حسن مشرقي, عتاب سلطان, علي صقر أحمد

كلية السياحة-جامعة حمص · سوريا

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان دور الآثار المادية والكتابات المصرية القديمة كعامل جذب سياحي، و بيان دور و أهمية الأهرامات بالنسبة لمصر ، و دور و أهمية المسلات كذلك ، و ذلك من خلال استطلاع آراء عينة من الزوار لعدد من المتاحف والآثار الفرعونية ( الأهرامات و المعابد و المسلّات ) في الجيزة والإسماعيلية وأسوان والأقصر .. تتكون الدراسة من عدة فصول ركزت على دور الآثار المادية المصرية القديمة كعامل جذب سياحي هام لمصر. حيث تمّ التطرق إلى جانب من جوانب السياحة الهامة في مصر و هي السياحة الثقافية وأهـمّ مكوناتها ومقوماتها وما يعترضها من عقبات ومعيقات ذاتيـة وموضـوعية، وتـم تحليـل هـذه الصعوبات وأسبابها ، و اقترحت الدراسة خطة تنموية من أجل ترميم والحفاظ على المواقع الأثرية وتنمية الواقع السـياحي لمصر. النتائج التي توصلنا اليها: تحتلّ سورية رأس الهرم في المثلث الحضاري ضلعه الأيمن بلاد الرافدين و الأيسر وادي النيل و قاعدته شبه الجزيرة العربية و من هذا المثلث خرجت الحضارة الإنسانية ، و وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية بين الآثار الماديةٌ المصرية و الجذب السياحي في مصر، مما يدل على تماسك الآثار المادية المصرية ( الأهرامات، المسلات، المعابد) مع بعضها البعض في تحقيق الأثر المشترك في الجذب السياحي في مصر حيث يمكن ترتيب هذه الأبعاد بحسب درجة التأثير: المعابد 0.281 ، محور المسلات 0.257 ، محور الأهرامات 0.216 .

أحمد جودي حمود الجنابي, ضرغام خالد عبد الوهاب ابو كلل

كلية الاداب-جامعة الكوفة · العراق

خضر ترو, نبيل عبد الرسول

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية والإدارية-الجامعة اللبنانية · لبنان

Hfayed Massika, Meftah Afak

كلية العلوم الدقيقة وعلوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

Nous avons effectué dans ce mémoire la simulation numérique des caractéristiquesélectriques, courant-tension et réponse spectrale, d'une cellule solaire en p-n en GaAs. Lesparamètres de sortie de la cellule calculés par simulation sont 30.64 mA/cm2, 0.917 V,85.43% et un rendement de 24.01 %. On a fait également une étude de l'effet de l'épaisseur etdu dopage de l'émetteur et du collecteur, ainsi que les densités des défauts intrinsèques sur lesparamètres de sortie de la cellule qui sont, la tension de circuit ouvert � �� , le courant de courtcircuit ��� , le facteur de forme �� , le rendement de conversion �, et la réponse spectrale.D'après les résultats, les paramètres du collecteur ont plus d'effets par rapport à ceux del'émetteur. L'augmentation de la densité du piège profond à électron (0.46 eV par rapport à��) de 1012 à 1015��−3 induit une diminution dans le rendement de conversion de la cellulede 20.2% (de 26.94 à 21.5%). Alors que l'augmentation de la densité du centre derecombinaison (0.71 eV) cause une diminution de 7.9% (de 26.96 à 24.81%).

محمد فريد عبدالرزاق البلعة, مروان عويدة

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

أحلام قاسيمي, فاطمة الزهراء عروج, كما دعاس

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

سوسن خضير عباس, نرجس هادي منصور السعدي, هيثم دلول حنون الشبلي .د نرجس هادي منصور السعدي

كلية العلوم-جامعة كربلاء · العراق

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and imidazole derivatives are essential classes of organic compounds that play a significant role in medicinal chemistry. As a result, this study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched (PAMAM dendrimers) and new substituted imidazoles (Triimidazole and Tetraimidazole derivatives) as well as studies their properties in the biochemical and biological applications. The current research included three parts.The first part of the thesis outlines the synthesis of PAMAM dendrimers from G1 to G3 through a divergent approach that includes two steps; a 1,4-Michael addition which yields ester-terminated dendrimers and an amidation step to generate amine-terminated dendrimersPropane-1,3-diamine and 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy) ethane were chosen as various cores for the synthesis of dendrimers to produce primary and secondary amines inside the dendrimer structure (Scheme A and B). To investigate that dendrimers were successfully prepared different spectroscopic techniques were utilized such as FTIR, (1H,13C) NMR and ESI-MS analysis. In addition to, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The second part of the thesis describes the multicomponent coupling reactions via the Debus-Radziszewski reaction to synthesized 2,4,5-triaryl imidazole derivatives ranging from 4a to 4j using 4,4′-Dimethoxybenzil, different aldehydes and ammonium acetate in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. It also describes the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylimidazole derivatives ranging from 5a to 5j using benzil, aromatic aldehyde, a variety of aromatic amine and ammonium acetate in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst under reflux (heating conditions). The reactions in traditional heating conditions were compared with Ultrasonic irradiation and Microwave irradiation reactions as effective techniques for green synthesis, ultrasound and Microwave synthesis are being employed increasingly to accelerate organic reactions. In comparison to traditional methods, ultrasonication and microwaves have better yields, faster reaction times, higher selectivity, and fewer side effects (Scheme C). The characterizations of synthesized imidazole derivatives compounds were mostly carried out by using melting point, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.The third part of the work examines the biochemical and biological applications of some newly synthesized compounds. The selected compounds were tested for their in vitro anti-urolithiasis activity, antidiabetic activity and antibacterial activity. Additionally, the in vitro hemolysis assays of selected compounds were performed for a better understanding of toxicity study.To investigate the anti-urolithiasis potentials of the tested compounds, in vitro anti-urolithiasis inhibitory activities have been screened at various concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μg/mL and various times (0, 30, 60, 180 and 360 minutes) utilizing cystone as the reference drug. The finding showed that compound G2(b) had the highest inhibiting percentage in the nucleation test, which was 91% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL after 360 minutes of the incubation period compared to the positive drug cystone, which had a percentage of 65%. Compound G2(a), on the other hand, showed the highest inhibition % in the aggregation test when incubated at 360 minutes and the concentration of 250 μg/mL, which was 69%; which was 24% higher than cystone (46%).The antidiabetic assay at various concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250) μg/mL demonstrated moderate to good inhibitory potentials, with percentage values ranging from 48% to 90% against α-amylase and 38% to 61% against α-glucosidase. These results were encouraging. The obtained results were compared to the standard acarbose drug, which had values of 32%-65% for α-amylase and 43%-66% for α-glucosidase. Particularly, compounds 4f, 4e, 5b, and 4b were reported to be the most active, with percentage inhibition values of 90% 78%, 77% and 75%, respectively against α-amylase and compounds 4f and 4b, with percentage inhibition values of 61% and 58% against α-glucosidase at concentration 250 μg/mL.The tested compounds were also screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four isolated bacteria two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae) and two Gram-negative (Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli). The findings of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tested compounds at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/mL showed comparable values with the standard antibiotics Azithromycin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid most notably 4a, 4e, 5b, and 5c with a MIC of 200 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 4e and 5b with a MIC of 300 μg/mL against Streptococcus agalactiae. The results of the antibacterial test by Agar well diffusion method demonstrated that among the screened compounds, G2(a) and G2(b) displayed excellent activity (inhibition zones) against all the bacterial strains at concentrations of their MICs as compared to reference drugs Azithromycin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid.The results of the hemolysis assay at concentrations of 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL displayed that most screened compounds have a low effect on human red blood cells (less than 5%). Specifically, compounds G2(a), G3(a), G2(b), G3(b) and 5g were demonstrated to be significantly active with percent hemolysis ranging from (0.718% to 2.654%) compared to the standard Triton X-100, which exhibited a positive control of 97.3%. These findings reveal that some of the screened compounds were found to show potent activity, which could make them a promising drug for treatment.

Ash Rossiter, Athol Yates , Reem Al Dhaheri

جامعة خليفة · الامارات

This study answers the question - to what extent is the UAE's national security threatened by the importation of foreign disputes? As the UAE's foreign population constitutes nearly 90% of the nation's total population, this is an essential area of study from a security perspective. Moreover, if an explanation can be developed of why international disputes are imported into the UAE, the UAE national security agencies can then develop a predictive model for such events, and take measures in advance to prevent the event. As there is a lack of literature directly on this research question, there are two sets of academic literature from which material can be drawn –literature focusing connection between diaspora and security/conflict, and literature on protest literature. I draw these two bodies of literature together to identify for diaspora groups in relation to importing foreign conflict (1) what issues probably draw individuals to protest, (2) factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of protesting, and (3) factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of protests spreading. Information relating to the above become the focus of the data collection on the UAE cases of expatriates importing disputes. The study uses a small-n case study approach with the data being cases of known incidents in the UAE where expatriates have been involved in political protest actions based on some development in their home countries. The cases are analyzed to identify their similarity and difference, including the presence of the characteristics which have been identified in the academic literature as import to protests. Specifically, I examine for each case study: • What was the issue that motivated the protest? • Who protested? • What was the form of the protest action and did violence occur? • How large were the protests and its duration? • What was the government's response and how did this affect the protest? This will allow me to make conclusions on the following: • Issues that drew individuals to protests and the likelihood of protesting. • Why are there so few protests? • Why was the religiously motivated protest the only one to be large scale and involved significant violence? • Why were most of the protestors from the Indian subcontinent? • Possible reasons for other protests peaceful nature. • Shared protests characteristics in expatriates' homeland. This analysis shows that in the UAE, the only significant violent imported dispute to date was motivated by anger over a religious issue that could be justified because of the religious discrimination against usually the minority groups. Which will result in increasing their anger and grievances as they perceive it as a threat to believes and faith. Consequently, it increases the probability of initiation violent protests. Finally, this study showed that the threat of importing conflicts to the country is present but low.

فاطمة رافع, محمد عبد النبي

كلية العلوم الاسلامية-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر

إبراز أهم جهود الإمام الشافعي في مصطلح الحديث كالحديث الصحيح حسن والمرسل والتدليس ... مع إبراز أوليته في هذا الفن وهل كان موافقا لمن سبقه من أئمة الحديث أو مخالفا لهم. وموافقة علماء الحديث الذين جاءوا بعده أو مخالفتهم له ثم إبراز موقف علماء الأصول من آراءه وكيف تداولوها . وأخيرا آراء الشافعي في بعض الرواة جرحا وتعديلا .

Anseur Selma, Ghoraf Namir

كلية العلوم الدقيقة وعلوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

L'objet de ce mémoire est de donner une brève introduction à la théorie de matrices aléatoires (i.e. des matrices dont les éléments sont des variables aléatoires, munies de certaines lois.) et d'expliquer le lien avec la fonction zêta de Riemann, plus exactement, il semble que les zéros normalisés de ont même comportement statistique que les valeurs propres de matrices aléatoires de grande taille.