حبيب علي, حسن أبو النور, مها وهبي
كلية العلوم-جامعة حمص · سوريا
عائشة ايدار, محمد رضا مزوي
كلية العلوم السياسية والعلاقات الدولية-جامعة الجزائر 3 - إبراهيم سلطان شيبوط · الجزائر
يعتبر العمل حق لكل فرد، ما يوجب على الحكومات توفيره من خلال أنسب الآليات والسياسات والخطط والمناهج، الكفيلة بتحقيقها، فتوفير العمل لمن يطلبه، فيه تقليص للبطالة في المقابل، إذ تعتبر البطالة مؤشرا قويا على ضعف أداء الاقتصاد، ناهيك عن كونه معضلة اقتصادية واجتماعية ترهن قرار الحكومات، وتمنعها من تحقيق سياسات التشغيل الكامل. سعت الحكومة الجزائرية إلى أصلاح الاقتصاد الجزائري، وبالأخص في تسعينيات القرن الماضي، عندما انخرطت في اقتصاد السوق، فتبنت العديد من البرامج والآليات، كما أسست الكثير من الوكالات والأطر والعناوين للمشاريع الاقتصادية التي تفتح مناصب الشغل، وإشراك القطاع الخاص لتشغيل أكبر قدر ممكن من طالبي العمل، كما عملت السياسات على تشجيع روح المقاولاتية لديهم، وحماية المتضررين من سياسة الانفتاح الاقتصادي عبر سياسات الحماية والرعاية الاجتماعية.اعتمدت الحكومات الجزائرية على عدة برامج وخطط تنموية منذ الاستقلال، من الثلاثية إلى الرباعية والخماسية، إلى برامج التعديل الهيكلي ومخططات الانعاش الاقتصادي، بين سنتي (2001 و 2015). محاولة منها لتحقيق متطلبات التنمية من خلال استغلال الأغلفة المالية المرصودة، نتيجة الطفرة التاريخية الثانية للفورة النفطية بعد سنة 2003، غير أنّ الأهداف المرجوة لم تتحقق جميعا، وكانت تعتمد على حلول مؤقتة تلاشت واختفت بسبب تراجع مداخيل النفط. وعلى الرغم من استمرارية اعتماد الاقتصاد الجزائري على رأسمال أموال النفط، إلاّ أنّ فشل التخطيط في برامج التشغيل لا يعود إلى هذا السبب فقط، بقدر ما يتعلق بغياب الرقابة والمحاسبة على تسيير المال العام، فبقيت مشكلة التشغيل مطروحة ومنذ عقود، دون حلول فعالة، تفكّك الأسباب الحقيقية لظاهرة البطالة، التي استفحلت بسبب ظواهر أخطر كالرشوة والفساد.
Ghada Barsoum, Seif El Din Abou Zaid
كلية الشئون الدولية والسياسات العامة-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر
The quality of public school education in Egypt has been on a declining slope for years, facing many challenges such as poor quality, high dropout rates and a mismatch between the market needed skills and those of students. The purpose of this study is to explore whether blended learning is a viable solution to Egypt’s educational ailments, with improving equity as the focus. With no dominant literature trends on the subject or enough access to public education data, the chosen research method was to conduct in-depth interviews with national and international experts on blended learning. All interviewed experts believe that there is severe lack of equity in the system. They mentioned socioeconomic discrepancy, poorly designed policies and limiting customs and traditions as the biggest contributors to education inequity in the country. Despite being experts on blended learning, the experts have not shown blind trust in its ability to improve equity. They believe that the problems are “much bigger than to be solved by technology” alone, and emphasize several prerequisites for a successful policy: raison d'être, changing the “one size fits all” approach, political will, institutional readiness, and pedagogical development. The study concludes that blended learning has potential benefits, but also has potential risks that need to be mitigated and proactively addressed. If the prerequisites mentioned by the experts are tackled and blended learning risks are mitigated, blended learning can be the right policy for improving educational equity.
Boumezrag, Saadia Taouinar
كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر
La vaccination permet de gérer au mieux les grandes maladies de la filière ovine ainsi les principaux vaccins utilisables chez les ovins s’adressent aux entérotoxémies, à la brucellose et à la clavelée.
محمد سعيد عبدالله, محمد مكاوي
كلية هندسة البترول وعلوم الأرض-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية
The modern industrialization of today’s economy has allowed people to enjoy several economic benefits and helped increase their standards of living. However, this industrialization has come with a concerning cost to the Earth’s environment. The mass burning of non-renewable fossil fuels releases a great deal of CO2 into the atmosphere. Research has shown that CO2 is the main compound that is negatively affecting the stability of Earth’s climate. Although there are several natural sources of CO2 emission to the atmosphere, it is believed that the anthropogenic CO2 emissions, caused by the excessive exploitation of fossil fuels, is upsetting the natural balance of CO2. In light of this global environmental issue, researchers have attempted to devise ways to tackle the problem. Several approaches can be adopted to resolve this issue. One such approach is the sequestration of CO2 in deep geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, unmineable underground coal seams and deep non-potable water aquifers.There are a number of factors that need to be taken into account when attempting to locate a possible CO2 sequestration site. These factors are akin to the ones that are used to locate a hydrocarbon reservoir for oil and gas exploration purposes. The approach, therefore, we wish to take to locate ideal CO2 sequestration sites would be akin to locating hydrocarbon prospects.The research problem can be split into three main sections which can be further subdivided into subsections (data to be used have been put in between parentheses):Locating your Reservoir: (i) Good Quality Lithologies (log + core); (ii) Favorable Permeability (log + core); (iii) Reservoir Extension (log + seismic); (iv) Net-to-Gross Ratio (log + core).Locating your Seal: (i) Typical Seal Type Lithologies (log + core); (ii) Low Permeability Layers (log + core); (iii) Seal Extension over Reservoir (log + seismic); (iv) Sufficient Thickness (log + seismic).Locating your Trap: (i) Presence of Structures (seismic); (ii) Presence of Stratigraphic Traps (seismic); (iii) Presence of Four-Way Dip Closures (seismic); (iv) Presence of Three-Way Dip Closures (seismic).The research objective is therefore to use the available Big Data analytics and Artificial Intelligence techniques and tools that are available from the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry to help in the identification of potential CO2 sequestration reservoirs by the utilization of data such as well log data, core data, and seismic data.Prediction of formation permeability obtained from core plugs in an exploratory well drilled in the Volve field located in the Norwegian continental shelf via the use of a single layered ANN model is presented. The input data that was fed into the network were three common logs that include the gamma ray (GR) log, the bulk density (RHOB) log, and the neutron porosity (NPHI) log. The optimum single layered ANN model was determined to be one with 18 neurons in the hidden layer, and a log-sigmoidal transfer function. The optimum number of randomly selected data points from the total of 557 data points was found to be 225.Data obtained from lithology descriptions in logs of the same well were then used in a separate study aiming to classify lithology. The use of ANN in the classification of lithology is important to the determination of suitable CO2 sequestration sites since the lithology plays a major role in the rock properties (such as permeability and porosity) that would be present. These properties are important in order to permit the movement of CO2 into the pore space once injected into the formation via injection wells.Porosity values were also predicted from well log data by use of a single layered ANN. Three input logs were used that were: Gamma Ray (GR), Bulk Density (RHOB), and Neutron Porosity. Log values were correlated with corresponding core porosity values obtained from core analysis of 664 core plugs. The dataset is split into two sets: 70% Training, and 30% Testing. The optimization of the results is achieved by comparing three main statistical parameters that include: the correlation coefficient (CC), the root mean-squared error (RMSE) and the absolute average percentage error (AAPE). The optimum number of neutrons was found to be 18, where the tan-sigmoid transfer function was used in the network. The CC was 0.808, RMSE was 0.055, and AAPE was 5.94. The results illustrate that ANN may be used as a tool in the prediction of porosity in unexplored areas for the sake of characterizing a CO2 sequestration site. The porosity would play a major factor in the determination of how much CO2 may be stored in a particular site.
عقاق قادة, هدروق لخضر
كلية الآداب واللغات والفنون-جامعة جيلالي ليابس – سيدي بلعباس · الجزائر
أحمد باسم حسن الأسدي, فؤاد طارق كاظم
كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية-جامعة بابل · العراق
Badreddin Issadi , Larbi Asli , Yacine Gaci, Z’hor Guellal
كلية العلوم-جامعة أمحمد بوقرة - بومرداس · الجزائر
سمير حزبون, ياسر نعيم محمد عبد الله
المعهد العالي للتنمية المستدامة-جامعة القدس · فلسطين
Allam Nageh, Radwa Adel Shedeed
مكتب الدراسات العليا والبحوث-الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة · مصر
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have grasped the attention of researchers from many fields, mainly due to their unique optoelectronic properties. These properties made GQDs of potential use in various applications, such as photocatalysis, optoelectronics, bioimaging, solar cells, sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. However, the dependence of their fluorescence spectra on the excitation wavelength has been the focus of several recent studies. While some studies attributed their multi-chromophoric behavior to core and surface states, others related it to the differently-sized nanodomains of sp2-hybridized carbon in an amorphous matrix.Herein, colloidal GQDs were directly synthesized via low-temperature catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These graphene nanostructures were found to exhibit well-resolved multi-emission bands in the visible region. Based on the X-ray photoelectron, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was identified as the building blocks of GQDs. Also, the fluorescence spectra of GQDs thin films were investigated. Moreover, the effect of plasmonic nanomaterials, such as silver nanodisks (AgNDs), on their fluorescence was investigated. A Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer is used as a dielectric material to prevent the diffusion of the AgNDs particles in the GQDs layer and minimize the quenching effect. Different four concentrations of GQDs were used (0.2%, 1%, 3% and 5%) to get the optimum conditions of GQDs/spacer/AgNDs hybrid-nanomaterial. The 1% weight concentration of GQDs shows the optimum fluorescence emission of GQDs/spacer/AgNDs composite.
