaris , Chenopodium murale , Launea mucronata , Malva parviflora , Capsella bursa-pastoris , Echinochloa colona , Portulaca oleracea , and Melilotus indica . The soil was plowed, rotovated to provide a smooth surface and divided into 12 raised plots, 10 x 1 m each: seven were solarized and five non-solarized. Soils were solarized with 75 mum transparent polyethylene sheets for a period of two months (June 10 to August 10, 2003). Soil samples were collected after soil solarization and analyzed for major macro- and micro-nutrients. After solarization, cabbage seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots on October 5, 2003-; with minimum soil disturbance, according to the standard methods of cabbage cultivation. The effect of solarization on weed disinfestation was determined by collecting the available weeds in both the solarized and non-solarized plots after 60 days of cabbage transplantation (15 days before the final harvesting of cabbage). Different weedy species were separated, counted and their dry weights were estimated. The effect of soil solarization on cabbage yield was evaluated by estimating the average head weight and total fresh weight of cabbage per acre. The results indicated that population density and dry weight of most of the recorded weedy species were significantly affected by soil solarization. L. mucronata , C. bursa-pastoris and E. colona were completely absent in the solarized plots, indicating that these species are most sensitive to the solarization process. Out of the total 10-recorded species, the densities of seven species and dry weights of five species were significantly lower in the solarized plots as compared to the control. Solarization did not significantly affect frequency of occurrence, population density and the dry weight of P. oleracea and dry weight and frequency of occurrence of M. indica , indicating that these species are more resistant to solarization than the other species. Solarization for a period of two months did not affect the concentrations of potassium, sodium and phosphorus, but significantly increased the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, nitrate and sulfate. In addition, solarization significantly increased the levels of some micro-nutrients, such as cupper, iron and zinc. Solarization increased the average yield of cabbage from 7443 kg/acre in non-solarized plots to 8857 kg/acre in solarized plots (about 19% increase). Similarly, the average head weight of cabbage increased by about 32% than that of the control. Five experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effect of (1) differential response of different weeds to solarization (2) plastic types and thicknesses, (3) soil amendments, (4) seed age and (5) seed source on the efficiency of soil solarization. The last four experiments were conducted using seeds of P. oleracea . The experiments were conducted during the hottest period of the year from June 10 to July 25, 2003 in a private farm near AI-Ain, UAE. Seeds were cleaned and placed into 4cm x 6cm mesh bags. The differential response in seed germination of different species to solarization process was assessed for seeds of three winter weedy species buried at three depths for different durations. These are Echinochloa cruss galli , Capsella bursa-pastor and Echinochloa colona . The results indicated that soil solarization resulted in a complete deterioration in the seed germination of E. cruss galli and C. bursa-pastor after 15 days of solarization at all depths (2.5 cm - 15 cm). This indicates that seeds of the two species are very sensitive to the solarization process even after short period and at a deeper depths of soils. For E. colona , 15 days of solarization resulted in complete inhibition for germination for seeds buried at soil surface, but seeds buried at 7.5 cm and 15 cm germinated to 37% and 56.4%, respectively. After 30 days of solarization, all the seeds were killed at the different depths of the soil. The overall results of this experiment indicates that the seeds of the three studied species are relatively more sensitive to solarization process than seeds of the summer annual P. oleracea . The efficacy of using different polyethylene colors and thicknesses of polyethylene sheets on seed viability of P. oleracea was evaluated through the estimation of final germination percentage and germination rate. This species is often used as an indicator species, such that its control with solarization usually often result in control of most weed species. Fresh seeds of P. oleracea were buried in the soil at 2.5 cm and 15cm depths for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. The used polyethylene colors and thicknesses were: 120µm opaque black, 50 mum transparent (thin), 75 mum transparent (medium) and 150 mum transparent (thick). The results showed that the most effective sheets in suppressing seed germination were the thin and medium thicknesses of the transparent sheets. The deterioration in seed viability increased with the increase in solarization duration and this was more pronounced in thin transparent plastic than in thick transparent and black sheets. Based on the results, it is strongly recommend using the thin or medium thicknesses of transparent sheets instead of black sheets, which are regularly used in UAE. The effect of soil amendments prior to solarization on increasing the efficiency of this technique in controlling P. oleracea weed was evaluated by burying fresh seeds at 2.5 cm and 15 cm depths in soil amended with organic manure and plant residuals. Seed viability was assessed by calculating final germination percentage and germination rate after 15, 30 and 45 days of solarization. Results indicated that soil amendments, especially organic manure, were efficient enough to inhibit germination of P. oleracea seeds at 2.5 cm after 45 days of solarization. However, the amendments did not improve the efficiency of solarization to reduce viability of seeds buried at the lower depth (15 cm). In fact, plant residues protected the seeds at 15 cm from deterioration, as compared to organic manure and non-amended solarized plots. The germination rate was significantly slower for plots amended with manure (30), as compared with those amended with plant residues (36) and non-amended plots (39). The differential response of seeds with different ages to solarization process was evaluated by comparing its efficiency on fresh and stored seeds of P. oleracea buried at two depths for different durations. The results showed that the efficiency of soil solarization on deteriorating stored seeds was significantly greater than that of fresh seeds. Final germination percentage and germination rates were lower for stored seeds as compared to fresh seeds. The effect of solarization process on seed source, where seeds developed and matured, was evaluated by comparing the efficiency of this technique on viability of stored seeds of P. oleracea collected from UAE, Egypt and Canada. Seeds from UAE population were more resistant to solarization than seeds from both Egyptian and Canadian populations. The overall germination of seeds from Canadian, Egyptian and Emirates populations decreased from 30%, 22.3% and 37.5%, respectively, after 15 days of solarization to 10.4%, 10.6 and 19.7% after 45 days. The positive effects of soil solarization, confirmed in the present study, on the yield and quality of cabbage, on most of the essential macro- and micro-nutrients in the soil and its efficiency in controlling weeds reveal the advantages of the technique as an alternative to soil fumigants, which are commonly in use to control most soilborne pests and weeds. Being an environmentally free technique, solarization will assume a predominant role in the future as a soil disinfestation method, particularly in the Arab Gulf region as it receives higher intensity of solar radiation for longer periods, compared to other regions of the world. In UAB, farmers leave their farms during summer uncultivated because of the extremely high temperature at that time. During summer, mulching the soil with transparent polyethylene sheets would be an effective, economical and acceptable method by farmers. This environmentally friendly method is simple, safe, involves no phytotoxicity or pesticide residues and does not require sophisticated mechanisms to app

أميرة نادية بوفريوة, زهرة سعادة, محمودي قادة

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

من خلال اعداد هذا البحث حاولنا توضيح المفهوم العام للبصمة وتبين لنا الدراسة ان المعنى اللغوي للبصمة الوراثية وشرحنا مفهومها الاصطلاحي وبينا انواع البصمات التي تنقسم الى بصمات تقليدية واخرى مستحدثة، كما تطرقنا للخصائص التي تتمتع بها البصمة الوراثية في الاثبات واهميتها التي تتمثل في توفير الجهد والوقت البشري في المجال الجنائي.

كريمة زيدان, علي زيان محند واعمر

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إبرازمساهمة التسويق الرقمي في تنمية العلاقة مع الزبون من خلال القيمة المدركة، فالتسويق الحديث اليوم هو تسويق قائم على القيمة، فرضا الزبونيتوقف على مقارنة الفوائد المحصل عليها من المنتج وما قدمه من تكاليف،حتى أن مفهوم القيمة في حد ذاته أصبح أكثر توسعا ليشمل فوائد وتكاليف متعلقة بالجانب العلاقاتي أو العاطفيبهدف كسب ثقة الزبون وولائه باعتبار أن تسويق العلاقة يقوم على الثقة والالتزام.تعتبر هذه الدراسة أن التسويق الرقمي هو الجانب الذي يدركه الزبون من التسويق الالكتروني وهو بمثابة نافذة التواصل والحوار المستمر معه من خلال أدواته المتمثلة في الموقع والبريد الإلكتروني، الاعلان عبر الانترنت وعبر محركات البحث، وسائل الاعلام الاجتماعية والتسويق عبر الهاتف؛ ويلعب التسويق الرقمي دورا هاما في تقوية العلاقة مع الزبون من خلال تقديم أدوات جديدة لإدارة العلاقة مع الزبون وتطويرها والتي أبرزها إدارة العلاقة عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وعبر الهاتف، الشيء الذي يساعد في زيادة تخصيص العروض ومعرفة الزبون وإعطائه فرصة للتفاعل مع المؤسسة ولإعطاء آرائه واقتراحاته، كما يساهم التسويقالرقمي في تفعيل معادلة القيمة المدركة، حيث أنه يوفر العديد من المنافع المتعلقة بالمنتج من جهة وبالعلاقة مع الزبون من جهة أخرى خاصة عن طريق سهولة التعامل مع الآلة وتجنب التعامل مع مقدمي الخدمات، إضافة إلى إعطاء الزبون تجربة ممتعة عبر الأدوات المختلفة المتكاملة فيما بينها، وهذا كله ما يساعد في زيادة رضا الزبون وثقته تجاه المؤسسة وبالتالي يزيد من ولائه.ومن خلال دراسة ميدانية لعينة من زبائن متعاملي الهاتف النقال في الجزائر تم التوصل إلى أن الزبائن لديهم فعلا أراء ايجابية نحو استخدام أدوات التسويق الرقمي لمتعامليهم، كما أنها تؤثر في القيمة المدركة لهم، حيث تساعد في توفير العديد من الفوائد وتجنبهم العديد من التكاليف سواء ما تعلق منها بالخدمة في حد ذاتها أو بالعلاقة مع المؤسسة، كما تبين أن هذه القيمة المدركة من التسويق الرقمي تساهم في زيادة رضا الزبائن وثقتهم فيمتعامليهم، الشيء الذي أسهم ولو بصفة متوسطة في زيادة ولائهم؛ كما تبين أن الخصائص الديمغرافية لأفراد العينة والمتمثلة في الجنس، المستوى التعليمي ودرجة بعدهم عن الوكالة التجارية لمتعامليهم تؤثر في مدى استخدامهم للأداوت الرقمية وفي إدراكهم للفوائد والتكاليف منها، كما أنها تؤثر في علاقتهم بمتعامليهم.