بن علي مازيغ , ايمان عروش, صايش عبد المالك

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

في النظم السياسية الاستبدادية، أو التي تمتاز بتركيز السلطات في يد رئيس الجمهورية، غالبا ما يكون مفهوم الاستشارة غائبا، في الواقع تشير جميع الدساتير إلى المهمة الاستشارية، سواء تم تكليفها بهيئات تم إنشائها حصريا لهذه المهمة، مثل الجمعية الاستشارية المؤقتة، التي تم إنشائها لإدارة حالة الأزمة، أو تم تكليفها بمؤسسات لها صلاحيات أخرى.بالرغم من أهمية الدور الاستشاري الذي أشارت إليه معظم الدساتير عن طريق آليات أو مؤسسات مثل مجلس النواب أو المحكمة الدستورية...الخ، تبقى الوظيفة الاستشارية غير فعالة في ظل النظام السياسي الاستبدادي الذي عجز عن تحقيق الفصل والتوازن بين السلطات

إبراهيم سعد أبو دينة, محمد الشتيوي بن عمر

كلية الهندسة-جامعة طرابلس · ليبيا

The stiffness modulus of asphalt in hot id climatics was found to increase rapidly with pavemt age and loading rate this reflects the rapid hding and a complex change in the composition of the asphalt binder occurs due to high thermic susceptibility of the asphalt binder material in hot id zones of sever climate.Besids this there is an increase in traffic heavier loads and higer tire pressures, the chemical composition of asphalt binders material and their rheological and visco-elastic properties also having a great role on the performance of these the asphalt binder material, a higer performance pavemt requires asphalt that is less susceptible to high temprature ruttings or low temprature cracking and having sufficit bonding to stones aggregates. The durability of asphalt concrete is greatly influced by the viromtal changes during the ye betwe hot and cold tempratures and btwe day and night high temprature can soft the asphalt making the mix more suscebtiple to rutting on the other hand low winter tempratures can increase the stiffness of asphalt reduce the flexibility of the asphalt concrete inducing fatique failure and serious cracks which adversly affects the pavemt performanance the problem accetuated in hot id site The loss of flexibility of the binder material will make the asphaltic mix susceptible to shrinkage cracking in the lge temperature ranges that occur in these climates. For many yes, resechers and developmt chemists have experimted with modified bitum’s, of diffrt types . In the last thirty yes many resechers have looked at a wide spectrum of modifying material Resech continues in the quest to find materials that could hance the properties of asphalt mixes thus hancing pavemt performance and reducing road maintance costs. Addition of polymers has become common practice in several countries, with the main objective is improving flexibility and reducing thermal susceptibility of modified asphalt binders. There is growing interesting in asphalts modification with crumb rubber recycled from used tires, since this constitutes an important unique properties for asphalt improvemt. The rubber used to produce tires comprises a mixture of differt componts, of valuable gineering chacterstics, wh crumb rubber is incorporated. The behavior of modified asphalt-rubbers depds on several factors, such as, the origin, fabrication process and grain size, the type of base convtional binder used in the mixture, temperature and time of the mixing process or digestion., a convtional base binder material having a petration grade of 60/70 was mixed with rubber tires of (1-10 % by asphalt weight contts, was mixed for viable digestion times. The binder-rubber mixtures, produced using the wet process, were subjected to convtional tests, such as, petration, softing point, Brookfield viscosity. The objective of the prest work was to investigate the main chacteristics of crumb rubber that affect the physical and the flow and the mehanical properties of modified binders. The results and findings from the study shows that the rubber additive can be added up to 5 % by asphalt weight did improvemts in asphalt intrinsic chacerstics.

Judi Moline, شبل عبدالقادر شبل

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

Asma Slimen, Yacine Gouaiche

كلية العلوم التكنولوجية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

أمينة حروش , رشيدة حبيب, ياقوت كلاخي

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

من خلال دراستنا لموضوع أثر المشروع الاستيطاني على منطقة الغرب الجزائري في الفترةالممتدة( 1850 م- 1919 م) استخلصنا مجموعة من النتائج وهي كالتالي:- السلطة العثمانية لم تملك الأرض كلها على خلاف ما حاولت السلطة الفرنسية عمله حينحاولت تفتيت القبيلة واستولت على أرضها.- لقد ركزت الإدارة الاستعمارية منذ المراحل الأولى على الاستيطان كدعامة أساسية لسياستهاالزراعية بالغرب الجزائري،و بذلك تحولت إلى مستعمرة استغلال زراعي لا تستفيد منها إلا فرنساو الكولون ما نتج عنه إبعاد العنصر الأهلي عن مجال التسيير العقاري

عبدالناصر فضل السيد, محمد البشير أحمد يوسف

كلية الإنتاج الحيوانى-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

A total of 12 male sheep with an average BW of 19±2 kg were used in this experiment to assess the effects of frequency of supplementary concentrate mixture on digestion, rumen fermentation and voluntary feed intake of groundnut haulms. The supplemented concentrate (100 g/day) was offered once (1×), divided into two equal portion offered twice (2×) or divided into three equal portion offered three times daily (3×). The dry matter intake (DMI), digestible dry matter intake and crude protein intake (CPI) of groundnut haulms showed no significant difference if concentrated supplement were offered once (1×), twice (2×) or three times (3×) a day. The digestibility values for DM, CP and NDF were not responding to the feeding frequencies of concentrated supplement. The total nitrogen intake, urinary nitrogen and nitrogen retention were similar among the frequencies, however, fecal nitrogen was significantly (P< 0.05) different when the concentrated supplement offered 1× than 2× or 3× a day. The ruminal NH3-N was significantly (P<0.05) higher when the concentrated supplement offered 1× than 2× or 3× a day. As a conclusion, sheep maintained on groundnut haulms (10.3% CP) were not responding to a concentrated supplement if offered once (1×), twice (2×) or three times (3×) a day due to a sufficient amount of crude protein in the basal diet.

George El Meouchy , Labaki Georges

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة سيدة اللويزة · لبنان

The formation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been hailed as one of the most significant developments and achievements toward the goal of achieving peace and justice for humality. The birth of this permanent international court has been very tedious and difficult, not to mention controversial. It is yet to be seen how the ICC will function and carry out its duties under the existing climate of political, security and legal apprehension. The objectives of my thesis are first to present a historical background made to establish the different International criminal Courts with an evaluation of previous successes and failures ; second to highlight the process that enventually led to the formation of the ICC through the Rome Statute that was initiated in 1998 ; third to describe the organization of the ICC and its structure ; to discuss the potentials of the court, its objectives in detail ; and fourth to discuss and analyze the future outlooks under current controversies and dilemmas, specifically the objections of the United States to the operation of the court, the various approaches used by States to deal with the legal and constitutional demands of the court, and the expected role that the ICC will play in the evolution of human history. Evidently, the ICC has barely started functioning and it will be fairly impossible to access its performance, but the fact that the International community has finally come to agree on the formation of such a court is reason enough to believe that international law will play a more significant role in attaining world order, peace and justice than any previous time in history.

Myriam Nagi Fahed, El Hayek Jessy

كلية التمريض والعلوم الصحية-جامعة سيدة اللويزة · لبنان

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of insulin resistance ranges from 15.5% to46.5%, among adults. Lebanon reported one of the highest rates reaching 44.6%. Theliterature is suggesting an association between dairy product consumption and insulinresistance, however results are still inconclusive. To our knowledge, no study hasexamined this association in the Middle Eastern Region.Objectives: Examine the association between dairy products' consumption and insulinresistance in a sample of Lebanese adults and to assess the effect of different types of dairy products on insulin resistance.Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among NDU employees,in Zouk Mosbeh, North and Shouf campuses. Four questionnaires were administeredincluding a background and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) shortform questionnaires, food frequency questionnaire and a 24h recall. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) was used to measure percent body fat (PBF). Fasting insulin levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to quantify insulin resistance. A person with HOMA-IR? 2.5 was considered as insulin resistant. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for Windows. P< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The sample consisted of 286 subjects (46.9 % men and 53.1 % women) with amean age of 41.2±11.0 years. Average dairy product intake in the total sample was 2.2servings per day with no significant difference between genders (p=0.999). More than one third of participants (3 8.0%) were insulin resistant with higher proportion of men (47.0%) being insulin resistant compared to women (31.6%) (p=0.008). After controlling for confounders, variables that were directly associated with HOMA-IR when total dairyintake was included in the model were gender (p=0.037), marital status (p=0.01 1), income (p=0.038), PBF (p<O.00l) and fiber (p=0.035) while inversely associated factors included carbohydrates only (p=0.039). The same factors were associated with HOMA-IR, except carbohydrates, when the types of dairy products were included in the model, in addition to yogurt intake (p0.013).Conclusion: This study suggests that yogurt consumption, but not total dairy consumption, was associated with increased insulin resistance.

كرموش محمد خير الدين, لبنة طالبي , مباركة لهوازي

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

إن الدراسات اللسانية تهتم وبصفة عامة بدراسة اللغة، حيث تؤدي الدور الرئيسي في الاتصال و التواصل بين أفراد المجتمع، وتعتبر الوسيلة الرئيسية في خلق الحضارات و بناء المجتمعات الإنسانية، وتعد اللغة من دلائل تكريم الخالق للإنسان، واللهجة بصفة خاصة هي كلام الناس وأحاديثهم في شؤونهم العامة وأداة للتخاطب بينهم، وعليه فإن لكل بيئة ميزة أو صفة خاصة بها

عبدالحميد النفيسي, محمـد حدوش

كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية - سايس - فاس-جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبدالله - فاس · المغرب

This thesis sets out to investigate the heuristic forms of license and appropriation to which the English translation of prototypes of Arabic prose narratives, namely Alf Layla wa Layla, Kalila wa Dinma and Sirat ʻAntara have been subject. Through a thorough analysis of the various translations of these texts, that vastly range from a bowdlerized domesticating rendering to foreignizing literal rewording, it approaches the act of translation as a rewriting and representation of the image of the original text that permits the translator, from his power-vested position as a Westerner over an Oriental text, to strip the latter of its character and individual identity. This thesis tries to account for the translator’s visibility in and appropriation of the original as less emanating from any disinterested theoretical or procedural understanding of translation as from deliberate actions and conscious choices, and as less entailed by a deficit in equivalence between the two natural languages involved in the translation as by a felt need to put the foreign text into the service of a variety of purposes and to make it fit with the poetic and ideological imperatives, expectations and prejudices of the receiving system. The present study uses a qualitative method that seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the phenomenon under study. The analysis of data involves the three basic stages characteristic of this approach, i.e. description, analysis and interpretation. In investigating the forms of appropriation and manipulation to which Arabic pseudo-narratives were subject in English translations, I tried to make sure that the case studies are adequately representative of and methodologically sampling the topic of the thesis, and also that they demonstrate sufficient similarities and systematic relations that allow for their coding within a comprehensive interpretive model. Our line of inquiry led us to conclude that appropriation was a systematic and regular translation behaviour in the transfer of Arabic pseudo-narratives into English and that despite the wide differences that existed among the individual translators, its realization in their actual translations differs in form not in essence, in manifestation not in character.