خيري مرعي, طارق داود محمود احمد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

Palestine considered one of the most significant countries that is full of historical and ancient sites. These sites still stand out as a vivid witness to all civilizations that passed by through history.Which assorting from the simple rural houses to the palaces stand proudly touches softly the domes of these magnificent dwellings. This thesis deals with the traditional architecture in Palestine in the Ottoman period, domestic architecture of palaces and their development in one of the longest historical periods in the history, the Ottoman rule that lasted for four centuries. This studied analyzed and examined these palaces to explore the planning and architectural aspects of such traditional residential buildings, and explain how these played their role and adapted their architecture and study of the interior functions and its influence on architectural and historical heritage.To accomplish the study surveyed the liter related to the topic plus field study. The thesis also documents some of the most important palaces using architectural plans, elevations and sections. The analytical approach is used to find the connection between 'function and form' of such palaces and to compare these results with other examples in the city and other rural areas throughout Palestine.The first chapter dealt with the Palestinian architecture styles, where the second chapter discussed the planning and architecture of Palestine especially in Ottoman period and the factors affecting it. The third chapter provided typological studies of residential buildings in the neighborhood of Palestine and region, as in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan-especially Salt and Karak .Chapter four classified the architectural style in Palestine. A detailed description was displayed in chapter five. It dealt with the architecture of traditional residential buildings by studying the architecture, function, construction materials and planning of these buildings, and analyzing in detail the features and similarities of such dwellings and discussing the developments of their architecture through time. Results indicated that:-- palaces incurred many architectural developments. This was assured by the study made on living examples of the rulers' palaces in the city of Nablus, which played an important role in the development of Palestinian vernacular architecture and had shaped the Palestinian dwelling for the following history in Palestine.

نهى عبدالله أباردازو, وائل خريش

كلية سليمان العليان لإدارة الأعمال -الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

The rise of social media platforms has witnessed a disturbing increase in online abusive behavior, causing psychological harm, especially among children. This study focuses on detecting implicit abusive language, often overlooked in favor of explicit abuse. Implicit abuse conceals derogatory language within seemingly positive expressions, making it harder to identify. Using Twitter data, we collected and annotated a dataset distinguishing implicit, explicit, and non-abusive language. Our research leveraged traditional, deep learning, and transfer learning models to detect online abusive language. The Ensemble BERT model achieved a remarkable F1 score of 0.72 and AUC of 0.81 in detecting Implicit Abuse versus not abusive content. This research provides a deeper understanding of the nuances of online abuse and offers a significant step toward creating a safer online environment that promotes healthy digital interactions and the well- being of users.

Amel Meddeb-Makhlouf, Noureddine Boudriga

المدرسة العليا للمواصلات - تونس-جامعة قرطاج · تونس

The proliferation of heterogeneous computer networks adds a large complexity to the intrusion detection problem. In particular, the increased connectivity of computer systems gives greater access to outsiders and makes it easier for intruders to bypass detection; especially, when attacks are spread through the network. In such case, the attacker can launch a distributed attack. The main problem of our research is to enhance the performance of traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) in order to detect distributed attacks. To reduce the drawbacks of existing techniques; we develop in this thesis work several solutions and mechanisms. Our first approach proposes a general correlation environment using a novel concept called Multi-violation Detectors (MvD). The MvD-based correlation function manipulates modified structures of events based on metrics that evaluate them. The used correlation functions are managed using a neural-like network architecture that deploys two categories of learning algorithms: a supervised algorithm using back propagation learning to detect known attacks and a non-supervised algorithm using Self-Organizing Map to detect unknown attacks. The second approach develops IDSs for the wireless environment. To this end, three issues have been addressed: (1) providing a useful tool, that is capable of analyzing radio-based attacks on the radio interface; (2) developing a cooperative environment based on the signal analysis; and (3) developing a wavelet-based correlation to help distributed detection. The third approach proposes a global intrusion detection and tolerance system that allows the detection of a set of complex attacks, at their early stages. It integrates the analysis of storage requests (such as read/write) in order to detect whether they are legitimate or malicious. In order to be able to detect distributed attacks, a global cooperation scheme involves the remaining sites, occurring in the detected attack. Additionally, we set up an intrusion tolerance process that allows the collection of an ad hoc set of evidences that may help to detect the Distributed-Reflector Denial of Service attacks

Ourabeh, Said Bouhired

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

L’étude de ce projet nous a permis, d’une part d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissancesconcernant le domaine du bâtiment et d’approfondir nos connaissances déjà acquises durantnotre cursus sur la règlementation en vigueur.Par ailleurs, cette étude nous a permis d’arriver à certaines conclusions qui sont :- La bonne disposition des voiles, dépend de plusieurs facteurs notamment ; les contraintesarchitecturales.- Lamodélisation en tenant compte des éléments secondaires fait que la rigidité de lastructuremodélisée n’est pas sous-estimée.- La présence des voiles dans la structure a permis la réduction des efforts internes deflexion et de cisaillement au niveau des poteaux et des portiques. Ceci a donné lieu à dessections de poteaux soumises à desmoments relativement faibles, donc un ferraillage avecleminimumdu RPA s’est imposé.- Les sections des poteaux choisies au chapitre pré- dimensionnement ont été augmentéesafin de vérifier l’interaction voiles portiques.- La vérification de l’interaction entre les voiles et les portiques dans les constructionsmixtes est déterminante pour le dimensionnement des éléments structuraux.- Pour garantir une stabilité totale de la structure vis-à-vis des déplacements horizontaux,nous avons vérifié l’effet du second ordre (effet P-delta).- Afin d’éviter la formation des rotules plastiques aux niveaux des poteaux avant lespoutres, on doit impérativement vérifier les moments résistants aux niveaux des zonesnodales.- Le radier est le type de fondation choisi, vu les charges importantes et les petitestrames qui induisent des chevauchements pour le choix des semelles isolées oufilantes.Outre la résistance, est un facteur très important qu’on peut concrétiser en jouant sur le choixde section du béton et d’acier dans les éléments résistants de l’ouvrage, tout en respectant lessections minimales requises par le règlement en vigueu

اميمة علي احمد, نجدة محمد

كلية التربية-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على المشكلات السلوكية التي يواجهها الطلاب ذوي الاعاقة السمعية في كلية الفنون الجميلة والتطبيقية في جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا ومعرفة علاقتها بالاحتياجات النفسية. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي ، وكذلك استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة للدراسة. وشملت العينة 88 طالباً وطالبة ، و 30 طالباً و 58 طالبة. واستخدمت الباحثة برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) الإصدار (17) لتفريغ البيانات ومعالجتها والحصول على النتائج. كما تم استخدام اختبار (T) للعينتين المستقلتين لمعالجة الفروق بين مجموعتين وطريقة واحدة Anova. وأظهرت النتائج في كلية الفنون الجميلة والتطبيقية بجامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا أن المشكلات السلوكية لدى الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة السمعية مرتفعة ، والحاجات النفسية للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة السمعية عالية وتوجد علاقة ارتباطية موجبة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المشكلات السلوكية والاحتياجات النفسية للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة السمعيةوتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة المشكلات السلوكية لدى الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة السمعية حسب متغير الجنس لصالح الذكور. واقترحت الباحثة جملة من التوصيات منها توفير فرص عمل للطلاب ذوي الإعاقة السمعية تتناسب مع وقدراتهم والتي تدربوا عليها أثناء التدريب المهني في الجامعات الحكومية. وأن يقوم المختصون بوضع خطط إرشادية للمشكلات السلوكية في الجامعات والمؤسسات الحكومية لذوي الإعاقة السمعية للتغلب عليها.

Waqed Hameed Hassan, صفاء صبري محمد مهدي, موسى حبيب جاسم

كلية الهندسة-جامعة كربلاء · العراق

Sewerage pipeline networks are one of the essential infrastructures in modern cities serving domestic housing, manufacturing plants, hospitals, schools and other vital utility activities by disposing unwanted wastewater and preventing contamination of the water environment. In recent years, the global population has increased significantly in parallel with commercial and industrial activities. This has led to an increase in water consumption and consequential increases in the quantity of the wastewater produced, meaning that there is a need to construct new sewer networks in various places.     This research illustrates the application of a new hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Heuristic Programming (GA-HP) technique in order to find the optimal design for sewer networks. The objective was to minimize the construction cost function, which is represented by excavation depth and pipe diameter. The proposed GA-HP model has fulfilled the optimum design task into two stages. Firstly, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to obtain the diameters needed for the preliminary design of the network. Secondly, Heuristic Programming (HP) preliminary designs were used to obtain the optimal slope for those diameters and to determine other characteristics such as the velocity, relative depth of water, excavation depths and total cost of the network.     A MATLAB code was used to perform the GA-HP optimization model. The performance of eight different selection methods (RWS, RRWS, LRS, ERS, TRS, SUS, TOS and RMS), seven different crossover methods (One-point, N-point, Uniform, Flat Arithmetic, Intermediate and Shuffle), and different population sizes (50,100, 200, 300 and 400), have been examined using the proposed model to determine their impact on convergence behaviour. Tournament Selection method (TOS) and the One-point Crossover method proved to be the most efficient in relation to the optimal design. The proposed GA-HP model is tested using some benchmark problems of sewer networks from the literature. The results show that the GA-HP model is superior to all previous methods.      In order to ensure the efficiency of the proposed GA-HP model for the design of large networks, it was examined with two case studies located in Karbala Holy city, and compared the cost of the manual designs with the designs obtained from the present model for networks. The saving percentages were (28.1%) and (28.45%) for relatively small and large networks, respectively.

Bouamama Khellil, Khadidja Daoud

جامعة فرحات عباس - سطيف1 · الجزائر

Djaber Beztouh, Sara Benghanem, Thiziri Benkadoum

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية والإدارة-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

L’octroi d’un crédit est la fonction principale de la banque, c’est faire confiance au demandeur en mettant à sa disposition des moyens financiers qui lui permettent d’acquérir immédiatement un bien contre la promesse du client de la restitution des sommes d’argent consommées dans un délai fixé à l’avance. Parmi les crédits à distinguer il existe : crédit d’investissement qui est un crédit à long et moyen terme, et crédit d’exploitation qui est un crédit à court terme.D'une manière générale, les deux crédits présentent des points en commun et autres différents, que ce soit en matière de constitution des dossiers, étude des dossiers, des risques, ou encore de garantie.Dans cette recherche, nous avons articulé notre problématique autour de l’étude d’un dossier de crédit d’investissement et d’exploitation en nous focalisant sur la démarche suivie par la BNA de Bejaia, qui est une banque bien établie dans le schéma bancaire algérien.

H. Ismaili, Karima Bouras

كلية الطب والصيدلة - مراكش-جامعة القاضي عياض · المغرب

Mufeed J.Ewadh, Oda M. Yasser , فردوس عباس جابر

كلية العلوم-جامعة بابل · العراق

Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from absolute or relative decrease in insulin secretion from β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus is considered as a member of oxidative stress syndrome. It is associated with an imbalance between types of free radicals and scavenger systems. This study is aimed to assess the oxidative stress status in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus disease, and to explore the good free radical marker in this state. This research was conducted in Al-Diwaniya General Hospital; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon; Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University; Iraq. This study is designed to screen the serum for certain biochemical variables. The subjects of this study were 55 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 55 apparently healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The main outcome measurements were assessment of specific biological alterations in oxidative stress syndrome: lipid peroxidation and hyperhomocysteinemia; assessment of some enzymatic antioxidants: extracellular superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and creatine kinase; assessment of some non-enzymatic antioxidants: glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin A; and assessment of minerals: iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and selenium. The results pointed out elevated levels of malondialdehyde and total homocysteine significantly in serum of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) disease compared to control, P<0.05. Levels of lipid peroxidation showed a significant negative correlation with levels of vitamin E (r = -0.345, P<0.05), whereas there is no significant negative correlation with vitamin C and A in serum of patients with type 1 DM. While in patients with type 2 DM, the results showed a significant negative correlation with levels of vitamin C (r = -0.24, P<0.05), and a negative correlation but not significant with vitamins E and A. This study reported that extracellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities are significantly higher in serum of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus disease than that of controls, P<0.05. But there is a significant decrease in levels of catalase and creatine kinase enzyme activities in both types of diabetic patients, P<0.05. However, extracellular superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in both types of diabetic patients tends to be altered and did not show a significant correlation with levels of copper or catalase enzyme activity, while there is a significant negative correlation with level of zinc, P<0.05. This study showed that serum glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin A are significantly decreased in patients with type 1 and 2 DM when they are compared with controls, P<0.05. The levels of glutathione showed different correlations, but not significant with levels of malondialdehyde, total homocysteine, and creatine kinase enzyme activity in serum of diabetic patients (with type 1 and 2 DM). Furthermore, glutathione shows a significant negative correlation with level of glutathione S-transferase activity in serum of patients with type 2 DM (r = -0.350, P<0.05), but this correlation is not significant in patients with type 1 DM. The results of this study also indicated that diabetes results in disturbance of trace elements. Thus, there is a significant decrease in levels of serum iron, zinc, chromium, and selenium in patients with type 1 and 2 DM from control, P<0.05. As well as there is a significant increase in levels of copper in serum of patients with type 1 and 2 DM from control, P<0.05. In this study, the results reported no significant difference in levels of malondialdehyde, total homocysteine, glutathione, vitamin C, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, chromium, and glutathione S-transferase, extracellular superoxide dismutase, creatine kinase, catalase activities in serum of smoker diabetic patients with type 1 and 2 DM than that of non-smoker diabetic patients, as well as levels of vitamin E in serum of smokers with type 1 DM, and levels of vitamin A in serum of smokers with type 2 DM than that of non-smoker diabetic patients. But there is a significant difference in levels of vitamin A in serum of smokers with type 1 DM, and vitamin E in serum of smokers with type 2 DM, P<0.05 than that of control. This study concluded that diabetes mellitus is a member of oxidative stress syndrome. It reduces some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. As well as decreased levels of the antioxidants (catalase and glutathione) are good indicators to evaluate the oxidative stress syndrome in diabetic patients, and all free radical markers in this study can be used for early detection of diabetic complications. Smoking reduces the levels of antioxidants, thus increases oxidative stress syndrome, and diabetic complications in diabetic smokers are more than diabetic non-smokers.