Grace Khoury, خالد حجوج

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة بيرزيت · فلسطين

The electronic business (e-business) includes activities, which besides the intensive use of information and especially internet technology, connect and 'digitalize' all business activities, from developments and production, to management and administration. E-business is more than just another way to sustain or improve existing business practices. This thesis investigates Applying E-Business in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) wholesale enterprises in Palestine. It proposes an instrument to measure the strength of a company's organizational and Information and communication Technology (ICT) capabilities to make this transformation. After defining e-business and explaining why an evolutionary aspect of moving to e-business is required, the dimensions of e-business are defined with respect to differences between traditional business, partial, or pure e-business. Also, a model for moving to e-business is illustrated. The e-business evolving model is divided into six stages and represents an evolutionary aspect of migrating to e-business. The majority of the literature on the subject of e-business focuses on the definition of the components of e-business in this thesis e-business is composed of five elements: business intelligence, enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, e-commerce, and supply chain management. It also focuses on methodology of applying e-business, on information systems strategies, to help companies be more effective in their sector or industry. There is very little literature that focuses on some fundamental issues: the Business-to-Business (B2B) market places and the disruptive organizational change that is needed to make a successful transformation. III There is a part of literature on the subject of organizational change. This thesis applies these principles in the context of applying e-business in FMCG wholesale enterprises in Palestine. The capturing of the primary data was conducted through the researcher's personal experience, personal interviews and survey, which is a triangulation approach (quantitative and qualitative). The questionnaire was sent to a sample of 40 Palestinian companies selected from the directory of the Palestinian companies which were ranked according to their economic activities, geographical distribution, ICT infrastructure availability and which were most likely to be able to provide coverage of distribution in the West Bank. Finally, the results of the research study on current practices in evolving e-business in the most successful FMCG wholesale enterprises in Palestine are given. In this research, some aspects of business process innovation and e-business usage have been investigated (general e-business issues with levels of e-business usage, key objectives of participating in e-business, alignment of business strategy with e-business initiatives, e-business impact on the organization and e-business special usage software). Companies in the sector use e-business mainly to improve their internal processes and procedures. The technologies most commonly used by small and large enterprises alike are e-mail, websites; these are followed, at a considerable distance in terms of diffusion, by EDI, data file exchange through email (though very few smaller businesses use these). The most advanced technologies, such as CRM, SCM systems, and Knowledge Management solutions, are still rare and are used only by larger enterprises. ERP systems are the most apparent to be the common factor shared by all companies surveyed.

Ayodele Emmanuel Akande, Dalal Aassouli

كلية الدراسات الإسلامية-جامعة حمد بن خليفة · قطر

This study aims to investigate if equities that are both ESG-compliant and Shari’ah Complaint perform better than ESG-compliant only and Shari’ah compliant only equities in terms of Leverage (Liquidity & Solvency), credit rating, probability of default and sectorial performance.Design/methodology/approach: Two-step system generalized method of moments (dynamic estimation) approach is used to investigate the effects of the explanatory variables on the dependent variables and the comparative leverage performances analysis, between the different categories of equities-4922 companies across 31 OIC member countries of the variables of interest from 2010 to 2020Findings: Sustainability reporting of companies does not necessarily mean good ESG performance. Top ESG performing firms are less solvent than their counterparts. Sustainability reporting, ESG performance, and Shari’ah compliance reinforce the liquidity strengths of a company. However, firms that are both ESG compliant and Shari’ah compliant have a higher initial cost of debt, and total current liability. Financial performance (ROA and liquidity control) have a positive interaction with ESG performance. Shari’ah compliancy blends well (positive for both current and quick ratio) with macro-economic variables which might reflect the constructive, ethical and preservatives nature of the financial approach to the society. Both ESG performance and CSR reporting have negative interactions with macroeconomic variables, which might reflect capitalism, interest-based and profit seeking concepts. Like the literature, financial performance(ROA and liquidity control) has a positive interaction with ESG performance, sustainability reporting and Shari’ah compliance, but companies that are both ESG compliant and Shari’ah compliant have higher profitability and liquidity control than ESG only and Shari’ah compliant only companies (evident from the regression coefficients). Hence, equities that are both ESG-compliant and Shari’ah-compliant are more profitable, and reliable. 5Originality/value: There are limited or no studies that investigate the subject matter from the standpoint of firms' dynamics, especially in OIC countries. Also, there are limited or no studies that investigate the mechanisms of macroeconomic externalities that can be geared to reinforce firms' dynamics of ESG and Islamic Finance

Mehdi Boukri , Brahim Nazim Louahdi, Mohamed Draidi Ben Salah , Nour el Houda Niri

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

سيد أحمد كبداني , عائشة عبدو

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Ines Ziad, Khadra Bouanane

كلية الرياضيات وعلوم المادة-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

Une marche aléatoire sur un graphe 􀀁 = (􀀅,􀀇), est définie par uneséquence de sommets 􀀉􀀊􀀉􀀋, où à chaque étape, on se déplace de 􀀉􀀌à 􀀉􀀌􀀍􀀋, avec une probabilité 􀀎 = 1/􀀑( 􀀉􀀌), où 􀀑(􀀉􀀌) est le degré dusommet 􀀉􀀌dans le graphe 􀀁. Il est évident que la séquence 􀀉􀀌, 􀀒 = 0,1,…définit une chaîne de Markov réversible.Nous nous intéressons dans ce travail à l’étude de la marche aléatoiresur quelques graphes particuliers tels que les arbres et l’hypercube.

لخضر روابحي, نوجود فرحاتي

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

دون ملخص

A. Beraf Tebbal, Khalida Ihaddadene, N. Ait Saadi

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, l'effet et les potentialités antagonistes des deux isolats fongiques Trichoderma sp et Beauveria bassiana vis-à-vis de deux pathogènes fongiques, Diplodia seriata et Neofusicoccom parvum, agents de dépérissement de la vigne. L'application de ces isolats fongiques a permis de mettre en évidence des potentialités antagonistes inhibant in vitro la croissance de Diplodia seriata et de Neofusicoccom parvum sur milieu PDA avec des taux d'inhibition de la croissance mycélienne allant jusqu'à 45.52 % pour l'espèce Beauveria bassiana à l'égard de Diplodia seriata. L'application in situ confirme d'avantage les actions antagonistes des deux isolats antagonistes à l'égard des agents pathogènes. Il apparait que l'effet antagoniste diffère selon l'isolat antagoniste. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus avec Trichodermasp et Brauveria bassiana avec une réduction moyenne des nécroses de 2.95cm causés par Diplodia seriata sur la variété Alphonse Lavallé. Le test de stimulation de la croissance des boutures de vitis vinifera avec les deux variétés par Trichoderma sp et Beauveria bassiana appliquées seuls et en association sur les bouture d'Alphonse Lavallé n'a montré aucune différence significative par rapport au témoin non traité.

أحلام بوعبدلي, ياسر بن يونس, يوسف شرع

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة غرداية · الجزائر

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف قياس وتحليل أثر استخدام المشتقات المالية على المخاطر النظامية في الشركة القطرية العامة للتأمين وإعادة التأمين الناشطة في السوق المالية القطرية للفترة الممتدة من 2012 الى غاية 2021، وذلك من خلال استخدام النموذج الرياضي VAR (نموذج الانحدار الذاتي المتجه).وتوصلت الدراسة إلى تقدير أثر المشتقات المالية على المخاطر النظامية وتفسير العلاقة السببية بين هذين المتغيرين في الشركة محل الدراسة، من خلال وجود أثر طردي للمشتقات المالية على المخاطر النظامية في الفترة الأولى، وأثر عكسي بين المشتقات المالية والمخاطر النظامية في الفترتين الثانية والثالثة في الشركة القطرية العامة للتأمين وإعادة التأمين. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى أنتأثير المشتقات المالية على المخاطر النظامية يكون معدوما إلى ضعيف في المدى القصير، ومتوسط التطور في المدى المتوسط، ليستقر التأثير في المدى الطويل

Beztouh Djaber, Chekkal Tayri, Saadi Kahina

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية والإدارة-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

La présente étude offre un panorama sur la relation existante entre les variations du taux de change et les opérations du commerce extérieur en Algérie durant la période 1988-2018. A fin d’atteindre cet objectif nous avons abordé en premier temps les fondements théoriques de taux de change et le marché de change en suite nous avons traité les différentes politiques de change particulièrement en Algérie, on a présenté l’évolution du commerce extérieur Algérien depuis la libéralisation. Dans un second temps nous avons présenté les différentes variables qu’on’ a utilisé dans notre cas pratique. Enfin nous avons les différents tests de VAR pour mesurer l’impacte de la variabilité du taux de change sur les opérations du commerce extérieur Algérien.

Hanaa Ibraheem Abu Nada, Sumer Salman Abou Shaaban

كلية التربية -جامعة الازهر - غزة-جامعة الازهر - غزة · فلسطين

This study aims at examining the effectiveness of using a storytelling technique on developing reading comprehension skills for the sixth graders in Gaza Governorates. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher adopts an experimental research design. The sample of the study which is purposefully chosen consists of (84) students. The experimental group includes (42) students taught reading comprehension by a storytelling technique, while the control group includes (42) students who are taught reading comprehension by an ordinary way. The experiment is conducted in the second term of the school year (2012-2013). The researcher has conducted a content analysis card to determine the reading comprehension skills in the content of English for Palestine 6 textbook and used Holsti's equation to count the reliability of the analysis. According to the result of the analysis, the researcher has designed an achievement test to identify the direction of the size effect. The validity of the test is refereed by the specialists and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, whereas the reliability of the test is measured by Kuder Richardson 21 equation and Split Half Technique. The results of the achievement test are statistically analyzed by using T-test Paired Sample to measure the differences in reading comprehension skills between the pre-test and the post-test of the experimental group. T-test Independent Sample is used to measure the differences in reading comprehension skills at each level of the three levels (literal, interpretive and inferential) between the experimental group and control group in the post test. Furthermore, the effectiveness of storytelling technique is measured by "Effect Size" technique to ensure that the effect on the levels of the reading comprehension skills had not taken place accidentally. The results of the study indicate that there are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the mean scores of each level of reading comprehension skills in the pre and post-test of the experimental group in favor of the post test. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the mean scores of each level of reading comprehension skills in the post- test between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental one. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends English language teachers to adopt storytelling technique in teaching English in general and in teaching reading in particular. Also, she recommends the Ministry of Education to hold training courses to train English language teachers on using storytelling technique.