ثمين هيجاوي, خالد علي مصطفى سليمان

جامعة القدس · فلسطين

With the rising of population, demand for agricultural land and food production is risingtoo, while the natural resources (land and water) become more limited.Therefore, a state of conflict and competition over land and water resources has arisen andcontinues to prevail, since the agriculture sector has contributed to the over all incomeespecially women activities, provides people with most of their food needs and provideswork opportunity for those who were forbidden to go to Israel to work.The process of confiscation the land for the above reasons, follow these means: Landconfiscation for security needs included Jordan valley lands about 190 thousand donoms,Land confiscation in a claim of governmental lands which contributes about 13% from thearea of west bank, which is the most familiar, Land confiscation for establishingsettlements or expansion it, and to create by-pass roads for their use, and the settlementsthat founded from 1977 – 1983, with a total of 15165 donoms in Jenin area from 938028donoms ,and they are: Harmeesh, Hannaneet, Rehan, Shakeed, Mevodotan, Ganim, Qadim,Sa Nur, Homesh and Arraba Military PostAnd finally the most of the confiscated fertilized land was taken by the racial separationwall, and we aren't to forget the by-pass roads that connect settlements with green line(1948), these roads takes over 1650 donom, so we will focus in our study on the racialseparation wall in Jenin district.The overall objective of the research that’s conducted in the period from May 2004 to June2005, is studying the impact of land confiscation and the natural resources on theagriculture management systems in Jenin district to develop, determine and analyze themeasures of the socio - economic impacts from the use of limited land and water in suchway that improve and sustainable living standards of the farming population.For descriptive and comparative study, Information was collected by questionnairesthrough interviews in means of family survey, and secondary data from different sources.The family survey include the farmers in two areas, the selection of the locations dependedon the most affected families by the separation wall and the most confiscation of naturalresources, which led to escalate unemployment, so the locations in area 1 are Anin, AlTaybehand Zboba at the north west, Tura Ash Sharqeia and Al Gharbeia, Ya’bad, NazletAL-Sheikh Zeid, Om Dar, Al-Khuljan, Zabda and Daher Al- A'bed in area 2 at the southwest of Jenin.The process of the separation wall construction had a major economic impact, while therelative intensity of the impact varies by location and economic activity; its immediateeffects included the destruction or confiscation of agricultural land and assets: a total of1094 donoms just confiscated from 2068 donoms of the targeted group in the study ofconsidered area, that the farm income decreased in area 1 by 9.23% after the wall, since itdepends on lands in farming, while in area 2 they depend on animal breeding so thepercentage increases by 4.96%.And the reason is Inaccessibility to agricultural land like grazing lands (pastures) andassets, including water resources that are very expensive and not available. Addedlimitations on the mobility of people and goods (marketing by using of pass roads),therefore higher transactions costs: Marketing faces 67.68 % in area 1 and 66.67 % in area2 for farming production of farmers, the productivity is subjected to severe impacts fromthe political situation especially in area 2 for the animal production and in area 1 for oliveoil production. The alternative of Israeli markets is the wholesale market in Nablus orJenin, and a temporary one in Quabatia, with its extensive trade of large quantities ofagricultural products; as a result 65% of the farmers prefer to sell their goods and productsat the farm or in their homes.For our recommendation, the priority should be taken into consideration in most affectedvillages by land confiscation to improve all public services (education, health and basicinfrastructure) from all aspects, with a number of recommended actions could be applied todetermine the basic needs of compounds and different sites in Jenin district throughfocusing on negative aspects of the separation wall, so to minimize the damages or eveneliminate it, such as developing human resources and supporting the cooperative level asagricultural co-operatives, social services, and establishing active youth centers withvocational training for low income laborers.Encourage sectors that provide job opportunities to create new markets for Palestinianslabor forces through developing productive sector and agricultural sector by governmentaland NGO's (International or local) through:Establish new agricultural roads to ease the farmers transitions to their land and markets,rehabilitate new lands for planting, use consecutive planting, especially plastic housesnurseries, and develop some economical value crops like olive and tobacco, rehabilitate oldwater wells and small streams to elevate quality water and then increase the planting area,recycle water from plastic houses and home use to irrigate farms by using water harvestingsystem, establish profitable veteran clinics to provide health service for animal assets,rehabilitate pines and fields especially at the east part of the district and secure emergencyfood aid for those who have lost their homes and land due to the wall. And get advantageof international, national, and holly occasions to empower Palestinians about their nationaland social duties which achieve cooperative society

Belkacem Si Tayeb , Christophe Champion , Saida Mokrani

كلية العلوم-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

De nos jours,Il est très rare de trouver des travaux de recherche sur la diffusion élastique par des biomolécules, à la fois expérimentaux et théoriques.Nous développons ainsi une méthode qui peut être considérée comme pionnière puisqu'elle offre une description quantique multi-différentielle du processus élastique induit par des cibles biomoléculaires.Dans notre cas, nous étudions la diffusion élastique d'électrons par les composants du squelette de l'ADN tels que le 1,3-dihydroxytétrahydrofurane (1.3-dhTHF,C_4 H_8 O_3), le désoxyribose (DR,C_5 H_10 O_4),alcool a-tétrahydrofurfurylemonophosphate (THFAMP, C_5 H_11 O_5 P) et le désoxyribose monophosphate (DRMP : C _5 H_11 O_7 P), pour des énergies d'impact allant de 20 eV à100 keV. Les calculs des sections efficaces sont effectués par le Modèle d'Atomes Indépendants (IAM), en tenant compte des différents potentiels d'interaction tels que le potentiel statique, d'échange et de corrélation-polarisation, ainsi que les effets de diffusion multiples. L'ajout de ces différentes contributions définit donc une nouvelle approche dite IAM-corrigée. Il convient de soulignerquenos résultats montrent de manière très claire que pour des énergies assez faibles et moyennes, le temps d'interaction est adéquat, ce qui signifie que les effets fins jouent un rôle important et ne peuvent être négligés. En l'absence de travaux sur les biomolécules considérées dans ce travail, la comparaison de nos résultats avec les données expérimentales des molécules ayant des structures géométriques similaires a montré des formes de sections efficaces différentielles et intégrales identiques, ce qui renforce ainsi la validation de notre modèle IAM-corrigé.

Nada Alamuddin

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

اسماء ملاح, امينة بن حود, شريفة جعدى

معهد التكنولوجيا-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى توضيح دور لوحة القيادة في مدى مساهمتها في المؤسسة، ولدراسة ذلك حاولنا تطبيقالنتائج النظرية على المؤسسة الوطنية للأشغال في الآبارENTPخلال الفترة 2012-2016،ومن خلال هذه الدراسة سنجيب على الاشكالية التالية: ما مدى مساهمة لوحة القيادة في اتخاذ القرارات المالية في المؤسسة الوطنية للأشغال في الابار ؟ ، حيث تطرقنا لمفهوم لوحة القيادة و القرار المالي و العلاقة بينهما ، كما قمنا بدراسة تطبيقية للوحة القيادة للمؤسسة الوطنية للأشغال في الابار، حيث توصلنا إلى أن هذه الأخيرة ساهمت فعلا في اتخاذ القرار المالي للمؤسسة .Cette étude a pour but de clarifier le rôle du tableau de bord dans la mesure de sa contribution à l'institution Pour l'étudier, nous avons essayé d'appliquer les résultats théoriques à l'ENTP sur la période 2012-2016. Dans la Fondation nationale pour les travaux dans les puits? , Où nous avons discuté le concept de tableau de bord et la décision financière et la relation entre eux, et nous avons étudié l'application du leadership de la Fondation nationale pour les travaux dans les puits, où nous avons conclu que cette dernière a réellement contribué à la décision.

نسيمة ماحي, ساسي عمار

جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Abdul Ghaffar Ali Adam, Lyla Ahmed Mohammed Ali

كلية علوم المختبرات الطبية-جامعة شندي · السودان

of the Problem:Without taking appropriate precautions to prevent transmission of infection, the health facilities that provides health care can cause the spread of infection- so it is necessary when providing health services, to prevent the spread of infection at all times and at various levels by applying all preventive measures and standards related to the control program infection to ensure the protection and safety of those who may be at risk of acquiring infection either in the general community or while receiving and providing health services.Objectives: the main objective of this study is to assess infection prevention and control programs within the hospital by evaluating the implementation of the infection control guidelines.Research Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Managiland Al-Qurashi Localities’ hospitals from March 2017 to August 2021. Three public hospitals were surveyed to study the attitudes of these hospitals regarding the implementation of measures, precautions and standards related to infection control and their link to hospital infection. To achieve the objectives of this study, all health workers in the hospital were interviewed and tested. In these hospitals, healthcare workers number (356) in order to assess the knowledge attitudes and practices of health workers towards infection control programs and guidelines. The directors of these hospitals were also interviewed to find out the extent of their commitment to implementing and executing all polices and plans related to infection control and their follow up and support for these programs. To achieve the objectives of this study, a bacterial survey was also carried out by taking samples from the surfaces of delivery rooms and surgical operations inside these hospitals to identify the bacteria presence, in order to determine the application of preventive measures, especially measures and precautions related to protective clothing, hygiene and sterilization operations. The data was collected using a questionnaire that was designed for the study and also through observations; the data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The qualitative results of this study through observation and interview with the directors of these hospitals, showed that all hospitals in the study area were not committed to implementing the regulations, policies and practices of infection control programs, which was reflected in the low level of public health in terms of environmental sanitation, as well as the absence of programs, plans or directives that limit spreading of infection, and ensuring the safety of patients, staff and visitors.The findings of this study also revealed that the level of knowledge of workers inside these hospitals about infection control guidelines and practices was poor, as only (27,7%)recognize the infection control manual (infection control programs and polices) (20,2%) know the chemical sterilization of medical equipment, (17,1%) know the use of technologies of physical sterilization of medical equipment, (12%) practice correct hand washing methods, (10%) use soap and water for washing hands, (13,1%) practiced hand washing ,after taking samples from patients. All workers are not obligated to wash hands after contact with patients. This is an indication of opportunities for the spread of infection between health workers and patients. (7,2%) of the workers wash their hands immediately upon contact with the blood or fluids of patients. Likewise, only (7,9%) of the workers dispose of sharp objects and needles in the designated safety bow. Therefore, (95,8%) of the workers carried out covering of wounds before the start of work, (4,8%) participated in training programs for infection control.The study concluded that the general average of workers’ knowledge of infection control programs and polices was weak , their attitudes towards following preventive measures were high, especially in wearing personal protective equipment, and the improvement of practice was poor, but the performance was poor due to the lack of suppliers and the absence of guiding means, and posters, and the lack of training and follow-up led to poor performance and knowledge of infection control program items such as hand washing, safe disposal of medical equipment and medical units, as well as there is no logistical and material support from the administrations of these hospitals for infection control programs and follow-up on their implementation.The study recommended necessity of implementing periodical training programs for health workers in these hospitals, providing tools, equipment and educational aids such as posters, brochures, and posters related to infection control. (The study also recommended the establishment of infection control units and committees in each hospital in order to follow up on the implementation of all programs related to infection control and to evaluate them on an ongoing basis)

Abdalla A. Abu Libdeh, Kassim Shaaban

الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

صلاح الدين منقور, يوسف روباش

كلية اللغات والاداب-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على اتجاهات البلاغة الجديدة بمناحيها المختلفة من لسانية وفلسفية وبلاغية ونقديةّ، وربطها بسلطة الإقناع المتلقي في الخطاب الشعري من جهة، ومن جهة أخرى الوقوف على قصدية التخييل التي رسمتها البلاغة الجديدة وكانت بعض النماذج الشعرية لجمعية العلماء المسلمين الجزائريين حقلا لهذه الدراسة

Nabila Ayadi, Nadjet Senoussi

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

Apprendre des cours académiques a besoin d'étudiants à maîtriser certaines techniques d'étude afin d'accomplir avec succès leurs tâches académiques. La prise de notes est considéré comme extrêmement importante dans penchant de différentes situations, en particulier, à l'établissement des cours. Le but de la présente étude est d'examiner les enseignants EFL et des élèves des attitudes à l'égard de l'efficacité de la prise de notes sur les élèves conférence rétention. Sur la base, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que les enseignants et les élèves ont des attitudes positives à l'égard de l'efficacité de la prise de notes sur l'amélioration des étudiants EFL conférence de rétention contenue. Tout au long de cette recherche une méthode descriptive est utilisée par deux questionnaires. Le premier questionnaire est administré à une cinquantaine d'étudiants de troisième année. Tendis que le second est donné à quinze enseignants de différents modules dans le même département. Sur la lumière des données recueillies à partir des deux questionnaires, les résultats ont confirmé notre hypothèse.

Belgacem Rebiai , Said Kouachi

كلية العلوم‎-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1 · الجزائر