رواند حمد الله أبو زعرور, محمد عطا يوسف

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

Architectural Spaces' Study containing the elements, principles and determinants is considered as one of the most important Architectural studies especially modern ones since it's a study which patterns the human in an attempt to form intelligible language between the human and surroundings or the space where he dwells. Architectural Space in its physical form, functional form and aesthetic appearance is a container in which humans interact to form civilization which is considered as the highest and finest one created by humanity.Accordingly, this study was where it has tried in its first chapter to search the depths of Interior design to define its concept, show how did the researchers and specialists define Architectural Spaces, define its concept, principles, a range of correlations between its internal and external parts, so the study has shed light on the philosophical bases and the dialectics of internal space design, thus it posited the organizational psychological principles such as balance, order, sequence, measurement, relation, the principle of unity and other. Then, it focused on Exterior architectural space in terms of location, influential environment, exterior form of the building and standards of its relationship with its surroundings as Lighting, ventilation, privacy, views and other.This study has followed a descriptive approach in its theoretical framework to identify the interior architecture, so it gave a brief history about the development of this science.Then, it discussed in brief details the requirements of interior design. It was offered to the schools which it divided into: functional, structural, aesthetic and humanitarian requirements. But regardless of the type of those requirements, there are influential forces in the structure of the interior design which core is the human in his personal and social formation, his culture and all sources of his cognition and traditions.Then, the study shifted to talk about residence, its importance and types. It elaborated the elements of separate housing units since it's the practical side in the study as entrance area, architectural spaces such as living room, bedroom, services and others.It talked about principles of design of that elements or spaces such as space, standards, guidance, location, lighting, colors, and correlations or inter-relations.As the recent studies support saying that colors' science, lighting, used raw materials, method of their use, decorative supplements such as furniture, curtains, paintings and others in interior design have deep impact upon the psychological and behavioral life on the side of individual and society. This study addressed these topics and strengthened their theoretical side with describing and explanatory image. It indicated ways of use and coordination with the aim of harmony and integration to impart the desired aesthetic form and reanimate a sense of calm and psychological comfort.In the third chapter, the study talked bout process of design and its four pillars: the designer, user, law and building. It talked about the importance of having a participatory relationship between the designer, user and owner during the period of design or implementation. It resorted to consider the user as a secondary designer and involve him in decision-making of design without excess or negligence in order to reach a project with complete corners with regard to architectural purpose, functional form and aesthetic value which enhance the confidence of the designer and gain the approval of the owner or his satisfaction.The study followed the descriptive approach in its applied framework through conducting interviews to identify the views of a sample of owners of separate housing units (villas) in engineers' housing in Al-Jnaid area. The interview covered a third of the population of the housing which includes fifty-five used housing units i.e. inhabited and nineteen unused units. The interview has included two types of questions: Type one talked about the user's opinion (dweller) about interior design, its importance and his personal experience in it in terms of his collaboration with Interior designer or not, the consequences accordingly, his opinion about the performance of the interior designer, his experience with the interior designer in general and the mechanisms used in the implementation.While the second type of questions has a professional and more specialized nature. The questions included questions about the architectural spaces such as the external shape of the building, interior design, proportions of the building, surrounding gardens, architectural spaces, lighting, ventilation and other. The researcher allowed the user to express his answer in terms of the level of satisfaction as: excellent or good or intermediate or weak where the extent is left at the end for the user to make suggestions and recommendations for similar housings in the future. This study emphasized the importance of ongoing assessment processes, making use of them and keeping up the developments and new technologiesThe study concluded with a number of most notably results: an emphasis on the importance of interior design in enhancing and enriching architectural space including the results for the user at both physical and psychological levels. Based on these results, this study called -as a recommendation - for the need of interaction between the designer and user during the process of interior design or in the implementation phase in order to get comfortable dwelling which keeps pace with the times and the recent developments, has identity and address which is in line with the spirit of the place and brings authenticity and urban belonging.

keddouri, مسعودة جاب الله

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة زيان عاشور - الجلفة · الجزائر

Le tourisme , pris dans sa dimension internationale ,est une activité qui modifie les structures économiques et sociales . il constitue pour un grand nombre des pays , une source principale des devises , et un facteur clé d’une croissance économique responsable et durable pour la plupart des pays quel que soit leur niveau de développement .En effet , même si les pays en développement ne représentent que moins d’un tiers des arrivées de touristes internationaux dans le monde .Cette étude vise à montrer et évaluer la valeur touristique dans les deux zones d'étude. Nous avons donc essayé d'étudier toutes les possibilités naturelles en termes de monuments existants, c'est-à-dire les gravures rupestres à Zaccar et à Ain El-Naga.

حنان مصطفى, محمد علي

كلية اللغات-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

Means of presenting the Qur'anic text enjoy everlasting efforts to develop and meet the greatness and high status the holy Qur'an maintains. Consequently, this study aims at shedding light on the virtual relationship between the general concept of the Qur'anic pragmatics and some of the resulting theories of linguistics on the one hand, and between the general concept of the Qur'anic semantics and the theory. The concept of the Qur'anic pragmatics is to facilitate meaning conveyance, embody concepts, and re-present the Qur'anic discourse in an understandable and comprehensible manner. Therefore, thinking of how the Qur'anic reader will absorb the new representation of the Qur'anic discourse, was a main issue in the Qur'anic pragmatic processes. The researcher used analytical descriptive methodology where a questionnaire was distributed to a number of tutors teaching translation as well as a diagnostic test for the students. (SPSS) package of analysis was applied and data was collected accordingly. The researcher has arrived at results and made recommendations for further studies.

Boumedienne Fatiha, Fermous Rachid, Moussaoui Naima

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة الجيلالي بونعامة - خميس مليانة · الجزائر

احمد عياد, فهد تكراوي, مينا تحسين

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة الخليل · فلسطين

AbstractSurface tensions of aqueous solutions of oppositely charged sodium poly(styrene sulfonate)/benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate)/polyallylamine hydrochloride have been measured by the Wilhelmy plate method as a function of temperature and addition of NaCl and CaCl2 salts. The surface activity of the pure polyelectrolytes is very low. Upon mixing the polyelectrolyte with the oppositely charged surfactant, benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride, complexation takes place which showed significant surface activity. The same trend was found when the polyelectrolyte was mixed with the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte polyallylamine hydrochloride. The surface tension of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant mixture is lower than that of the pure surfactant but only at low concentrations of the polyelectrolyte ( 0.1 g /100 ml). At relatively higher concentrations it is higher due to diminishing of the complexation process and thus the surface activity. It is found that the complexation process between either the polyelectrolyte/surfactant or the polyanion/polycation is enhanced by increasing temperature or addition of salts. The surface excess entropy was calculated from the temperature dependence of the surface tension to get more insight into the ordering at the surface. A downward peak was observed in the behavior of the surface tension as a function of the poly(styrene sulfonate) for the case of the polyanion/polycation mixture at equal amounts (0.1 g/100ml) of the two polyelectrolytes. This peak may indicate that the complexation process is at its maximum and therefore the surface activity is at its maximum value. Finally, it has to be mentioned that studies on the surface activity of the complex formed from the polyanion/polycation mixture are lacking and thus a major part of this study is absolutely needed.

Mohammed amine Cherairia, غير معروف

كليات العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة 8 ماي 1945 قالمة · الجزائر

L’Algérie bénéficie d'un patrimoine d’énorme richesse d’ésotériques, y comprisles sources thermales, ce qui créerait de nombreux avantages et cela sur plusieurs aspects :économique et touristique. Notre désir est d'activer le rôle des sources thermales et de souligner leurimportance dans les domaines précédents. Nous avons établi dans ce travail une étudeapprofondie afin de concevoir et de créer un complexe thermal, en prenant en compte ladurabilité et la préservation de l’environnement ce dernier travaillera à l'avenir pourrenforcer et améliorer le rôle du tourisme de santé en Algérie et particulièrement à lawilaya de Guelma et cela grâce à sa position stratégique avec ses trésors historiques, sesdifférentes richesses naturelles et ses reliefs. Notre zone d’étude peut devenir l’une deszones les plus attractives du pays, ce complexe va également répondre aux besoins etsatisfaire les vœux de la clientèle de tous les aspects (la santé, le tourisme, ledivertissement, etc.). Le but de ce travail est d’étudier la promotion du secteur tourisme via laconstruction d'infrastructures hôtelières, tel notre projet, serait bien une bonne contributionau développement économique de notre pays. Notre travail consiste donc à étudié et analysé tous ce qui concerne le complexetouristique voir thermal pour atteinte à une méthodologie de conception qui va nouspermettre de mettre en place un projet robuste, moderne et réalisable. Non seulement, notre sujet de mémoire résout les problèmes de manque deséquipements touristiques mais aussi, incite les constructeurs à bâtir des ouvrages assurant,avant tout, la sécurité et le confort de ses usagers. Ainsi donc, il est impératif pour nous, lesarchitectes urbanistes, d’apporter les bonnes solutions architecturales et techniquescorrespondant à chaque problème posé.

حاكمي الحبيب, خيرة بن عيدة, دليلة تمرجانت, مريم مسعودي

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

استطعنا أن نستخلص من هذه الدراسة عن إسهامات لسان الدين بن الخطيب في التاريخ الاجتماعي والثقافي في بلاد الأندلس، (ق 8ه-14م) عددا من النتائج يمكننا إجمالها فيما يلي:_ ترجع شهرة لسان الدين بن الخطيب في المقام الأوّل إلى كونه مؤرخا لدولة بني نصربغرناطة منذ قيامها إلى زمنه، كما أنه مصدر لا غنى عنه للباحث في الفترات السابقة من تاريخ الأندلس. تسمية المصادر التاريخية ذي الوزارتين، الأديب والمؤرخ، السفير الطبيب، المنفي اللاجئ،الذي كان رجل عصره بما ملكه من خيال خصب وقدرة على تصوير واقع أمته فيزمنه، فقد جال في مجالات شتى وخاض في ميادين مختلفة، فترك لنا مجموعة كبيرة من مصنفاته في مختلف العلوم. يسميه المقري طائر صيت وذلك لإمكاناته العلمية، أهلته لارتقاء أعلى المناصب وماتجّر عنها تدبير المكائد له وكذلك وقوعه في المحن واتهامه بالزندقة لكن ذلك لم يمنعه من التأليف.

سليمة بوثلجة, سنوسي زموري, نصيرة لعبري

كلية العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة الدكتور يحيى فارس بالمدية · الجزائر

Hamza Askeur, Abdelaziz Bouchemma, Ali Ouarab

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

Ce mémoire évalue l’efficacité des procédures de contrôle interne appliquées lors de l’établissement des états financiers de l’entreprise publique Électro-Industrie d’Azazga. L’objectif est de déterminer dans quelle mesure ces procédures garantissent la fiabilité, la régularité et la sincérité des informations financières produites. Pour ce faire, une approche qualitative a été appliquée, basée sur une étude de cas unique et des entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des responsables de la direction. L’analyse s’appuie sur le référentiel COSO, en examinant ses cinq composantes. Les résultats montrent que l’entreprise dispose d’un dispositif structuré, or, certaines faiblesses persistent, notamment en matière de coordination, de documentation et de suivi des risques. Le mémoire propose ainsi des axes d'amélioration pour la gouvernance financière et le renforcement du dispositif de contrôle interne. Par conséquent, le renforcement du contrôle interne apparaît comme une condition indispensable pour garantir la sincérité des états financiers et améliorer la gouvernance d’entreprise.

طه حمود, ليلى مقدم

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى محاولة لتكييف أحد الروائز النفسية التي لها أهمية كبيرة في قياس تقدير الذات لدى المراهقين ولأجل ذالك استعنا بالصورة الفرنسية لمقياس كوبر سميث نظرًا لتوفره على معايير معتمدين في ذلك على المنهج الوصفي وقد اختيرت عينتين عشوائيتين قوامهما إجمالاً 243 تلميذا وتلميذة متمدرسين في المستوى الأول والثاني والثالث من التعليم الثانوي وبالاستعانة ببرنامج التحليل الإحصائي (spss) في نسخته (21).