Jayme Rudolf Reichart , Lisa K. Sabbahy

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

Gardens in ancient Egypt are known from the Early Dynastic Period to the Graeco-Roman Period from archaeological, textual, and pictorial evidence. From this evidence, one can differentiate between simple and formal gardens. This thesis exclusively produces a typology of the S- and Domain of Amun formal garden scenes (the xnty-S-, kAmw-, sS-, at-nt-xt-, and Hrrt-S-formal gardens) represented in the early to mid-late Eighteenth Dynasty Theban private tomb art prior to the Amarna Period (TT E2, TT 39, TT 63, TT 80, TT 81, TT 85, TT 87, TT 90, TT 93, TT 96, TT 100, TT 109, TT 161, and TT 334) by their Egyptian names. These formal gardens are examined in this study through (i) visual analyses and (ii) discussions in terms of their additional extant evidence, tomb locations, flora and fauna they sustained (including their actual growth cycles, as well as use, symbolism, and significance for the ancient Egyptians in life and death found in Appendix II: Herbarium and Faunarium), and wider sociocultural significance and relevance to the tomb-owners’ titles in early to mid-late Eighteenth Dynasty Thebes prior to the reign of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten. This study concludes that the formal gardens represented as tomb scenes, and the actual ones known from extant textual, pictorial, and/or archaeological evidence of the period, were symmetrical and even sometimes asymmetrical landscapes, that were located in proximity to either private homes and tombs, palatial residences, cult and/or memorial temples/shrines, and domains. The S-formal gardens were first constructed by the pharaohs, who sometimes gifted them to private and royal individuals, and which influenced other elite individuals, who had the power and resources, to construct ones of their own. The xnty-S-, kAmw-, sS-, at-nt-xt-, and Hrrt-S-formal gardens were principally constructed as monuments (mnw) by the kings for their palaces or for the gods. In the royal and private spheres, the S- and Domain of Amun formal gardens were aesthetic landscapes with numerous features used for sports, leisure, music, song, and dance performances, boat rites, meals, wakes, private banquets, and/or religious festivals and rituals, as well as provided surplus flower, herb, wine, fruit, fish, fowl, incense, and/or honey production for the institution(s) to which they were connected. Important to note is that the native and foreign flora of these formal gardens would have been purchased and/or introduced locally as seeds, fruit, and/or potted young specimens via gardeners or one’s other gardens or via foreign trade. Each of the 42 floral and 11 faunal species identified in these formal gardens have a specific growth and/or development cycle, which only allows them to be in bloom and/or available for harvest during a certain time of the year for use in food, medicine, festivities, meals, banquets, offerings, and floral arrangements, etc . Additionally, these formal gardens and their production were established, constructed, cultivated, maintained, overseen, and administered by intricate networks of individuals who worked in and/or liaised with them directly or indirectly. This relationship was evident in terms of the relevant titles of the tomb-owners and their colleagues, as well as from the location of the formal garden scenes in the porticos, transverse halls, passages, and chapels of the tombs in proximity to other self-glorifying ‘focal representations’ ( Blickpunktsbilder) that would have been regularly viewed by family and community members and ideally visited by the bA and kA of the tomb-owner after death.

محمد محسن نعمه, ندى فاضل توفيق

كلية العلوم-جامعة النهرين · العراق

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of alpha-particles, gammarays and (He-Ne) laser beam on the track registration and optical properties of  CR-39 detectors. Twenty-four detectors divided into five groups. First group:include nine detectors  were exposed to different powers of (1, 5 and 10 mW) of laser beam at  times (5, 10 and 15 min) and then irradiated to alpha-particles from 226 Ra source. Then it was measured following track parameters, track diameters-D,track density-ρ, and calculated the bulk etching rate-V B , track etching rate-V ,critical angle-Ө , etching efficiency-η, Sensitivity-S, tching ratio rate-V.The results show there was increased in the values of -D, ρ, V cB, VT and Ө with increasing of the exposure times of laser beam at (1, 5 and 10 mW) powers, and decrease in the values of-η, S and V with increasing in the exposure time of laser beam at_1 mW power, while increasing within increase of exposed times of laser beam at (5 and 10 mW) powers. And found the appropriate etching time of CR-39 track detector at etching time of -4 h with NaOH etchant solation and-6.25 N at temperature 60 o C. Second group: includes un-irradiated detector as a control.Third group: include five detectors from CR-39 detector it was irradiated by gamma radiation from 60 Co source with doses (300, 500, 800, 1200 and 1600 kGy). Fourth group: include third groups where it was exposed to laser beam at 10 mW power for 15 min. Fifth group: include nine detectors were exposed to powers-1, 5 and 10 mW of  laser beam at times (5, 10 and 15 min). The optical properties of  detector were studied by using the UV-Vis. and FTIR spectroscopy.Where it was calculated the optical energy band gap and number of carbon atom to groups (Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth). The results of ultraviolet spectra show increasing in the absorbance-A of detector with increasing in the time exposure of laser beam at different powers and gamma doses, and also  decreasing in the optical energy band gap and increasing in the number of carbon atom with increasing in the exposure time of  laser beam at different powers and gamma doses. As for the FTIR spectra show change in the peak position of the bands detector to groups (Third, Fourth and Fifth).

Hadjira Haboul , Meriem Sellami, O. Maafi

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة وعلوم الأرض والكون-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

Le maïs est susceptible de stress hydrique, en particulier lors de la germination. L'expérience degermination des graines de quatre génotype de maïs sous différentes dises d’eau ont été réalisées. On afixé trois doses : 5ml, 10ml et 20ml.Les résultats indiquent que G3 et G4 ont germé plus rapidement et plus grand que G1 et G2. Le tauxde germination, le poids frais et le poids sec des racines et coléoptile, moyenne de la longueur desracines de quatre génotypes de maïs ont tous diminué sous le stress hydrique, mais ils ont diminuédavantage chez G2 et G1 que dans G3 et G4. Cependant, le totale de germination et le poids frais deG3 et G4 était évidemment plus élevé que celui de G1 G2 sous le stress de 5ml, 10 et 20 ml d’eau. Cesrésultats ont montré que la résistances à la sécheresse de G3 et G4 étaient plus élevées que celles deG1et G2 en ayant un système racinaire plus puissant et capacité d'ajustement osmotique plus élevée.

هديلٌ عزّ الدينٌ محمد, بشار دراغمة

كلية الدراسات العليا-الجامعة العربية الأمريكية · فلسطين

رسمية عبد القادر, عودة عبد الله , إبراهيم عبد الرحيم محمد مصطفى

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

يعد الأنبياء عليهم السلام النماذج التي يقتدي ويتأسى بها الناس , فهم منارات الهدى ومصابيح الدجى , جعل الله تعالى أقوالهم وأفعالهم محلاً للتأسي والاقتداء . ولقد أصاب الأنبياء عليهم السلام في مواجهتهم للأحداث والوقائع كثيرٌ من الانفعالات النفسية التي تركت آثاراً في مسيرة دعوتهم, كالغضب, والخوف, والندم, واليأس, وغيرها من الانفعالات. فجاءت هذه الدراسة المتواضعة لتتناول هذه الانفعالات النفسية من منظور قرآني ودراسة شخصية الأنبياء من خلال هذه الانفعالات , ثم معرفة مدى تأثيرها على عصمتهم عليهم السلام , والقيم التربوية المستفادة منها. فعرّفت أولاً الانفعالات عند علماء الشرع والنفس, وبيّنت أقسامها, ثم تكلمت عن بشرية الأنبياء عليهم السلام. ثـم تحدثـت عـن عصـمة الأنبياء , وبيّنت أن الانفـعالات التي حدثـت لهم لم تؤثر على عصـمتهم. ثم بدأت الحديث بالتفصيل عن أبرز الانفعالات التي حدثت للأنبياء عليهم السلام, فذكرت انفعال الخوف ودلالته النفسية, والمشاهد التي ذكرها القرآن الكريم لهذا الانفعال عند الأنبياء, ثم تحدثت عن أهم القيم التربوية لهذا الانفعال. وذكرت باقي الانفعالات التي حدثت للأنبياء في سبعة فصول وهي: انفعال الغضب والندم, واليأس, والتبسم والعبوس, والحزن, وذكرت دلالة هذه الانفعالات النفسية, والمشاهد القرآنية لها, وعرّجت على القيم التربوية والإيجابية لهذه الانفعالات.

Michel Obied, Adil K. Al-Tamimi

كلية الهندسة-الجامعة الأمريكية - الشارقة · الامارات

Engineered Cementitous Composites (ECC) are a class of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites characterized by a strain hardening behavior and a high strain capacity when subjected to tensile loading. ECC integrates micromechanical models and fracture mechanics principles in the design concept which makes it an engineered material. These features promote ECC as a promising material for a wide range of applications which include repair of structures, and resistance to seismic activity, impacts, and blasts. However the high initial cost of the material which is three times the cost of conventional concrete hinders the widespread use of ECC. Also, the high carbon footprint and the high cement volume can be a potential problem for the environment. Therefore this research sought to reduce the cement volume by producing ECC with aggregates and producing it at an Aggregate to Binder ratio of 0.8. This means the new non-standard ECC has twice as much aggregate as can be found in standard ECC. ECC with aggregates is expected to perform better than standard ECC in terms of drying shrinkage, creep, workability, strength, and cost, while still preserving all the good mechanical performance of standard ECC. There is however a decrease in strain capacity from 5% to 2%. Other researchers also faced this decrease in strain capacity when investigating ECC with aggregates. Yet, this research provides an even better version of ECC with aggregates which has a compressive strength of about 82 MPa and a tensile strength of 8 MPa on average. Furthermore, the fiber / matrix interfacial bond (τ) was estimated to be around 1.4 MPa. The high estimated bond value was a result of using a special technique to increase the strength and the particle packing of the ECC matrix. Moreover, by using local materials available in the UAE, this research proved that aggregates in the UAE are suitable for making ECC. Finally, this research attempted to use Ultra-fine fly ash in order to regain strain capacity and to enhance the greenness and the workability of the material. Results of the current research will open the door into a vast range of research regarding ECC with aggregates.

ابراهيم صلاح الدين محمود ابوطالب, خالد نصار اسامة حسنى

كلية العلوم والهندسة-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

Traditional approaches to the construction site layout problem have been focused mainly on rectilinear facilities where the importance proximity measures are mainly based on Cartesian distances between the centroids of the facilities. This is a fair abstraction of the problem; however it ignores the fact that many facilities on construction sites assume non-rectilinear shapes that allow for better compaction within tight sites. The main focus of this research is to develop a new approach of modeling site facilities to surpass limitations and inefficiencies of previous models and to ensure a more realistic approach to construction site layout problems. A construction site layout optimization model was developed that can suit both static and dynamic site layouts. The developed model is capable of modeling any rectilinear and non-rectilinear site shapes, especially splines, since it utilizes a parametric modeling software. The model also has the ability to mimic the “dynamic” behavior of the objects’ shapes through the introduction and development of three different algorithms for dynamic shapes; where the geometrical shapes representing site facilities automatically modify their geometrical forms to fit in strict areas on site. Moreover, the model provides different proximity measures and distance measurement techniques rather than the normal centroidal Cartesian distances used in most models. The new proximity measures take into consideration actual movement between the facilities including any passageways or access roads on site. Furthermore, the concept of selective zoning was introduced and a corresponding algorithm was provided; where the concept significantly enhances optimization efficiency by minimizing the number of solutions through selection of pre-determined movement zones on site. Soft constraints for buffer zones around the site facilities were developed as well. The site layout modeling was formulated on commercial parametric modeling tools (Rhino® and Grasshopper®) and the optimization was performed through genetic algorithms. After each of the algorithms was verified and validated, a case study of a real dynamic site layout planning problem was made to validate the comprehensive model combining all of the modules together. Different proximity measures and distance measurement techniques were considered, along with different static and dynamic geometrical shapes for the temporary facilities. The model produced valid near-optimum solutions, a comparison was then made between the layout that is produced with the model and the layout that would have been produced by other models to demonstrate the capabilities and advantages of the produced model.

سميحة الأبيض, عادل محلو

كلية اللغة والأدب العربي والفنون-جامعة باتنة 1 - الحاج لخضر · الجزائر

تتناول الدراسة التراكيب في اللغة العربية وأصنافها, التعريف بالمدوّنة, أصناف الجمل ودلالاتها في سورة النساء, التقديم والتأخير ودلالاتهما في سورة النساء

بختة هواشرية , رشيدة براهيمي, مسعودة براهيمي

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة اكلى محند أولحاج - البويرة · الجزائر

خالد صالح محمد عبدا لله القطبة, عماد عبد الرحيم الدحيات

كلية الحقوق-جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة · الامارات

هدفت هذ الدراسة العلمية إلى التعرف على الرقابة القانونية على أعمال مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة العامة في ظل قانون الشركات التجارية الإماراتي رقم (2) لسنة 2102. وقد تناولت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي النقدي، حيث تناولت آلية تشكيل مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة العامة والنظام القانوني لعمل مجلس الإدارة وقمنا فيه بالتعرض لآلية تعيين وعزل مجلس الإدارة من خلال تعيين رئيس مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة العامة ونائبة وكذا تعيين العضو المنتدب وشروط تعيين أعضاء مجلس الإدارة نهاية بعزل أعضاء مجلس الإدارة. ثم بينا بعد ذلك اختصاصات مجلس الإدارة وكذا مسؤولياته واجتماعاته ومدته انتهاء بمكافأة مجلس الإدارة وإصدار القرارات. ثم بعد ذلك تعرضت بالدراسة والتحليل والنقد إلى دراسة التنظيم القانوني للرقابة على أعمال مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة العامة، والذي تناولته عن طري دراسة وتحليل رقابة الجمعية العمومية ورقابة مدق الحسابات وتعد هذ الرقابة هي الواضحة والتي تمثل رقابة حقيقية على أعمال مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة العامة، ثم تم التعرض للرقابة الإدارية، ثم ختمت الرسالة بأهم النتائج والتوصيات والمراجع