Yasmine Khedaoudj Saidi, Amina Chibani

المدرسة العليا للتجارة - الجزائر · الجزائر

Après avoir segmenté son marché et ainsi défini les segments pertinents, puis ciblé les segments les plus attractifs, toute entreprise devrait déterminer le positionnement souhaité de son produit, et tenter à que ce dernier réponde aux attentes des consommateurs.Ce mémoire aborde et présente en détail tous les aspects du positionnement. On se concentre dans ce cas sur la stratégie de positionnement d'une marque automobile de luxe ; German Motors Services ; en Algérie. l'étude terrain a permis de conclure que la marque adopte un positionnement non adapté au consommateur algérien

Abdelaziz Abboudi, Hamid Djebaili

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة باتنة 2 - الشهيد مصطفى بن بولعيد · الجزائر

Le but de ce travail est d’étudier l'interaction entre le Molybdène, l’Azote et le Zirconium, endéposant des couches minces de Mo-N ,Mo-Zr-N et Zr-N sur des substrats en Silicium et en aciers detype XC par la pulvérisation cathodique F.R avec deux cible (Mo, Zr) pour obtenir des couches deMo-N , Mo-Zr-N et ZrN. L'influence des ratios des gaz plasmagènes, des tensions d’auto polarisationdes cibles et le pourcentage du Carbone sur les propriétés des revêtements ont été étudiées, en utilisantl’EDS, la WDS, l’XPS, la DRX, le MEB, l’AFM, le microscope optique, la nanoindentation, latribométrie alternative et le Scratch test. Les contraintes résiduelles mesurées avec la formule deStoney. L'objectif est d'établir une corrélation entre les propriétés physico-chimiques, mécaniques et lecomportement tribologique des revêtements étudiés. Grâce à la maîtrise des paramètres de déposition,différentes microstructures, associées à différentes propriétés, ont été obtenues. Et grâce à la formationdes nitrures de Molybdène et de Zirconium, la dureté optimale et la résistance à l'usure élevée ont étédéveloppées

تلال رفعت نجم الدين محمد, حمودي أحمد سعيد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

Tuberculosis remains a global epidemic, especially in developing countries. Rapid diagnosis of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection plays a critical role in controlling the spread of tuberculosis. Conventional methods may take up to several weeks to produce results.The objective of the present study was to compare between conventional and molecular techniques in detection of tuberculosis microbe in sputum specimens.This study was conducted on a total of 100 clinically suspects pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Out of 100 patients, 58 were males and 48 were females. Direct smear examination with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied for sputa. Culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium was used as the “gold standard.”The number of positive cases by three different diagnostic techniques was determined. Out of 100 specimen investigated, 16 was Z-N staining positive, 25 were standard culture positive and 24 were PCR positive. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR using culture method as gold standard were 96.1% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Z-N technique using culture method as gold standard were 64% and 100% respectively.It is concluded that PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific technique for detectionof tuberculosis microbe in sputum. Further study with large number of specimens is required to validate the results of the present study.

زياد رشيد حمدي العبيدي, نهى خيري عبدالكريم محمود الهيتي

كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية-جامعة الأنبار · العراق

يتضمن هذا البحث بيان معنى الإعجاز التشريعي في سورة الاحزاب، وبيان أهميته ومميزات التشريع القرآني، وابـــراز جوانـــب مـــن الإعجاز التـــشريعي في مجـــال، الأحكـــام الشرعية، والأخلاق.

Abdelgadir Elfadil Abdelgadir , Mohammed Hamad Abdallah Elsheikh

كلية هندسة المياه والبيئة-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

The study aimed to produce biogas from Vinasse and to manufacture a model of a simplified anaerobic digester at the lowest possible costs that can be used at home, whether using Vinasse or any other organic waste. Cow dung was used by mixing it with vinasse in different proportions and for different periods of time in digesters with a capacity of 2400 ml, until we reached through practical experiments, which in total lasted 175 days, that the most appropriate ratio for mixing vinasse with cow dung under natural conditions and a temperature of (30-40) ◦C, where the ratio was (2:1:1) which is respectively (Vinasse: Cow Dung: Inoculum), the experiment period was divided into plan (A) and the mixing ratio was by diluting the Vinasse to three different degrees on nine Anaerobic digesters, in addition to three other digesters without dilution of the control, the experiment lasted 60 days, and since there was no gas production, the mixing ratios in the test digesters were changed and reversed in plan (B) by increasing and doubling the proportion of vinasse instead of diluting it, and this experiment continued (EX2) was the first gas production in a period of 9 days, and the highest production was 500 ml after 16 days. After 60 days the gas production stopped, so a confirmatory experiment (EX4) was carried out using the only mixing ratio that produced gas (2:1:1), the first gas was produced after 2 days, and the largest quantity in one day was 700 ml, after 21 days of confused. Gas production stopped this time after 64 days, with a cumulative volume of gas by 9960 ml, which means that the anaerobic digester produced an average of 156 ml/day, and that each gram of the mixture produced 25.2 ml of gas in Average temperature 35◦C.Samples of the gas were analyzed and it was found that the percentage of methane gas is (55-60%) and the percentage of carbon dioxide gas is (35-40%), with the presence of other gases in very small percentages. Accordingly, a larger size anaerobic digester was designed to bear 20 kg of organic waste and thus increase the amount of gas production for domestic use, with the possibility of converting it into electrical energy in the future. Accordingly, a larger anaerobic digester was designed to bear 20 kg of organic waste (vinasse), and thus the production of biogas was increased in a period of 60 days to 5833 ml, and it was theoretically possible to produce electricity from this volume of gas of 67.5 Kw.

الهادي جلاب, شذى بنعلي

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة تونس · تونس

Leila Meksem Amara, Sara Tlidjen

كلية العلوم-جامعة باجي مختار - عنابة · الجزائر

Palanichamy Gandhidasan, بلال تنوير

كلية الهندسة-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Since the PV technology improves and maximizes the photoelectrical conversionrates, it has been extensively employed in the recent years. Due to the high initial capitalcost of PV systems, their wide-ranging applications are restricted. This issue of costreduction can be resolved either by increasing the efficiency of the solar cells or using thetechnology of concentration photovoltaics. The objective of this thesis is to reduce thecost of the direct conversion of solar radiation to electricity and present higher efficiencythan the typical flat-type photovoltaic (PV) modules using low concentration technology.For this purpose two configurations of LCPV are employed: V-trough PV system andcompound parabolic concentrator (CPC) integrated with PV. In the present study opticaland thermal modeling for both of these configurations are developed. These models arecoupled with the electrical model to estimate the overall performance of these respectiveLCPV systems. This analytical tool can be very useful to check the liability of thesesystems at various geographical environment conditions. By integrating uncooled simpleflat PV string with unglazed CPC, the amount of power was increased by 45.2%. If watercooling was provided along with the unglazed CPC reflectors and compared withuncooled simple flat PV string, the increase in the electrical power was about 73.6%.Effect of glazing was also studied in PV-CPC system. Glazing protects the reflectors andPV-panel from dust and moisture, but on the other hand it also raises the temperature ofthe PV panel. From electrical point of view glazing reduces the power output andfrom thermal point of view it is beneficial as it increases the thermal gain of the PV-CPC system. Therefore, unglazed PV-CPC is recommended for greater electricpower output but with a little compensation to the advantages of glazing. Similarlyfor V-trough PV system, the power was increased by 37% with the integration of V-trough to simple PV panel. Maximum power output of the actively cooled modulechanges sharply under concentration and non-concentration conditions. The maximumpower increases from 207.4(non-concentration) to 298.8 W (concentration) with apercentage increase of 44%.Furthermore, the experimental setup for V-trough PV system and PV-CPC systemhas been designed, fabricated and tested for various ambient conditions in Dhahran. Sixdifferent configurations were tested simultaneously for PV-CPC system analysis.Experimental data extracted from these laboratory scale bench-top systems showed agood agreement with the numerical model results.

Mohammed E. A. Shayoub, أحمد محمد أحمد محمد مسعد

كلية الصحة العامة وصحة البيئة-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

Improvement of physicochemical properties of tablets and make quality controlfor them is the duty of pharmaceutical efforts, and the effervescent tablets arepalatable dosage form for patient due to easy swallow and ability to mask the bittertaste for many drugs.

Arezki Bali, Rabah Chaid, T. Abadlia

المدرسة الوطنية المتعددة التقنيات - الجزائر · الجزائر

La recherche concerne la formulation et la caractérisation d’un béton à hautes performances (BHP) à partir des ressources disponibles localement et pouvant répondre aux mêmes propriétés que celles des fumées de silice ou des cendres volantes. A cet effet, nous avons procédé à la substitution d’une partie de ciment par du calcaire, de la pouzzolane et du laitier de haut fourneau (qui est un déchet industriel très abondant, donc relativement peu coûteux) dans la perspective de réduire le prix de revient du béton et contribuer à la préservation de la ressource naturelle. Dans l’étude de la formulation, deux points ont été principalement abordés: la nécessité des ajouts cimentaires finement broyés et l’influence de la dimension des gros granulats. Les essais de compression pure, d’endommagement et l’étude du module de Young obtenu par un essai non destructif (module dynamique) et graphiquement en exploitant la courbe contrainte-déformation (module statique), ont permis de caractériser les propriétés mécaniques et élastiques des BHP. La durabilité des BHP a été étudiée dans différents milieux de conservation: eau séléniteuse, eau de mer et des cycles air/eau. Les dégradations ont été observées à différentes échéances entre sept (07) jours et un (01) ans.