Noor Aldin Mohammad Abdallah Deek, فتح الله احمد غانم

كلية الدراسات العليا-الجامعة العربية الأمريكية · فلسطين

This study aimed at investigating the impact of human resource leadership during current crisis on the employees’ performance in the Palestinian Banking Sector. The researcher used a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) to collect the needed data. The population of this study was represented by the total number of headquarter employees in the banking sector in the West Bank which consists of 954 employees, with a sample of 278. In order to achieve the total sample, the researcher administered 300 questionnaires to employees in the banking sector, 270 questionnaires were collected. 248 questionnaires suited the criteria and were analyzed through SPSS by inferential and descriptive analysis. In addition to that, several unstructured interviews were made by the researcher before and during the distribution of the questionnaires. The statistical tools used in this study are: Mean, Standard Deviation and Percentages, furthermore, Pearson Correlation for validity, Cronbach's Alpha for Reliability, and Nonparametric Tests. Findings showed that participants strongly agreed that job satisfaction affects their loyalty and commitment to their organization. Furthermore, job satisfaction enhances their skills and abilities, increase respect and appreciation for them. It was also noted, most employees strongly agreed that Equal distribution of rewards, support from managers, giving power, receiving rewards, sense of achievement, and fulfilling basic requirements increases employees’ motivations and then affect productivity and efficiency during the current crisis. On the other side participants strongly agreed that trust in their manager increases productivity. Also, that their banks understood their needs and necessities and commitment to work leads to accurately completing all tasks assigned during the current crisis. Furthermore, the role of HR (Leadership) was to improve employees’ performance. As employees’ performance promotes the success of the banks' performance, and the good performance of employees will affect the improvement of work environments. In addition, the role of humanvresources during the current crisis is a motivational one in improving performance. The most significant recommendations where: Strengthen loyalty & commitment of employees, reinforce the motivation of employees, promote environment of trust, enhance participation & independency, understand employees well, enhance employee’s well-being, lead them by example, accepting the voice of employees, enhance employees’ behavior, an open door policy & work flexibility, and building trust with employees.

خولة أيت بلقاسم, يوسف نرجس

كلية الطب والصيدلة - مراكش-جامعة القاضي عياض · المغرب

الاء احمد محمد قطيط, رفيق قرمان

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة القدس · فلسطين

Prodrugs are substances administered inaninactive form that is then metabolized in the body into the corresponding active drug. The rationale behind administering prodrugs is to optimize the drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Since first described in the 1950s, prodrugs continue to be a fertile area of research. There are a number of small pharmaceutical/biotech companies dedicated to use prodrugs for the delivery of older but problematic drugs as well as to develop broad-based prodrug technologies for application to new and future drugsRecently Drug design become increasingly relies on computer modelingtechniques. In the past few decades computational chemistry methods have been utilizedin calculating physicochemical and molecular properties of compounds. This tool can be used to design prodrugs that chemically (intramolecular processes) interconvert to their parent drugs without any involvement of enzyme catalysis. The release of the active drug is solely dependent on the rate limiting step of the intramolecular process. Based on DFT calculations three different atenolol prodrugs were designed, synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR LC-MS and their in vitrointra-conversion to their parent drug, atenolol, revealed that the t1/2was largely affected by the pH of the medium. For atenolol ProD1in vitrokinetic study demonstrated that thet1/2was largely affected by the pH of the medium. The determined t1/2values in 1N HCl, buffer pH 3, and buffer pH 5 were 1.66, 3.73, and 168 hours, respectively. Andat pH 7.4 no intraconversionwas observed. On the other hand,atenolol ProD 2 was found to be readily intraconverted, but In the case of atenolol ProD 3no reaction was observed.

فاروق السعد, مؤيد محمد محمد السرخي

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This research discusses the stability of the first canonical weight vector from the one-factor structure derivation of the exact formula for the weight’s variance and the asymptotic distribution of the weight are emphasized to give theoretical robustness to the concept of stability. The closeness of the exact and asymptotic variances points to the precision of the derivation. It was proven that the weight ()⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−121,1~1nNs, where the asymptotic variance is ()121−n. The greater sample size the less variance of the weight will be, and hence more stable weight.

Mekrarbech Mohamed , Rajaa Adnani

كلية اللغات الأجنبية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Interaction is needed in every classroom activity. It helps the teaching and learning process run smoothly and it can increase learner’s speaking skill. This study will examine the importance of classroom interaction in improving EFL students speaking skill, as well as the factors and speaking difficulties of EFL student’s that affect classroom communication, then, what a teacher can do to promote it. The aim of this research is to improve student’s speaking skill through promoting classroom interaction. The research methods that will be adopted for this piece of work will be purely descriptive. The required data were gathered through two research tools that have been conducted:questionnaires administered to L2, L3 students of English, as well as an interview with two teachers of oral expression module at the level of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem University. The analysis of the interviews and questionnaires showed that both learners and teachers consider classroom interaction as an important pedagogical strategy in enhancing learner’s speaking skill. The results of the present study will not be useful solely for students in helping them identifying their speaking difficulties, but also help teachers as well in their understanding of the student’s problems, and speaking difficulties that they encounter during classroom.

اسامة زحاف, بن موسى قواشي, جميل قداري

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة وعلوم الارض-جامعة الجيلالي بونعامة - خميس مليانة · الجزائر

Our study carried out in the locality of Tarik Ibn Ziad gives us an aid on the variation of the colors of balls of pollen and the richness of this region in pollen potential during the harvest period. No more 5 types of pollen ball have been identified: orange, yellow, dark purple, olive green and light yellow. belonging respectively to the following species (Calendula arvensis L, Anacyclus clavatus desf), (Ceratoceephalus falcatus, Senscio vulgaris L), (Lamium purpureum L, Malva sylvestris L), (Silybum marianum L, Cirsium arvense L) and (Cistus salviifolius L, Ranunculus arvensis L) Indeed, the variation in ball color informs us that in the same region the bees of each hive forage on different species of melliferous, nectariferous or broodmare plants. The results of the quantities of collected pollen vary from 74.4g - 26.7g - 11.6g - 5.7g and 2.1g respectively for the colors: orange, yellow, dark purple, olive green and light yellow. These variations are closely related to the duration of plant flowering.

غنية العقلي, فريدة شيخي

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

فري بوناب, مختار محمصاجي

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر

زوليخة باكور, سعيد حسابي , عادل واغني, ياسين عقسا

كلية العلوم-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

Conclusions de base sur les effets de l'étain dans les alliages Pb-SnL'étain améliore les propriétés mécaniques des alliages Pb-Sn. Il réduit les phénomènes de passivation qui se produisent sur les plaques positives de la batterie et améliore la résistance à la corrosion des grilles positives. L'étain augmente également la résistance au fluage des alliages Pb-Ca-Sn et maintient ainsi un bon contact entre le CL et le PAM. La combinaison d'une résistance élevée à la corrosion et d'une résistance élevée au fluage des grilles prolonge la durée de vie des batteries.Les Outres effets mentionnés ci-dessus, l'étain a également une influence bénéfique sur le processus de coulée, réduisant les pertes de métal pendant la coulée et contribuant à la facilité et à la stabilité du processus lui-même. Le seul inconvénient de l'étain est son prix assez élevé, mais la dépense en vaut la peine au vu des effets bénéfiques importants de l'étain sur les performances de la batterie.Les alliages plomb-calcium-étain avec 0,06-0,08 % Ca et 0,6-1,5 % Sn sont utilisés pour la fabrication de grilles positives pour les batteries automobiles. Les grilles coulées ont une structure à gros grains et assurent fonctionnement stable de la batterie. Ils sont très résistants à la corrosion et peuvent donc garantir une longue durée de vie de la batterie.Lors de la corrosion des grilles, il se forme un CL composé de PbO, PbOn (1 < n < 2) et PbO2. Lors du cyclage, la sous-couche de PbO formée sur les grilles Pb, Pb-Ca ou Pb-low-Sb peut rapidement atteindre une épaisseur considérable et créer une interface à haute résistance ohmique. Lorsque l'alliage de grille contient des quantités considérables d'additifs Sb ou Sn, les ions Sb et Sn accélèrent l'oxydation du PbO en oxydes de valence plus élevée et de conductivité électrique plus élevée, réduisant ainsi l'épaisseur de la couche de PbO et donc la résistance ohmique de l'interface.

سود جمال, مرغني حيزوم بدر الدين

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة الشهيد حمة لخضر - الوادي · الجزائر

تمثل الحسابات الخاصة بالخزينة صيغة عملية تسمح بمخالفة أو تجاوز بعض القواعد العامة للموازنة العامة من أجل تسجيل العمليات ذات الطابع الصناعي والتجاري المحققة بصفة استثنائية من طرف المصالح العمومية، وهي تسمح باستخراج من كتلة الموازنة العامة نتائج نشاط عمومي مخصص، وتجري في إطارها بعض العمليات المؤقتة التي ليس لها طابع جبائي، كما تسمح بالاحتفاظ بأثر العمليات إلى ما يزيد عن سنة باعتبارها إجراء مرن للمحاسبة.وتندرج هذه الحسابات في إطار المالية العامة، والتي تعد أهم الوثائق إلى جانب الموازنة العامة للدولة، وهي حسابات خارجة عنها، وكانت لا تذكر في قوانين المالية، كونها عبارة عن حسابات مؤقتة لصندوق الخزينة، فهي لا تعتبر نفقات حقيقية ولا إيرادات حقيقية، وفي الأصل هي خارجة عن قواعد الموازنة العامة إذ هي مستثناة من قاعدة السنوية، الوحدة والشمول، إلا أن التوسع في استخدامها جعل هذا الخروج مبالغا فيه فقد أصبحت اليوم تستعمل لانجاز عمليات لا تختلف في طبيعتها وأهدافها عن العمليات التي تتضمنها الموازنة العامة للدولة، مما جعل الآراء تتضارب بين مؤيد ومعارض، حول أمر تسييرها والتحكم في إنفاق مبالغها