أمينة بوعريسة, لحلو بخاري

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

Tabet-Aoul Mohamed Kébir , Benhabib Abderrezak

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

Les entreprises à la recherche d’un lieu de localisation territorial sont sensibles à plusieurs facteurs,objectifs et subjectifs, leur permettant de détenir un avantage concurrentiel. De ce fait, les territoiresdeviennent en situation concurrentielle afin d’attirer les entreprises.Dans ce cadre, le marketing est apparu comme un moyen permettant aux acteurs territoriaux d’identifierleur territoire, connaître les besoins des investisseurs, et comprendre leurs motivations, ce qui leurpermettra de concevoir une stratégie dans laquelle sont intégrés les outils et la démarche marketing dansle but d’attirer les investisseurs dans leur territoire et de les y maintenir.Notre étude tente de mettre en évidence le rôle des collectivités territoriales en matière dedéveloppement économique local et d’adapter la démarche et les outils marketing aux besoins spécifiquesdu marketing territorial.

Elzahera Kazouai, Fouzia Youcef, Leila Gzane , Mabrouka Oustani

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

Composting is an efficient biological process for recycling organic waste into a stable and environmentally safe product suitable for sustainable agriculture This study aims to monitor the evolution of physical and physicochemical parameters and to assess certain maturity indices of co compost prepared in piles from mixtures of palm grove residues PGR and sewage sludge SS Four formulations were tested T1 75% PGR + 25% SS T2 65% PGR + 35% SS T3 50% PGR + 50% SS and T4 75% SS + 25% PGR Prior to and following the composting process physical parameters odor visual changes temperature and physicochemical parameters pH electrical conductivity organic matter organic carbon total nitrogen and heavy metals were monitored and analyzed in all mixtures After three months of composting the results revealed differences in the sensory and physicochemical properties of the four mixtures All final products except T1 exhibited a homogeneous and granular texture dark brown color and earthy odor indicating a degree of stability and maturity typical of finished compost A significant reduction in organic matter content and pH was observed especially in mixtures with higher sludge proportions reflecting substantial biological degradation Meanwhile electrical conductivity increased across all treatments particularly in T4 Based on these findings it can be concluded that except for T1 the composts produced meet the criteria of a stable and hygienic product appropriate for sustainable agriculture in hot arid climates (Le compostage est un procédé biologique efficace pour recycler les déchets organiques en un produit stable et respectueux de l'environnement adapté à l'agriculture durable Cette étude vise à suivre l'évolution des paramètres physiques et physico chimiques ainsi qu'à évaluer certains indices de maturité d'un co compost préparé en tas à partir de mélanges de résidus de palmeraie RP et de boues d'épuration BE Quatre formulations ont été testées T1 75% RP + 25% BE T2 65% RP + 35% BE T3 50% RP + 50% BE et T4 75% BE + 25% RP Avant et après le processus de compostage les paramètres physiques odeur changements visuels température et physico chimiques pH conductivité électrique matière organique carbone organique azote total et métaux lourds ont été suivis et analysés dans tous les mélanges Après trois mois de compostage les résultats ont révélé des différences dans le comportement sensoriel et physico chimique des quatre mélanges Les produits finaux à l'exception du traitement T1 présentaient une texture homogène et granuleuse une couleur brun foncé et une odeur terreuse indiquant un degré avancé de maturité typique d'un compost mûr Une réduction significative de la teneur en matière organique et du pH a été observée notamment dans les mélanges avec des proportions plus élevées de boues traduisant une dégradation biologique importante Par ailleurs la conductivité électrique a augmenté dans tous les traitements particulièrement dans T4 Sur la base de ces résultats on peut conclure que sauf pour T1 les composts produits répondent aux critères d'un produit stable et hygiénique adapté à une utilisation en agriculture durable dans des conditions chaudes et arides)

جهاد يوسف خليفة حسن, حسن عوض حسن خالد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النيلين · السودان

تناولت الدراسة محاسبة الموارد البشرية ودوها في دعم الميزة التنافسية، هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مفهوم محاسبة الموارد البشرية والميزة التنافسية في المصارف التجارية، توضيح فوائد الموارد البشرية والعمل على تحسين آداء العاملين بالمنشاة، وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في التساؤل التالي : ما هو الدور الذي تلعبه محاسبة الموارد داخل المنظمة والتي بدورها يؤدي إلى تحقيق ميزة تنافسية خاصة للمنظمة، تستمد الدراسة من خلال تناوله لموضوع يتعلق بإبراز مهارات وخبرات الأفراد العاملين في المنظمة وإعطائها استحقاقاتها الطبيعية والتي بدورها تؤدي إلى تحقيق الميزة التنافسية داخل المنظمة، كذلك تظهر الأهمية العملية في إرشاد الإدارة بتطبيق محاسبة الموارد للحصول على الميزة التنافسية. استناداً على مشكلة الدراسة تمت صياغة الفرضيات التالية: توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين محاسبة الموارد البشرية والسعر التنافسي. توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين محاسبة الموارد البشرية والجودة .توجد علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين محاسبة الموارد البشرية وتخفيض التكاليف. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها : وجدت علاقة إيجابية بين محاسبة الموارد البشرية والسعر التنافسي، ساعدت محاسبة الموارد البشرية تعيين موظفين أكفاء يتميزون بمهارات عالية وخبرات متقدمة. أوصت الدراسة ب: ضرورة الاهتمام بتوفير معلومات تساعد على رفع كفاءة استخدامات الموارد البشرية. تحديث معارف ومهارات القوى العاملة نظراً للتغييرات المتسارعة في الظروف الاقتصادية وتحقيق الجودة

عيسى يحه, مجيد شعباني

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية وعلوم التيسيير-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر

Othmane Belkacemi, عبد الرحمان جبالي, Touil Slimane

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة الشهيد حمة لخضر - الوادي · الجزائر

Un système électro-énergique consisté d’une machine synchrone lié par une ligne de transmission à un jeu de barre infini est une source d’énergie électrique souvent soumis à de petites perturbations lors de variations brusques de la charge ou lors de l’occurrence de défauts sur le réseau. Le problème de stabilité des systèmes électro- énergique sont principalement ceux des machines synchrones fournissant la quasi-totalité de cette énergie Le régulateur automatique de tension AVR et le régulateur de vitesse ou Gouverneur sont les deux compensations conventionnelles des réseaux électriques. Ceux deux régulateurs sont conçus Séparément pour différent plages de fréquences. Ils fonctionnent donc de façon non cordonnées. La sortie du régulateur de tension dépend uniquement de la tension terminale et agit sur l’excitation du générateur tandis que celle du Gouverneur est fonction uniquement de la vitesse de rotor et actionne indirectement l’ouverture du vannage de la turbine. Il est désormais indésirable que cette structure est incapable d’assurer de façon efficace la stabilité de réseau. Elle ne pas amortir les oscillations interzones. Le AVR et Gouverneur ne peuvent donc pas garantir à eux seuls le bon fonctionnent des réseaux électriques sans l’aide d’un stabilisateur. Ce dernier appelé stabilisateur de puissance PSS ajoute un amortissement supplémentaire à traverse l’excitions. Cette nouvelle structure a une meilleure performance et amortit relativement bien les oscillations locales et interzones. La techniques de détermination de paramètres de PSS et le caractère linéaire de ce dernier ne garantissent pas une bonne performance sur toute la plage de fonctionnent du réseau. Plusieurs travaux ont alors été proposés en vue d’accroître la performance de l’ensemble AVR, Gouverneur et PSS. Ils consistent à l’amélioration de la conception du PSS par l’application des techniques modernes. L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer :•Des méthodes robustes de réglage de PSS logique floue a fin d’amortissement adéquat.

أحمد زركلي, عصام قريط

كلية الاقتصاد-جامعة دمشق · سوريا

سعيدة حمداوي, محمد نور إسلام

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

Yousra Lakhlef, Rostan Bounar

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة محمد الصديق بن يحيى - جيجل · الجزائر

Le domaine de l’architecture est considéré comme l’un des domaines de travail le plusmerveilleux pour l’homme. Car il combine entre la source de subsistance pour le travailleur et lapossibilité de mettre en valeur son talent précieux pour la conception, la réalisation etl’amélioration de la sécurité, l’efficacité et de la durabilité des bâtiments et des villes. Ce qui enfait un objet d’intérêt dans le but de le développer à travers ce que la science a atteint aujourd’huien terme de développement technologique moderne. À cet égard, nous avons touché à traverscette recherche à l’une des visions liant ces deux domaines à travers l’introduction du thème del’intelligence artificielle dans le domaine de l’architecture et l’étendue de ses effets positifs,notamment en ce qui concerne la justesse des estimations quantitatives des éléments liés auxprojets, ainsi qu’à la qualité et la précision du travail effectué par les bureaux d’études en général.Au cours de l’histoire ,la machine de dessin est restée un outil silencieux sans âme ,qui secontrôle sans aucune geste intelligente de sa part ,et c’est ce qui a changé complètementaujourd’hui .D’après ce qui a été atteint selon les résultats du questionnaire qui a été mené auniveau de plusieurs bureaux d’études locaux, l’intelligence artificielle laisse aujourd’hui plus deplace à la machine dans ce domaine ,car les programmes de conception intelligents comme Revitet ArchiCad nt balayé les entreprises de l’architecture et de la construction par l’intérêt del’architecte au premier lieu ,puis en raison de ses capacités intéressantes qui ont fait leurspreuves en améliorant la qualité de la production ainsi que pour sa haute précision en ce quiconcerne l’aspect financier du projet, et cela est confirmé par excellence par ces utilisateurs. Enrevanche, l’architecte qui en bénéficie reste sur un autre seuil et cherche toujours son incarnationsur le terrain, à savoir la technologie BIM, qui est une manière intelligente, efficace, utile etintégrée à la fois pour l’échange d’informations et de données simultanément. Ce qui est encoreà ce jour absente du terrain alors qu’elle est au centre de la volonté de la plupart des architectesactifs dans le secteur, qui ont confirmé leur intention de l’adopter dès qu’elle devient possibled’entrer au servie en Algérie.

Lammyaa Ali El Tash, Mohamed Hashim Awad, Moneif Abd el Bagi

كلية الدراسات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

The overall objective of this study is policy-oriented, socioeconomic analysis of malaria burden in rural communities (Gezira and Gunaid schemes), compared to Mamoura urban community (Khartoum State). The achievement of the objective was attained through testing the hypotheses by exploiting of group’s discussions, questionnaires and interviews of the randomly selected samples. The pilot surveys provided the baseline data and enriched the available knowledge about the surveyed communities. Family lists were updated for sample size determination, using the relevant computer packages. The questionnaire considered the basic family information and the baseline data of the socioeconomics related to perpetuation of malaria infection and its complications. The obtained data were analysed utilising a microcomputer and the related technique of the Statistix statistical packages. The overall prevalence rate of malaria in Gezira was 40% and in Gunaid was 35.4%, while in Mamoura, was 31.1%. In the three areas, the infection rates among the males outnumbered those of the females, 51.1%, 51.1% & 34.5% compared to 30.2%, 24.9% & 27.4% respectively. The surveys ensured that the households’ educational level has significant inverse relationships to the prevalence of malaria infection. In Gezira, the most significantly affected occupants were the farmers (69.6%) and the agricultural labourers (57.1%), while in Gunaid the farmers (65.4%) and merchants (50%). In Mamoura, the most suffering occupants were the labourers (52.9%) and merchants (40.7%). In Mamoura, the prevalence rates increased exponentially with the age classes, while in the agricultural schemes the high rates were observed among the extreme age groups, the younger and the elders. In both Gezira and Mamoura, households with excreta disposal system, electricity and water supply were significantly suffering less than those without. In Gunaid, the conventional method of excreta disposal, water and electricity supply has no influential role in the rates of malaria infection. One-third of the Gezira community and one-half of each of Mamoura and Gunaid community complained that the cost of medical-services is beyond their financial means. Thus, seek the institutional, non-institutional assistance, traditional healers or even ignoring treatment. The ignorant group represents 16.6% in Gezira, 47.8% in Gunaid and 67.3% in Mamoura community. In Gunaid, half of the samples used to keep anti-malaria in home, for emergency usage, where 89.9% of them were infected. In Gunaid, 25% of the samples used to keep anti-malaria in home, where 62.5% of them were infected. The bulk of the Mamoura inhabitants (96.2%) do not keep antimalarial tools in home, where 49% of them were infected. In Gezira, 56.9% not used to look for the drug expiry-date, where 88.% were infected, while in Gunaid, 60.4%, not used to check the expiry-date of the drugs, where 90.5% were infected. In Mamoura, only 43.3% of the community used to look for the drug expiry-date, where their infection rate was 62.7%. In Gezira, 75.9% reassured that they were completely deprived from public-health services, while in Gunaid (66%) and in Mamoura (50%) assured that they enjoy some sort of public-health services. The bulk of the villagers, in the two schemes, know nothing about water-associated diseases, excluding malaria and Bilharzia. In Mamoura, all respondents ensured that only malaria is water-associated disease, where they know nothing about the intestinal worms, dysentery, Giardiasis or even Bilharzia. The infection rates of malaria, in the three communities, were inversely proportional to the awareness level of the households to the disease and its vector. In Gezira (65.5%), Gunaid (43.4%) and Mamoura (31.7%) of the villagers can identify the clinical features and the complications of malaria, where 58.6%, 82.6% and 57.6% experienced long-term impacts of malaria, respectively. In Gezira, 69%, of the respondents avoided malaria infection via “avoiding mosquito bites”, while 5.2% of the villagers used to take “regular prophylactics”. In Gunaid, 66%, of the samples “avoid mosquito bites”, while 3.8% taking “regular prophylactics”. The two surveys ensured that in agricultural communities like Gezira and Gunaid, some tactics were adopted for avoiding mosquito-bites, these include: lubrication by sesame oil, operation of roof-fans, and usage of normal or impregnated bednets. In the two schemes, very few villagers put on some smoke, use screened gates, petroleum-derivatives lubrication, and usage of the local perfumes. In Mamoura community (94.2%) of the responses concentrated on avoiding malaria infection by “avoid mosquito bites”. This could be achieved via insecticides application (34.6%), normal bednets (24%), put some smoke (15.4%), sesame lubrication (3.8%) and screened gates (1.9%). In Mamoura, there is no consistent pattern relating the number of active air conditions to the infection rates of the inhabitants. In Gezira 20.7% , in Gunaid 86.8% and in Mamoura 57.7% of the villagers used to store water at home, where 81.0%, 73.9% & 57.7% used to cover their water containers, respectively. The surveys stressed that some microecological niches inside the house yards enriched the transmission of malaria including the provision of the suitable resting sites for the vectors. In Gezira 69.3% and in Gunaid 57.3% were infected with malaria during the season (August-October), while 26.8% and 31.3% during (May-July) and few during (November-January), 3.9% and 11.4%, respectively. In Mamoura (77.3%) were infected with malaria during August-October, followed by November-January (14.4%), May-July (6.1%) and the least period February-April (2.3%). In Mamoura, 50% of the inhabitants used to work daily for at least 10 hours, where the survey highlighted a significant direct relationship between the number of daily working-hours and the infection rates. In the Gezira (60.4%) and in Gunaid (41.5%) of the farmers used to work daily for less than 6 hours, while (24.1%) and (41.5%) work for 6-10 hours and only (15.5%) and (17%), respectively, work for more than 10 hours a day. In the two schemes, the infection rates of malaria were significantly inversed the number of the working hours. In Gezira (84.5%) and in Gunaid (100%) of the farmers accompanied their family members in all steps of supervising the farm activities. In Gezira (86.2%) and in Gunaid (79.2%) of the household reassured that there was a shortage in agricultural labourers, at least during the harvest activities. From Gezira (66.7%) and from Gunaid (63.6%) compensate the shortage by renting labourers and (23.3% and 18.2%), by “Nafeir” system, respectively. In Gezira (84.5%) and in Gunaid (90.6%) of the farmers rely on the manual preparation of the land sowing, where they significantly suffering the infection. In Gezira only (12.1%) and in Gunaid (90.3%) need to absent themselves from work, when infected, for more than three days. In Gezira (27.6%) and in Gunaid (10%) of the households used to accompany their family members for nursing when infected. Concerning the school children, all of them, in the three areas, were obligated to take at least 3 days before resuming their academic activities. In Gezira and Gunaid, the absenteeism from work constituted (46.2% and 70.4%), while the school children scored (37.3% and 26.7%) and those for accompanying the hospital admission (13.6% and 2.9%), respectively. In Mamoura, the absenteeism from work constituted (76.3%), while school children scored (19.9%), and those for accompanying the hospitalized admission represented only (3.8%). In the three study areas, the total cost of infection had considered the expenses of the medical consultancy, laboratory diagnosis and the treatment costs. In Gezira (56.9%), Gunaid (73.6%) and Mamoura (57.7%) of the households used to consult medical officers (1000 Sudanese Dinars, SD), while 13.8%, 1.9% & 39.4%, respectively, encysted to consult only the specialized physicians (> 2000 SD). Regarding the cost of the laboratory diagnosis, in Gezira (77.6%), Gunaid (86.8%) and Mamoura (89.4%) reported (200-500 SD), while 20.7%, 11.3% and 10.6% respectively, ensured the cost is more than 500 SD. Concerning the costs of the treatment, in Gezira (60.3%) and in Gunaid (83%) reported a range between (500-2000 SD). In Mamoura, 71.2% reported less than 500 SD, while 21.2% stressed that the costs ranged between (500-2000 SD). Concerning the history of residence, 72% of the Gezira and 65.1% of the Gunaid villagers were resident since (1990-1995), who were the least suffering malaria infection, 28.4% and 22.4%, respectively. The relatively new comers, 1996-2000, 17.2% in Gezira and 21.2% in Gunaid, where 62.1% and 42.1% of them were infected, respectively. The very recent comers (2001- 2005) represents 10.8% in Gezira and 13.7% in Gunaid, where 82.9% and 87.1% of them were infected, respectively. Like Gezira and Gunaid, (39.9%) of Mamoura population were resident since 1990 – 1995, with the least infection rates, 11.6%. The new arrivals (1996- 2000) like the above proportion, 38.6%, where 37.3% of them were infected. Concerning the recent arrivals (2001- 2005) to the Mamoura represents more than one-fifth the population, 21.5% of the total population, but unfortunately 56.4% were infected. The investigation stressed that 77.6% of Gezira and 79.2% of Gunaid have moderate monthly income, 25,000-100,000 SD. It also ensued that 10.3% and 5.7% have a relatively high income (> 100,000 SD), while only 12.1% and 15.1%, respectively, have a low income (< 25,000 SD). The analysis of the three surveys recapitulated that there was a significant negative relationship between the monthly income of the households and the infection rates of malaria. The Gezira findings stressed that the production of both sorghum and peanut was directly related to that of cotton. In this way, the revenue from these agricultural products is used to finance the cotton production that gives the positive coefficient, as suggested by regression analysis. On the other side, the regression analysis of the Gunaid findings ensured that many factors influentially affect the sugar production. These include: the educational level, labour type and shortage and its replacement, the number of episodes and the type of Hawasha possession. In Mamoura, the regression analysis pointed out that the containers uncoverage, vegetation cover, accommodation type and dosage incompletion have negative effect on malaria infection. The findings were linked to those obtained from some African countries, where a final conclusion was drawn \\\\\\\"the cost-effective malaria interventions can not be made by stroke of a pen or a magic pullet\\\\\\\". It relies on a concrete baseline data on micro-epidemiological and socioeconomical foundations, thus, real and meaningful interventions should be adapted to the specific local ecological, epidemiological and socioeconomic conditions. The vital role of the integration between biomedical and socioeconomic sciences to eliminate ill-health and transmitted diseases from the community, was stressed. The villager\\\\\\\'s KAP that assist in transmission of the disease was analyzed considering the interdisciplinary approach for the cost-effective control of malaria. Finally - based on the findings of the investigation, some effective measures for combating the disease were recommended