Messaouda Ben Abdelhadi, Ikram Ghazel, Madjid Doufene

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

Speaking is considered as one of the four fundamental language skills that an EFL learner is required to acquire and perform, but it is not an easy task for most learners to overcome the difficulties they meet while practising this skill in the classroom or in real life situations. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the main factors influencing EFL learners’ speaking performance. By adopting both qualitative and descriptive methods, a questionnaire and class observation instruments have been designed and administered to Second Year LMD students of English at Kasdi Merbah University of Ouargla in order to collect data necessary for testing and validating our hypotheses. The results reveal that most of students encounter several obstacles that impede their speaking performance.

خيرة بلاق , عجالي خالد , فاطيمة قلاز

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

لقد تطرقنا في دراستنا لموضوع خصوصیة إجراءات التقاضي في المنازعات العمالیةالذي له أهمیة بالغة یستحق البحث والدراسة لكونها إحدى الإفرازات الطبیعیة لعلاقات العملالفردیة والجماعیة بحیث أنها تختلف من حیث طرق حلها وأسبابها فالمنازعات الفردیة هيالتي تكون بین العامل وصاحب العمل بشان تنفیذ علاقة العمل وقد یكون إما نا زع قانونيیتعلق بخرق قواعد آمره متعلقة بالنظام العام

عبد الكريم بوحميدة, عطالله بلغربي, مصطفى أولاد هدار

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

إن الهيئة الوطنية للوقاية من الفساد و مكافحته ، سلطة إدارية مستقلة تتمتع بالشخصية المعنوية والاستقلال المالي توضع لدى رئيس الجمهورية. تضطلع الهيئة الوطنية للوقاية من الفساد ومكافحته بعدة مهام تنقسم إلى مهام ذات طابع استشاري و توجيهي ، وأخرى ذات طابع إجرائي و رقابي ، ولكي تقوم الهيئة بهذه المهام كان لزاما أن تمنح للهيئة الاستقلالية اللازمة لهذا الغرض ، سواء كانت هذه الاستقلالية من الناحية العضوية أو الوظيفية، إلا أنه باستقراء المواد القانونية المنظمة لعمل الهيئة يتضح جليا أن هناك العديد من المعوقات التي تحول دون قيام الهيئة

B. Meroufel, Sara Zerdani

كلية العلوم الدقيقة والاعلام الآلي-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Le Cloud Computing fait référence à l'utilisation des capacités de calcul des ordinateurs distants, oùl'utilisateur dispose d'une puissance informatique considérable sans avoir à posséder des unitéspuissantes. La probabilité de voir une panne intervenir durant l'exécution devient forte lorsque le nombrede noeuds augmente ; puisqu'il est impossible d'empêcher totalement les pannes, une solution consiste àmettre en place des mécanismes de tolérance aux pannes. La tolérance aux pannes est devenue une tâchemajeure pour les ingénieurs informatiques et les développeurs de logiciels, car l'apparition de pannesaugmente le coût de l'utilisation des ressources. Dans ce travaille nous devons développer unearchitecture de tolérance aux pannes dans les Cloud Computing. Nous avons proposé l’approche qui sebase essentiellement sur le mécanisme de checkpoint dans le but de minimiser le temps perdu par lespannes et qui permet de garantir la continuité des services du Cloud Computing d'une façon transparent etefficace en présence des pannes.

Mkhaimar Abusada, Reem Motlaq Wishah-Othman

كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية-جامعة الازهر - غزة · فلسطين

Many are the studies on colonial settlement, peace, conflicts, and conflict transformation, but rare are the comparative studies in these areas. This comparative study sheds light on two areas: peace and colonial settlement in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Northern Ireland, on the one hand, and the impact of peace on colonial settlement in the two compared areas, on the other. In this regard, this study has a distinguishing mark, especially as the Arabic studies are concerned, since many are the researches and books deal with the impact of colonial settlement on peace but not the impact of peace on colonial settlement. Hence, it is essential to clarify the difference between settlement and colonial settlement. Settlement is a humanitarian right that enables human beings to move from a place to another place and settle in, taking it as a homeland, without destroying the lives and properties. Colonial settlement usurps the natives their own land, kill them and expel them whether inside or outside the usurped homeland. This is the typical tragedy happened with Irish in the early 12th century and the same tragedy was repeated with the Palestinian people in the 20th century. Axiomatically, facts on the ground tell that the Oslo agreements have strengthened the colonial Israeli settlement, which leads to say that it is an anti-Palestinian peace and pro-Israeli peace. But, the Good Friday Agreement has created relatively some quietness and stability between the natives and the settlers in Northern Ireland, whose Catholic-Protestant community is going through conflict transformation process to achieve social justice for all, trying to cure form the history of bloody conflict.It goes without saying that the peace process in the OPT is really still born, but the peace in Northern Ireland has many opportunities to survive and to enable the Irish Catholic demography reunite again in one homeland: the Isle of Ireland. The right of referendum is guaranteed for the people of Northern Ireland to unite in the future with the South or to stay with the United Kingdom, but the Palestinian people have been deprived from the right of referendum by their Palestinian leadership before and after the signing of the Oslo agreements, which means the alienation of the Palestinian people from the participation in the decision-making process. This alienation means the disrespect of the Palestinian people by their Palestinian leadership, who still monopolizes the decision-making. Ultimately, this has empowered the position of the different Israeli occupation governments in negotiations to continue the expansion of Settlement. When all is said about the Oslo agreements, a major question arises: is there a possibility that the Palestinian leadership has realized, when signing these agreements, their catastrophic ends against the Palestinian people and constants? Why has not this leadership envisaged that these agreements have equalized the right to resist occupation with terrorism? Has this leadership been able to recognize that these agreements have galvanized the expansion of Settlement on the Palestinian land, and created the discriminatory Wall that separates between Palestinian roads, farms, tracks, and houses, dividing all of these components into halves? Has time come to this leadership to admit that these agreements humiliate the dignity of the Palestinian people?A thorough comparison between the profit and the loss of the Oslo agreements results, will show that the Palestinian people is the loser. Hence, the logo "Settlement for Peace" seems to be more realistic than the "Land for Peace" slogan. The "Settlement for Peace" is an achievement that the Oslo agreements have attained for the state of occupation, Israel, who was granted peace and Settlement together, while the Palestinian people have been deprived from their own original and legitimate right of the land and peace as a result of Settlement.

Chems Eddine Chitour, El Hachemi Selmi

المدرسة الوطنية المتعددة التقنيات - الجزائر · الجزائر

Le travail élaboré concerne la préparation de catalyseurs à base de bentonite et de kieselguhr activés à l'acide chlorhydrique et imprégnés aux sels précurseurs de nickel, fer et chrome. La caractérisation physico-chimique a été effectuée. Des tests de cracking catalytiques des molécules sondes ont été menés, les meilleurs catalyseurs ont été retenus pour le cracking du gas-oil et du résidu HRS162.

رباب شلالي, رضا شلالي, مريم كيحل

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة زيان عاشور - الجلفة · الجزائر

لقد قام المشرع الجزائري بإدراج نوع جديد من الشركات التجارية ضمن القانون التجاري، وذلك بموجب القانون رقم 22/09 الصادر في 5 مايو 2022، تحت اسم "شركة المساهمة البسيطة". ووفقاً لأحكام هذا القانون، فإن هذا النوع من الشركات مخصص حصرياً للمؤسسات الناشئة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة النظام القانوني لتأسيس شركة المساهمة البسيطة، من خلال توضيح غاية المشرع من استحداث هذا النوع الجديد ضمن الشركات التجارية، وإبراز مزايا وخصائص هذه الشركة وشروط تأسيسها. كما يتناول البحث دراسة مقارنة مع التشريع الفرنسي، باعتبار أن أحكام القانون الجزائري مستمدة منه، وأيضا مع النظام السعودي.توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، أهمها تحديد مكانة شركة المساهمة البسيطة ضمن منظومة الشركات التجارية، وبيان ما يميزها عن باقي أنواع الشركات. كما ساهم البحث في توضيح الفئة المستهدفة بهذا الشكل الجديد من الشركات التجارية، والشروط القانونية المطلوبة لتأسيسها، وادارتها وأخيرا الى انقضائها وما يترتب على ذلك من اثار.A new type of commercial companies in the commercial law has been included, according to Law n° 22-09 of May 5, 2022. It is called the "Simple Joint-Stock Company". According to the provisions of this law, this type of company is exclusively reserved for start-ups. This research aims to study the legal system for the establishment of the simple shareholding company, by clarifying the legislator's purpose in creating this new type of commercial company, and highlighting the advantages and characteristics of this company and the conditions for its establishment. The research also deals with a comparative study with French legislation, as the provisions of Algerian law are derived from it, as well as with the Saudi system.The study reached several results, the most important of which is the identification of the status of the simple shareholding company within the system of commercial companies, and what distinguishes it from other types of companies. The research also contributed to clarifying the target group of this new form of commercial companies, the legal conditions required for its establishment, its management and finally its termination and the consequences thereof.

Houria Achir, Omar Rahmoun

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

This study aims to examine Thomas Edward Lawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom as amomentous instance of the twentieth century English travellers, with an Orientalistviewpoint .Linking the historical approach with an analytical one, it hints the Orientalinfluence on Lawrence’s piece of writing during the Arab Revolt in the First WorldWar by shedding light on myriad features of the Orient that has been mentioned inLawrence‘s account. This research opens by addressing one of the marked Postcolonialissues, namely Orientalism, and its main pioneer Edward Said and hiscontributions, along with an emphasis on the most prominent concepts that shapeLawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom, which are important to the next chapter thatanalyses the oriental aspects and the dramatic events that are described in Lawrence’swork. This dissertation validates that Lawrence‘s Orientalism was a continuation ofthe western accumulations of decades of negative prejudices.

حشاني فتح لله, داود جفافلة

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

إلهام يحياوي, سارة فرابصي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة باتنة 1 - الحاج لخضر · الجزائر