إبراهيم الحاج المهدي, ازهرى محمد حامد حسن , عوض محمد عبدالرحيم, محمد عمر

كلية الهندسة والتكنولوجيا-جامعة الجزيرة · السودان

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important helminthic zoonosis in the world. The disease caused by adult and larval stages of Echinococcus Spp. The current study was conducted to determine the infection rate of hydatidosis and cysts condition in cattle, sheep, goats and camels slaughtered in the abattoirs. A total of 6521 slaughtered animals, 3069 cattle, 2430 sheep, 750 goats and 272 camels were inspected for hydatid cysts. The infection rate of hydatid cyst was found to be 3.3%, 6.2%, 1.1% and 44.8% in cattle, sheep, goats and camels respectively whereas, an infection rate of 100% and 73.9% were registered in EL-Damazin and Tamboul stray dogs, consecutively. The distribution of hydatid cysts between organs of infected animals was significantly different in cattle (P≤ 0.001) and sheep (P≤ 0.005). The study also showed that relationship between age and cyst counts has a significant difference (P≤ 0.001). However, significant differences were found in host age classes between male and female in camels, sheep and goats (P≤0.01). No significant difference was scored between male and female in host sex in cattle (P≥0.05). CE infection was significantly different among host species (P≤ 0.0001). Females were significantly more likely to be infected in cattle (P≤ 0.001) than in sheep (P< 0.01). The results showed that infection rate differed significantly by host age in cattle (P≤ 0.001), sheep, goats and camels (P≤ 0.01).A positive correlation was found between age class and CE abundance in cattle (r=0.75; P≤0.001) whereas, in sheep, goats and camels (r=0.67;0.53;0.69 ;P ≤ 0.01) respectively. Twenty six E. granulosus isolates were collected from cattle (3), sheep (3), camels (14) and human (6) and were genotyped by using RFLP- PCR and loop mediated isothermal DNA amplification assay (LAMP). Echinococcus canadensis (G6) was reported in all examined isolates. In conclusion, camel is the most suitable intermediate host that helps maintain hydatidosis recycling among aberrant intermediate host (man and animal). Moreover, G1 genotype which is known of its highly infectivity to human is not reported in this study. The study recommended that G1 genotype should be studied in any further studies.

عبد الكريم هجرس, عماد الورعادي, فارس مرزوقي

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

بالزروقي خالد , بلخير عبد الرحمان, كريمة بن سعدة

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية، التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

تعبر السياسة المالية عن مجموعة من الأساليب والإجراءات والقرارات والتشريعات التي تصدرها الدولة لتنظيم الحياة الاقتصادية، وكذا التأثير في عدة عوامل يعتمد عليها الاقتصاد أهمها الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر. وعلى هذا الأساس فقد تناولت الدراسة السياسة المالية ودورها في جذب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر الذي يعتبر ظاهرة من الظواهر الاقتصادية بالغة الأهمية حيث تعتمد عليه أي دولة في تنمية اقتصادها ، فالاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر نوعا من الاستثمارات التي تقوم بها المؤسسات أو الأفراد قصد الاستفادة من الامتيازات وذلك في دولة أخرى غير البلد الأم. والجزائر تعتبر من الدول النامية التي تبذل كل الجهود لتوليد بيئة استثمارية ملائمة تستقطب المستثمرين الأجانب ورؤوس أموالهم بهدف تأهيل الاقتصاد الوطني مع متطلبات العولمة، كونها تملك عدة مزايا كالموارد البشرية والطبيعية، وفي نفس الوقت لا يمكن غض النظر أو تجاهل العوائق التي قد تواجه الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر والمستثمرين.

Nadine Abed, Sabrina Zemmour, Yelina Adjaoud

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

This study is a didactic investigation of the use of English movies in education for better vocabulary learning and text comprehension. It aims at investigating the effect of watching movies on students’ vocabulary learning and text comprehension, also at identifying the most effective tool (movies or texts) in increasing vocabulary learning and comprehension. Moreover, it intends to explore participants’ perceptions towards the use of English movies in their vocabulary learning in the EFL classroom. To achieve these objectives, the study relied on an experiment and a questionnaire to collect data. Firstly, the population was first year students of English at the University of Abderrahman-Mira/Bejaia. 40 students were randomly selected as the sample of the study, and randomly divided into two Groups, A and B, 20 students in each group. Both were administered the same pre-test to measure their level of vocabulary knowledge and comprehension. After that, Group A received vocabulary instruction through watching a movie whereas Group B received the same instruction through reading a text. Then, they were administered the same post-test after the treatment. However, only Group A took part in answering the questionnaire afterwards. The findings, after the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data, reveal that watching English movies enhances learners’ vocabulary knowledge and comprehension. Also, movies are superior to texts in improving vocabulary and comprehension. They aid students in grasping new words and their contextual usage, enhancing learning and enjoyment. Additionally, movies alleviate anxiety, boost motivation, and make teaching a more pleasant experience for educators.

كنزة بودرياس , كهينة ڨونان

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

ترتّب على تفشي فيروس كورونا كوفيد-19 باعتباره جائحة عالمية عابرة للحدود، اتخاذُ معظم الدول لتدابير احترازية بهدف حماية أمنها الصحي. وكان لهذه التدابير انعكاسات سلبية في مختلف المجالات، لا سيما المجال الاقتصادي، توقّف على إثرها سريان الالتزامات التعاقدية التي دخلت إجباريًا تحت طائلة القوة القاهرة والظروف الطارئة. بحيث استوفت الجائحة شروط القوة القاهرة بالنسبة لبعض العقود، مما أدى إلى انتفاء المسؤولية العقدية للمدين وانفساخ العقد بقوة القانون، وبالنسبة للبعض الآخر من العقود، استوفت شروط الظروف الطارئة، مما استوجب تدخل القاضي لإعادة التوازن العقدي، ويَبقى المدين في هذه الحالة مسؤولًا عن التنفيذ بعد رفع الإرهاق عن التزاماته. أسفرت جائحة فيروس كورونا عن آثار سلبية، خاصة على العقود المتراخية التنفيذ (عقد إيجار المحل التجاري وعقد مقاولة أشغال البناء) هذا من جانب، ومن جانب آخر، كان لها آثار إيجابية رهيبة في تاريخ المعاملات الإلكترونية، بحيث شكّلت نقطة تحول وانتعاش في مجال التجارة الإلكترونية والدفع الإلكتروني، الذي أضحى الحل الأنجع للتعايش مع تلك الظروف الاستثنائية.

Eman Ali Abdalmotalab Fageery, Rashid Abdelhaleem Saeed

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

The Communication link of CubeSat satellite suffers from Poor power of received signal, therefore, the link of CubeSat satellite is Susceptible to noise and interference and the signal may be lost because the CubeSat satellite transmit the signal to long distance at UHF, VHF frequency to increase the power received signal the gain of antenna most be increase so the slotted rectangular patch antenna is designed by using trial and error method by using HFSS simulator The slots is made to increase gain and enhance the VSWR and return loss without changing the patch antenna dimensions .this is antenna instead of the dipole antenna that is used in the CubeSat satellite it has gain of 2.5 dBi the slotted patch antennais used because it has some advantages such as low cost, low profile, easily fabricated, small size. All of these specifications fit with small satellite (cube satellite) it gave us the gain about 8.5dBi ,this is the value of gain is added to power received signal after that the link budget is calculated by using MATLAB simulator and then the link performance is evaluated by calculating the C\No and Eb\No ratios.

Usha Natarajan, هند يوسف عبدالرحمن حسنى

كلية الشئون الدولية والسياسات العامة-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر

It is commonly contended that international legal regime aims at promoting equality between states and helping underdeveloped states develop. Amongst the methods that have been argued to promote economic development is increased patent protection. Proponents of the patent regime argue that increased protection will increase foreign direct investment in different sectors of developing countries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, as well as allow for the spread of technology and known how. However, as the thesis will show this has not been the case. The thesis will demonstrate how the current international legal regime has a Eurocentric bias that works to the benefit developed and against developing states. Therefore, perpetuating a cycle of underdevelopment, poverty and inequality, within developing states. Specifically, this argument is made through an analysis of the patent regime and its effects on access to pharmaceuticals, which demonstrates how increased patent protection, especially under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Treaty, has resulted in the is lack of access to medicine in developing countries. Consequently, people in underdeveloped countries remain sick, unproductive, and experience high mortality rates from curable diseases, which directly affects the economic development of those developing states.

Fatiha Benghanem, Bellal Youcef, Saida Keraghel

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة فرحات عباس - سطيف1 · الجزائر

Deux bases de Schiff originales nommées L1 et L2 sont synthétisées en utilisant la méthode de condensation et caractérisées par (FT-IR, DRX et AE). Les composés obtenus sont des monocristaux. L'étude de leurs efficacités inhibitrices vis-à-vis de la corrosion des armatures du béton a été réalisée par la polarisation potentiodynamique et la spectroscopie d'impédance (SIE). L'efficacité d'inhibition de L1 et L2 contre la corrosion de l'acier doux dans le béton est étudiée dans le milieu agressif NaCl 0.5M en fonction de la concentration de l'inhibiteur, du temps d'immersion et de la température. Un pouvoir d'inhibition élevé est observé (90% pour L1=10-6M et de 93% pour le L2=10-4M) à t=28jours et T=30°C. Cette inhibition augmente en fonction de la température pour les deux bases de Schiff. Le mécanisme d'action de ces inhibiteurs est défini par l'étude thermodynamique. L'efficacité inhibitrice (EI%) et l'énergie d'activation apparente (Ea) ont été calculées en l'absence et en présence de différentes concentrations de L1 et L2. Les valeurs de ΔGads, Ea, ΔHa, and ΔSa montrent que L 1 et L2 sont des bons inhibiteurs de la corrosion de l'acier doux dans le béton dans un environnement de NaCl 0.5M. Les inhibiteurs étudiés agissent par adsorption selon un processus de chimisorption obéissants à l'isotherme de Langmuir. L’adsorption est confirmée par l’examen des morphologies des surfaces corrodées par MEB. La théorie de la densité fonctionnelle (DFT) a été utilisée pour définir les sites d’action de ces inhibiteurs et les résultats déduits sont en bon accord avec ceux de l’expérimental. Les tests mécaniques réalisés pour examiner l’effet de l’ajout de ces deux inhibiteurs sur la résistance mécanique du béton armé n’a révélé aucune contrainte. Ces composés sont donc promoteurs dans le domaine du Génie Civil.

Mohamed Njah , Safa Ziadi

المدرسة الوطنية للمهندسين - صفاقس-جامعة صفاقس · تونس

The work presented in this thesis focuses on the optimization of the movements of mobile robots in different types of known and unknown, static and dynamic environments. This essentially involves proposing robot movement planning approaches based on the force field method (F²: Force Field) and optimized by the technique of particle swarms (PSO). Two essential approaches have been proposed PSO-CF² at fixed speed of movement of the robot and PSO-DVSF² at variable speed of movement. Then improvements were made to these approaches to be better adapted to unfamiliar environments and to give more stability to the robot's movement by avoiding sudden changes in angular speed (the OSF² approach). A method of parking the robot in the desired position while having the desired orientation has been proposed based on PID controllers whose parameters have been PSO optimized. The different approaches have been tested in different types of environment and have proven their performance. Comparisons were made with other approaches among the best known in the literature such as APF and showed the quality of the approaches proposed in this thesis.

Aryan Ali Mohammed , Chopi Roof Hassan, Solav Faiq Mohammed

كلية التربية الأساسية-جامعة السليمانية · العراق