جوليا دروير, حسن إبراهيم شاكر خليل, عمر عايد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This study discussed the effect of the level of education for both spouses on the degree of participation in family decision making in Tulkarem Governorate. The study also aimed to investigate the relation between, on the one hand, other study variables (spouses' age, spouses' age at marriage, family's place of residence, monthly income of both spouses, employment status of both spouses) and, on the other hand, the degree of participation in the decision making among the spouses, and when this participation is weakened and when it is strengthened depending on these variables.The study population is made up of the families that live in Tulkarem Governorate. From this, the study sample was chosen randomly, resulting in a sample of 262 families. The study used the method of analytical description for its suitability for such kinds of research. In order to collect data, to come to results, and to be able to generalize from the results on all individuals of the research population, the study employed the tool of questionnaire for data collection.The study found that there was a positive relationship between the variable of the level of education for both spouses and the participation in decision making on procreation, family planning, economic decisions concerning the family, some other crucial decisions, and some other social decisions. Moreover, the study found that the variable of spouses' age does not affect the spouses' participation in decisions of procreation, family planning, and economic decisions concerning the family. Furthermore, the study found that the variable of the husband's age has a greater impact on participation in making crucial and social decisions than the wife's age in these areas.The study found that among the spouses that married between the ages of 31-40 years there was more participation in decisions of procreation and family planning. Among those who married between the ages of 21-30 and 31-40 years participation in economic decisions and crucial decisions was greater than among others. Participation in social decision making was greatest among those who had married between the ages of 41-50 year.Furthermore, the study found that the variable of place of residence (city, village, refugee camp) does not have a noteworthy impact on spouses' family decision making.The study found that there is a relationship between the wife's level of monthly income and the spouses' participation in decisions concerning procreation and family planning. This gap in participation decreases when the wife's monthly income increases in favour of an increase of her participation in such decisions. There is no significant effect of the husband's monthly income on these decisions. Moreover, the study found that a positive relationship between spouses' level of income and their participation in economic, crucial, and social decisions, and that the effect of the wife's income was greater than the effect of the husband's income in these decisions.The study also found that the variable of the wife's work status has an obvious effect on the spouses' participation in decisions of procreation, of family planning, in economic and crucial decisions. The wife's participation in decision making in these areas increases when she is in paid employment. The variable of the husband's employment status is weak in these areas. The study recommended to : Increase the interest from official sides and decision makers to focus on the quality of education rather than the numbers of the educated people in the Palestinian society in general and in Tulkarem governorate in particular, Work and focus on newly married couples in awareness programs to raise awareness about the importance of both spouses' participation in decision making and about sound strategies to take family decisions, Importance of fair distribution of educational dividends for both sexes, by decreasing the gap in the education ratio of both males and females, to increase the social return from education, Work on the increase of attention in the quality of education in rural areas and the refugee camps to increase the participation among the spouses in family decision making.

Mohamed Walid Otmanine, Yahia Gherabli, Zakaria Skender

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

Abdelrahmane Belhamissi, Hadjira Benygzer

معهد الطيران ودراسات الفضاء-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Sue Ellen Hassouna, Thomas Skouteris

كلية الشئون الدولية والسياسات العامة-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

Criminology is the science of crime and until the year 1939 crimes were limited to street or conventional crimes committed by criminals of lower socio-economic segments in the society. After 1939 the American criminologist, Edwin Sutherland, has challenged this stereotype of crimes and criminals through his introduction of white-collar crimes that are perpetrated by elite offenders. However, the term has been introduced and utilized for more than seventy years across criminologists and law enforcement agencies it is still a foreign concept to the Egyptian legal system; hence the Criminal Law Code is predominately focused on mainstream criminalities. This absence of adequate regard for white-collar crimes in Egypt has caused the increase of it. Therefore, this thesis aims to take the initiative to highlight the importance and need for the criminology of white-collar crimes and fill this serious knowledge gap and demonstrate benefits to the scholarship of crime in Egypt and in specific to the Egyptian Criminal Law that seeks to generally serve the protection of higher social goods. This academic goal will be achieved by means of adopting a criminological perspective approach in analyzing two Egyptian cases of white-collar crimes that are regulated by the same applicable law Competition Law; the Cement Cartel case and Ezz Rebars Steel case. These two cases are characteristic of Egyptian white-collar criminality and also represent two different and distinctive types of white-collar crimes, corporate and state-corporate crimes. This study is also supported by a theoretical framework using the rational choice theory of white-collar crimes which decidedly represents the most comprehensive theoretical approach to investigate the underlying reasons of why and how the given elite criminals violated the law. Finally, investigating these cases from a criminological perspective triggers the question of whether the Egyptian legal system is in need of a new criminal legislation for white-collar crimes.

أميرة بن زايد, قادري توفيق

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

نجد ان التلوث البيئي يعد اكبر القضايا المعاصرة التي تشغل المجتمع الدولي و ذلك لتفاقم العديد من المشاكل البيئية كالاحتباس الحراري وارتفاع درجات الحرارة و معظم ظواهر تطرف المناخ ومن بين أنواع التلوث البيئي ذلك الذي يعود لأسباب اشعاعية و الذي يؤثر سلبا علي حق الانسان في الحياة.

Ryma Bouraba, Soraya Chenini

المدرسة العليا للتجارة - الجزائر · الجزائر

Dans le cadre spécifique de la prestation des services, l’interaction entre le personnel en contact et le client est un objet indispensable pour délivrer le message de l’entreprise. La satisfaction du personnel en contact va avoir une influence directe sur l’évaluation du service par le client. La mesure de la satisfaction du personnel, la détermination des facteurs qui permettent au personnel de satisfaire le client et les facteurs explicatifs de la performance du personnel, ainsi que la mise en avant du possible rôle médiateur sur la satisfaction de la clientèle, sont essentielles afin de garantir le succès de cette relation. L’entreprise suit les outils de marketing afin de conserver sa position.

Belmiloud Amir, Belmezouar Alaeddine , Benheniche Abdelhak , Bouchama Zyiad

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

L’énergie solaire souffre d’un faible rendement lié à divers facteurs environnementaux. Pour maximiser l’énergie extraite, des algorithmes de suivi du point de puissance maximale (MPPT) sont utilisés, souvent en association avec des convertisseurs DC-DC de type Boost. Les méthodes classiques, telles que Perturb and Observe (P&O) ou Incremental Conductance (IC), sont simples, mais sujettes à des oscillations et nécessitent plusieurs capteurs. Des approches intelligentes offrent une plus grande robustesse, mais exigent des ressources de calcul élevées. La commande par mode glissant (SMC), reconnue pour sa robustesse, présente néanmoins un phénomène de chattering ainsi qu’une complexité accrue due à l’usage de nombreux capteurs. Pour pallier ces limites, ce mémoire étudie une stratégie de commande innovante : la commande adaptative par mode glissant basée sur un observateur (ASMC), intégrant un observateur de perturbations. Cette approche vise à réduire le nombre de capteurs nécessaires, à éliminer le chattering et à améliorer les performances globales du suivi MPPT dans les systèmes photovoltaïques.

Abdesselam Hocini, Amina Debi , Meryem Zekkar

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

M.Benmoussa, Yamna Bouziani

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Le cadmium est l’un des éléments métalliques de trace les plus dangereux quelque soit pour le végétal ou la santé humaine. Sur le blé qui une plante largement cultivé pour ses graines et son paille ; on à étudié l’effet d’une gamme de concentration de cadmium (0 ; 50mg/L ; 100mg/L ; 150mg/L et 200mg/L) sur les paramètres de germinations, La croissance relative des plantules, le taux de chlorophylle a et b, la proline, les sucres solubles et le taux d’accumulation de Cdde quatre variétés de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L) appréciées par nous agriculteurs Anza Arz Hiddab et Ain abid. Les résultats montrent une phytotoxicté croissante suivant l’augmentation de la dose en Cd sur le taux de germination, longueur des coléoptiles et radicelles le poids sec des racines et coléoptiles l’indice de tolérance comparé avec le témoin pour les quatre variétés étudiés néanmoins la variété Hiddab se montre plus sensible ; Où on note une réduction importante de la longueur des radicelles par rapport aux autre paramètres. Une réduction importante de la croissance relative des plantules des quatre variétés mais d’une manière différente. Une perturbation des différents processus physiologiques est enregistrée, diminution de l’assimilation chlorophyllienne graduellement avec l’augmentation de la dose en Cd sur la chlorophylle a et comparés avec les témoins, augmentation des taux de la proline et les sucres solubles et le taux de Cd dans les plantules suivant l’augmentation de la concentration du Cd.

بن يحي فتيحة, سميرة معزوز

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

لقد منحت الرِوايَّة الجَزائرية المَكتوبة باللّغة الفرنسية منذ بداياتها الأولى بُعداً إنسانياً وأولوية خاصةللمسألة الوطنية والهويّة الجزائرية، واعتبرتها جزءاً لا يتجزأ من كيانها والتزمت بها ما قدرت على ذلك. وتظلأعمال محمد ديب وكاتب ياسين مولود معمري وغيرهم، بمثابة مؤلفات كتبت بالعربية ثم ترجمت إلى الفرنسيةلأنها حملت بصدق آلام شعبهم، كما سجلت في ثنياها معاناته وأحلامه وكانت هذه الأعمال الأدبية شاهداً علىهمجية الاستعمار وجرائمه. وفي هذا السياق وصف الشاعر الفرنسي "أراغو" ثلاثية الكاتب "محمد ديب"بمذكرات الشعب الجزائري، وسماهُ بِ "بلزاك الجزائر" بفضل جهوده الإبداعية وتمثيله الجاد لآلام ومعاناة بيئتهالوطنية.