Louiza Hachani , Soumeya Bader

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

Cette étude explore l’ethos dans la littérature coloniale à travers les œuvres de Roger Frison-Roche et Isabelle Eberhardt, deux auteurs qui ont écrit sur l’Algérie coloniale. En analysant leurs récits, elle examine comment chacun construit son image d’auteur et comment cette construction influence leur représentation des cultures algériennes. Frison-Roche, dans Djebel Amour, incarne l’ethos de l’explorateur occidental, tandis qu’Eberhardt, dans Au pays des sables et Dans l’ombre chaude de l’Islam, se distingue par une immersion authentique dans la culture locale, bien que marquée par les clichés orientalistes de son époque. L’étude utilise une analyse rhétorique, mettant en lumière les signes et symboles présents dans les textes, ainsi que les stratégies d’énonciation utilisées pour établir leur autorité narrative. Elle dialogue également avec des théories critiques contemporaines, notamment celles de Homi K. Bhabha, pour comprendre les dynamiques de pouvoir et de représentation dans ces récits. En fin de compte, cette recherche interroge comment l’ethos, en tant que composante clé de la rhétorique, joue un rôle central dans la construction des représentations coloniales et influence la perception des cultures colonisées par les lecteurs de l’époque. This study explores the ethos in colonial literature through the works of Roger Frison-Roche and Isabelle Eberhardt, two authors who wrote about colonial Algeria. By analyzing their narratives, it examines how each constructs their authorial image and how this construction influences their representation of Alge-rian cultures. Frison-Roche, in Djebel Amour, embodies the ethos of the Western explorer, while Eberhardt, in Au pays des sables et À l’ombre chaude de l’Islam, is characterized by an authentic immersion in the local culture, though her work is also marked by the Orientalist clichés of her time. The study employs rhetorical analysis, highlighting the signs and symbols present in the texts, as well as the enunciation strategies used to establish their narrative authority. It also engages with contemporary critical theories, particularly those of Homi K. Bhabha, to understand the dynamics of power and repre-sentation in these narratives. Ultimately, this research questions how ethos, as a key component of rhetoric, plays a central role in the construction of colonial rep-resentations and influences the perception of colonized cultures by the readers of the time.

أحمد الشيخ عليك

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Ammar Ladjailia, Mohamed Tayeb Laskri

كلية علوم المهندس-جامعة باجي مختار - عنابة · الجزائر

A. Hadj Ziane, Salmi Houria, Youcefi Djamila

كلية العلوم الهندسية-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Djihad Cherifi , Fatma zohra Benyoucef, Fouzia Benoudjit

كلية العلوم-جامعة أمحمد بوقرة - بومرداس · الجزائر

أحمد تبرمسين, سمير باهي

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة محمد خيضر - بسكرة · الجزائر

كان لتراجع أسعار النفط في السنوات الأخيرة انعكاسات سلبية في العديد من الجوانب، حيث أحدث خللا في المجال الاقتصادي من خلال تآكل إيرادات صندوق الموارد نتيجة توظيفه في تغطية النفقات العامة وانخفاض مخزون احتياطي الصرف الذي وصل إلى أرقام قياسية في الانخفاض كما أدى انخفاض أسعار النفط ارتفاع معدلات التضخم جرّاء ارتفاع الأسعار وانهيار قيمة الدينار أمام العملة المتداولة مما جعل ذلك يضعف القدرة الشرائية، ومن أهم الآثار البارزة على مستوى الاجتماعي ارتفاع معدلات البطالة نتيجة تقليص التوظيف وتقليص المشاريع مما أحدث غليان اجتماعي.الاستنتاجات: نستنتج ما يلي:-أنه حينما تنعدم الإرادة السياسية في التغيير تفشل جميع السياسات.-أنه حينما تغيب النخبة السياسية على مستوى القيادة القادرة على إحداث التغيير تغيب القرارات الرشيدة.-حينما نكون رهين لمداخيل النفط ولم نخلق مصادر أخرى للدخل لا تتحقق التنمية المنشودة.-لما يهتك المال العام عن طريق الاختلاس والفساد وفي غياب المساءلة والمتابعة القانونية الفعالة سيستفحل هذا الداء.-حينما لا يتوفر المناخ اللازم للاستثمار الفعال المنتج نكون قد عطلنا فرصة التقدم والطور.-حينما تكون الدول هي الفاعل الوحيد في تحقيق النمو وتغيب الفواعل الأخرى كالقطاع الخاص والمجتمع المدني لن نصل إلى الحكامة الرشيدة.-ما زال التهريب والسوق الموازية ينخران الاقتصاد فيجب مكافحتهماالإسراع إلى تنويع الاقتصاد الوطني من خلال تفعيل كل القطاعات الراكدة كقطاع السياحة، الصناعة التقليدية، الفلاحة، الطاقات المتجددة.إصلاح النظام الضريبي.إنشاء جهاز رقابي فعال يحرس على مراقبة المال العام ومعاقبة المفسدين.ضرورة تفعيل مساءلة كل من تولّي منصب حكومي حساس في نهاية كل عهدة، وذلك بتقديم حصيلة عمله خلال هذه الفترة.الاهتمام بالفرد لأنه الرقم الأول في معادلة النجاح كما يقول مالك بن نبي ويكون الاهتمام عن طريق التكوين والتدريب وتطوير المهارات وتوفير له العيش الكريم عن طريق خلق مناصب عمل وسكن.

تومر يوسف كوهين, نائل طة

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This study which is entitled " Fighting corruption in the punishment system in the territories of the Palestinian National Authority – Comparative study – aims at explaining the effects of the absence of political requesting in the Arab ruling regimes which caused some of governmental officials to commit corruption crimes and consider them above the law .The Palestinian society such as the others suffers from this phenomenon which caused wasting the public money . This fact makes us consider fighting corruption a part of basic and reforming solution for the structural problems of the Palestinian political system .Such solution demands activating the images of the civilian society such as the non-governmental organizations, special sector, universities and academic instructors because of their role as educating active tools aims at creating a good political and social context .The study showed there are several definitions for corruption crimes . But there is a common factor for defining these crimes which is that these crimes based on exploiting the public position in both public or private occupations in order to gain personal benefits . Also, it is referred that the most important methods of fighting crimes is drying their resources ,then creating good context decreasing corruption chances . This procedure is known as the national system for impartiality which aims at explaining the extent of corruption inside the state institutions because these crimes have risks in all aspects .Also, the study refers to the most important forms of corruption crimes in the punishment system presented in the Jordanian punishment law which is bribery crime . In addition , the study referred the same forms in the Palestinian fighting corruption law NO.1 , 2005 . The most important form is illegal earning .More importantly, the judgment plays a vital role in fighting corruption crimes because its laws guarantee the most important punishments and recompenses which cause public and private fortification . Consequently, the prevalence of justice arises .The study showed the importance of judgment in activating the systems of questioning and controlling due to the fact that judgment is the title of justice among people , in the same time protects freedoms, public and private interests . Consistently , the right for resorting to judgment has been guaranteed by the Palestinian basic law article ( 97).During the study , The state is responsible for the guarantee and respect of the legal authority dependency . This responsibility makes the judge works without bias and according to the law without being under pressure or under direct or indirect threat .Furthermore, it has been shown that the most important principles which protect the judgment independency ,the right in justice trail and guarantee the human rights . These principles presented in the equality in front of law , the public trail, guarantee human rights, the right of defending , the judge neutrality and assuming that the defendant is innocent until proven guilty which could be applied if the separation between the authorities is available especially the legal authority independency. Also, it is referred that the basic Palestinian law recognizes the legal authority is the third one and not functional.The researcher shed lights on the importance of the media in supporting questioning and controlling systems according to the globalization and information technology . The traditional government continued imposing several legal and administrative restrictions and spreading information and opinions but the government has a material dominance on the information resources . Despite this fact , the dominance has disappeared as a result of advanced technology which made these restrictions less important . It is important to note that the advanced telecommunication made the restrictions on freedom of opinion difficult because the legal statements which restrict the freedom of media became disable. Moreover, the study referred to the role of Arabic media in political questioning via its effects on the Arabic public opinion . The role of media should use all means for administrative controlling in order to work in perfect way to create an effective public opinion which fights corruption.Several obstacles encounters the role of media in this context among these is that the media workers , particularly men, are being targeted by legal actions related to public cases . Some of them have been subjected to severe verdicts , body aggression and custody.Finally, fighting corruption is a whole system which doesn't only depend on one pillar such executive , legislative authority or media . The concentration on this whole system creates a broad range of impartiality.The question which arises in this context is : Do media protect corruptors ? or , is corruption a trait in media ? Or , are media shelter for corruption and corrupters by bribing several media men who have been weakened against money and power and then occupied the position of defending corruption , corrupters

بيان سميح سليم شبيب, محمد الدجاني

جامعة القدس · فلسطين

Every culture contains a political, social, religious and economic conflict that transforms any woman's life into a quest where she must answer difficult questions. Who am I? What do I want to be? Where do I fit in society?How can I exercise my freedom without finding myself in conflict with my culture and my traditions? This thesis makes a serious attempt to seek answers for such perplexing challenging questions. This work constitutes a comparative analysis of two novels, namely Alice Walker's Meridian, (1976) andHanan Al Shaykh's Hikayat Zahra, (1980, a.k.a. The Story of Zahra). The analysis focuses on the interplay of the search for identity in times of strife, social conflict, and war. The work relies on a postmodern analytic approach.Within the analysis, two dimensions are given particular emphasis. The first dimension discusses the ways in which social conflict and war influence the literature itself. The second dimension examines the writers' usage of the two main characters –Zahra and Meridian -to reflecttheir experiences and lives. Both writers write in times of conflict. Meridianis set within the context of the American Civil Rights Movement, while Hikayat Zahrais narrated at the time of the Lebanese Civil War. External disorder and instability allowthe two writers to formulate self-reflecting, archetypal characters that are borne into chaos and conflict. The conflict itself is two-dimensional, involving political conflict (unrest and war) and social conflict (women's struggle against patriarchy and restrictive gender-defined roles). Within this environment, the two heroines –Meridian and Zahra -seek self-realization, independence, and fulfillment based on their needs and their free-will.

اقلولي أولد رابح صافية, فريدة إمهرار, ليلة إيودارين

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

فاطمة الزهراء رايس, حليمة بومدين , مديحة بن ناجي

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة الجيلالي بونعامة - خميس مليانة · الجزائر