Mouloud Abdenour, Mouloud Boubekeur

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية والإدارة-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Le thème du financement bancaire des activités agricoles en Algérie est encore très embryonnaire et il existe peu d'analyses fines des changements importants opérés aux cours de ces vingt dernières années.

علي عطية عبد الكرعاوي, مشرق محمد مجول الجبوري

كلية التربية الاساسية-جامعة بابل · العراق

تلخصت مشكلة البحث بسؤالين :- ما واقع برنامج إعداد المعلم في كليات التربية الأساسية في ضوء معايير EI- UNESCO في العراق ؟- ما البرنامج المقترح تصميمه لتطوير برنامج إعداد المعلم في كليات التربية الأساسية في ضوء نتائج التقييم؟وهدف هذا البحث إلى:1. تقييم برنامج إعداد المعلم في كلية التربية الأساسية على وفق معايير EI-UNESCO في العراق.2. تصميم برنامج مقترح لإعداد المعلم في كلية التربية الأساسية في ضوء نتائج التقييم. و تحدد البحث الحالي : بكليات التربية الأساسية بالجامعات العراقية وأعضاء هيئة التدريس وطلبة المرحلة الرابعة في كليات التربية الأساسية بالجامعات العراقية للعام الدراسي 2022_2023 . واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي – التحليلي ،وتَأَلَّفَتْ عَيِّنَةُ البحث الأساسية من أعضاء هيئة التدريس ، إذ بلغ عددهم (275) تدريسياً وتدريسيةً، وطلبة المرحلة الرابعة في كليتي التربية الاساسية بجامعة بابل والكوفة ، إذ بلغ عددهم (400) طالباً وطالبةً. واستخدم البَاحِثُ الاستبانة لتقييم برنامج إعداد المعلم في كلية التربية الأساسية على وفق معايير EI-UNESCO العالمية، اذ بلغت عدد مؤشراتها النهائية (175) مؤشراً موزعة على (27) معياراً رئيساًولغرض استخراج النتائج استخدم الحقيبة الإحصائية (spss ).اما أبرز النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث فهي ما يأتي:إن جميع مجالات معايير(EI-UNESCO) لجوانب البرنامج الرئيسة قد حصلت على التقييم متوسط وهذا يعني انها غير مطبقة في برنامج اعداد المعلم في كلية التربية الأساسية إذ:- حصل جانب (المدخلات) مستوى تطبيق متوسط مما يدل على ان المجال لم يحقق النسبة المحكية- وحصل جانب (العمليات ) مستوى تطبيق متوسط مما يدل على ان المجال لم يحقق النسبة المحكية- حصل مجال (المخرجات) مستوى تطبيق متوسط مما يدل على ان المجال لم يحقق النسبة المحكية وفي ضوء النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث، استنتج الباحث عدداً من الاستنتاجات منها:- إنّ برنامج إعداد المعلم في كليات التربية الأساسية غير محقق للمستوى المطلوب في تطبيق معايير (EI- UNESCO) ولجميع جوانب البرنامج .في ضوء نتائج البحث يوصي الباحث بما يأتي:- اعتماد معايير(EI-UNESCO) للحصول على أفضل نتائج من حيث نوعية المعلمين المواكبين للتطورات وبجميع التخصصات العلمية والإنسانية.استكمالا للبحث الحاليّ يقترح الباحث ما يأتي:- إجراء دراسة مماثلة للدراسة الحالية للتعرف بواقع إعداد معلمي بحسب التخصص في كليات التربية الأساسية في ضوء معايير EI-UNESCOالعالمية.

Rashed Al-Sa`ed , Abdulhamid O. Abuzarour

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة بيرزيت · فلسطين

The Palestinian communities face critical development challenges due to limited access to available water resources, increased population and rapid industrial growth, exacerbated by the regional political instability. Despite the strategic position of Palestine which has four aquifers underground and acceptable rainfall rates, the Palestinian water consumption in the West Bank is about 80 L/C/D, half the water consumption of ordinary people worldwide declared by WHO. As in other Mediterranean countries, the Palestinian industrial sector is the second largest water consumer besides agriculture. In the West Bank, the ready-mixed concrete industry in Nablus City consumes between 800 and 1000 m3 of fresh water daily. Consequently, the water deficit in Nablus City is around 14,000 m3 daily. This shortage in water consumption is also due to the Israeli Occupation Government which takes about 80% of water resources in Palestine. In the same context, the Nablus-West Wastewater Treatment Plant (Nablus-West WWTP) produces about 5.6 MCM annually of Recycled Water (RW) with no large-scale water reuse schemes established until now. To the best of our knowledge, published literature entails a research gap in science-based knowledge on key engineering and scientific aspects of RW use in the cement industry. This research study conducted an experimental study to examine the efficiency of Tertiary Treated Wastewater (TTW) after the Disk filtration and UV unit at the Nablus Wastewater Treatment plant combined with variable percentages of Calcium Hydroxide content, replacing cement, for the production of ready-mixed concrete specimens. In addition, this research assessed the durability of concrete specimens by testing concrete's physical and mechanical properties in the short and long-term periods. The results show that mixing TTW with 2% Calcium Hydroxide weight instead of cement can enhance the compressive strength property of concrete specimens over 180 days of testing. However, excessive cement replacement with Calcium Hydroxide with more than 10% negatively affects the concrete mix and deteriorates the compressive and flexural strengths by 25%. From the flexural point of view, there is no consistency in the tension results in TTW 5% and TTW 10% mixtures due to the sensitivity of concrete to the tension load. vi The results of density, slump, and the air content tests showed that no harmful effect appeared when increasing the amount of Calcium Hydroxide weight from 2% to 10% instead of cement. In the same context of physical tests, this research study noticed a remarkable jump in water absorption results by 20% when increasing the amount of Calcium Hydroxide content which correlated directly with the compressive strength drop using the regression analysis procedure. Finally, these results are useful for concrete factories to minimise the excessive use of fresh water and start reusing the TTW with 2% Calcium Hydroxide as an optimum value.

Ahmed Hameed Ubeid, Hana'a Abbass Suleiman Ali , Zeydan Khalaf Omar

كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية-جامعة الأنبار · العراق

This study investigates one of the cultural and linguistic phenomena which is found in many societies. This phenomenon is taboo words and uses of offensive language in everyday speech. Taboo is the use of words that cause embarrassment and shameful to the hearer when said. This phenomenon is a form of vulgar and slang variety of language. Taboo words are part of every culture and language and individuals at certain points in their life encounter taboo words. Sociolinguistics is the field that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live, since sociolinguistics studies how culture and society are reflected in language. The role played by social taboos in language behaviour is something that falls within the scope of sociolinguistics. This study investigates the use of taboo words by Iraqi Arabic and English speakers and how taboo words are conditioned by the social context in which they are used and the socio-culturalfactors affecting their use. Taboo language refers to words which people may not use without causing offence, because they refer to acts, objects, or relationships which are widely felt to be embarrassing, distasteful, or harmful.Verbal taboos are usually related to sex, the supernatural, excretion, and death, but in some cultures they extend to other aspects of domestic life (such as in- laws, private names, and certain animals). Taboo language is not limited to obscenity, sacred language can also be tabooed. Moreover, it has been shown that social taboos and negative connotation are responsible for what are called 'euphemism' roughly, good or indirect terms for bad ortabooed things. This study aims at conducting a sociolinguistic study of tabooI X language in conversations produced by speakers in Iraqi Arabic and English society to examine the differences and similarities in the causes and ways of using taboo language. These words were selected from different conversations in the Iraqi society. While in English society, they were selected from different movies.This study falls into five chapters: Chapter One is an introduction specifying the nature of the problem, aims of the study, hypotheses, limits,methodology and value of the study. Chapter Two is devoted to the theoretical background concerning sociolinguistics, language and culture. It involves the main topics related to the main subject of taboo such as various definitions of sociolinguistics, language and culture, language variations,mixture of varieties, speech community, language and thought, standard language and components of sociolinguistics. This chapter ends with a cross cultural communication section focusing on how people in different countries behave, communicate and perceive language. Chapter Three gives perspectives on the offensive language in English and Iraqi Arabic and types of taboos. It gives some previous studies of taboos and gives an idea about the terms politeness and impoliteness as adopted by Brown &Levinson(1978,1987) and Culpeper (1996) in the theory of the face. It shows the main topic in this thesis which is taboo and gives various definitions and euphemisms for different taboo words. This chapter also gives an idea about the two models and their divisions that the researcher adopts in analyzing data. Chapter Four deals with twenty conversations in English society from different movies and twenty conversations and their translations in the Iraqi Arabic society. This chapter presents the analysis of taboo words in those conversations by adopting the two models. Finally, Chapter Five shows Conclusions which contain some similarities and differences between those societies, Recommendations and some suggestions for future research.

Reem Mohamad Mtierek, Faraj Al Awar

كلية الزراعة والعلوم الغذائية-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

The problem of optimal allocation of a limited water supply for irrigation of several crops, grown in the same area, is addressed. Both intraseasonal and interseasonal competition for water between crops are considered. The specific objectives of this stu

أبمن حسين محمد ضيف الله, سائد زيود, سماح الجابي

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

Background: Pain after therapy is an important clinical problem in breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, patients with cancer have a lower quality of life due to undertreatment of post-treatment pain; therefore, improving medication management plans and palliative care became one of the most important targets of cancer therapy. Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the impact of posttreatment pain (pain severity and interference) on medication satisfaction in patients with various stages of breast cancer in Palestine. Methods: A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Watani Hospital and An-Najah National University Hospital in the Nablus area. Using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the intensity and interference of pain will be evaluated. Patients’ satisfaction with cancer management medications will be measured using the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM). Results: Two hundred and fifty-four patients were included in this study. All were women, with a mean ± SD age of 53.1 ± 10.7 years. Patient satisfaction with medication reported was measured using the median scores of 4 domains (Effectiveness satisfaction 61.0 [50.0-72.2], Side effects satisfaction 59.4 [31.3-100.0], Convenience satisfaction 66.7 [61.1-77.8] and Global satisfaction 64.3 [50.0-78.6]). There were significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) between pain severity and effectiveness interference (r = -0.258, -0.319, respectively), side effects (r = -0.414, -0.514, respectively), convenience (r = -0.274, -0.307, respectively), and global satisfaction domain scores (r = -0.293, -0.287, respectively). The regression analysis results indicated an independent association between chemotherapy use and a higher global satisfaction score (p = 0.011). Also, lower pain interference score (p = 0.01) and patients without side effects (p = 0.47) were independently associated with higher Effectiveness satisfaction scores. Finally, lower pain interference scores (p < 0.001), patients without post-treatment pain (p = 0.034), and patients without side effects were independently associated with higher side effects satisfaction scores. There were significant positive correlations indicated between global satisfaction score and the use of cyclophosphamide (p =0.018), between effectiveness satisfaction score and the use of (p = 0.035), and between convenience satiasfaction score and the use of tamoxifen (p = 0.038). There were significant negative correlations between convenience satisfaction score and the use of adriamycin (p = 0.005), docetaxel (p = 0.008), capeciatabine (p = 0.022), gemcitabine (p = 0.026), and trastuzumab (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Patients with posttreatment pain, side effects, and greater pain interference with their functioning had lower satisfaction scores. Therefore, better management of their treatment medications, side effects, and pain medications is recommended to enhance their satisfaction and quality of life.

امل حسن احمد, بهاء الدين خالد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

Back ground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global public health problem. MRSA strains are frequently resistant to different class of antibiotics. Multi drug resistance among MRSA is a matter of concern for professional health workers worldwide. Therefore, an accurate detection of MRSA in microbiology laboratory is essential and of high value for patient management and epidemiological purpose including hospital infection control. The present study was undertaken to compare various phenotypic methods including antimicrobial resistance tests (oxacillin disc diffusion, Cefoxitin disc diffusion and E-test Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) oxacillin for detection of MRSA), comparing to the Genotypic methods by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique as gold standard method.Materials and Methods: One hundred strains of S. aureus clinical isolates were used in the study. PCR for the presence or absence of the mecA gene and routine antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed including oxacillin (1µg), Cefoxitin (30µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Erythromycin (15µg), Cefotaxime (30µg), E-test MIC oxacillin. All the isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility testing using kirby bauer disc diffusion method against a predefined panel of antimicrobials, and interpretation was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of the 100 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, 40 mecA gene positive and 60 mecA gene negative by PCR. Cefoxitin (30µg) disc diffusion test showed 97.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity while Oxacillin (1µg) disc diffusion test showed 92.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The resistance percentage of MRSA isolate to Amoxicillin (25µg), Erythromycin (15µg), and Cefotaxime (30µg) was 92.5%, 82.5%, 90% respectively. E-test MIC oxacillin showed 92.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity.Conclusion: Results of Cefoxitin disc diffusion test is in concordance with the PCR for mecA gene. Thus, the test can be an alternative to PCR for detection of MRSA in resource constraint settings.

هدى صحيح, يحيى شراح

كلية الطب والصيدلة-جامعة محمد الخامس بالرباط · المغرب

Naânaâ Ammara, Nesrine Ameur, Yasmina Hammache , Yuva Bellik

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة وعلوم الأرض والكون-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

La présent travail s’intéresse à l’étude des propriétés antimicrobiennes des huiles essentielles de l’armoise blanche (Artemisia herba alba) et du romarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) de la région de Bordj Bou Arreridj.L’étude de l’activité antibactérienne a été réalisée par la méthode de diffusion sur milieu gélosé à l’égard des bactéries à Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus) et à Gram négatif (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli). Les résultats montrent que les huiles essentielles étudiées possèdent un important effet antibactérien. L’évaluation du pouvoir antifongique de ces mêmes huiles essentielles a révélé une bonne activité antifongique avec une inhibition complète à des concentrations de 1% et de 0.5% .De cette étude, nous pouvons retenir que les huiles essentielles d’Artemisia herba alba et de Rosmarinus officinalis, par leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes, peuvent être utiliser en tant qu’agent thérapeutique ou dans le secteur agroalimentaire

سليم حمي , محمد الطاهر طعبلي

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية-جامعة الجزائر 2 - أبو القاسم سعد الله · الجزائر

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر التعلم البنائي الاجتماعي في تنمية التفكير الرياضي في مادة الرياضيات لدى تلاميذ السنة الثانية متوسط بولاية الوادي. كما حاولت الدراسة التحقق من الفروق بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في القياس البعدي في كل مهارة التفكير الرياضي والمتمثلة في مهارة الاستنتاج، الاستقراء والتعميم والترميز والنمذجة والتخمين والبرهان الرياضي.‏استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي، حيث طبق اختبار مهارات التفكير الرياضي كاختبار قبلي على مجموعتي الدراسة لتتأكد من تكافؤهما، وكاختبار بعدي بعد تنفيذ التجربة، للإجابة على أسئلة الدراسة، وتم استخدام اختبار (ت) لعينتن مستقلتين، ومربع "إيتا" لقياس حجم تأثير التعلم البنائي الاجتماعي على تنمية التفكير الرياضي. وبعد التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات أسفرت الدراسة على وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى0.01 بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في القياس البعدي لمهارات التفكير الرياضي لدى تلاميذ القسم الثاني المتوسط لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.