Baka Fouzia, Bouafia Amina

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

L'analyse de l'ouvre " Le Racisme Expliqué à Ma Fille " de l'écrivain marocainTahar Ben Jelloun, nous a permis de découvrir un phénomène social propagé dansToutes les société dans le monde, qui est le " racisme ", selon les différentesexplications de l'auteur à sa fille .ainsi que connaitre son histoire depuis les annéesrécentes, et ses différentes causes et conséquences sur l'humanité .en relevantencore quelques caractéristiques des racistes .et cet analyse nous a permis encore deconnaitre les solutions pour lutter contre le racisme

خديجة قطاف, عطاء الله فشار

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة زيان عاشور - الجلفة · الجزائر

Paul Attie, رابح غالب أبو إسماعيل

كلية العلوم والأداب-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

We propose an approach to write formal specifications. Our approach partitions the (possibly infinite) state-space of the specification into a finite number of equivalence classes. The partition is defined by the equivalence relation induced by the valuations of a finite set of first-order logic formulae. Our work builds on existing work, which presents a method for writing specifications, along with a preliminary text-based implementation. In this thesis, we extend the current implementation with a graphical-user interface, and use this implementation to conduct experiments with the goal of demonstrating the value of the method by using it to write difficult and intricate specifications, and also using the experimental results as feedback for further improvements to the method.

Babiker Karama, K. M. Wagialla, Rawya Adam Abbakar Basheer

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

The aim of this research is to model, optimize and simulate ammonia and methanol production processes in fixed bed reactors and fluidized bed reactors.Mathematical models have been developed to simulate these processes by applying the material and energy balances to the systems concerned, and obtain differential equations which were solved by MATLAB.The research also discussed the effect of different operating parameters on the production rate.In the ammonia synthesis, the conversion of nitrogen in the fixed bed reactors was 26.76%, while in the fluidized bed reactors it increased to 40.26%.In the methanol synthesis, methanol production in fixed bed reactors was 857 kmol/h, while its production rate in fluidized bed reactors was 1114.1 kmol/h for feed flow rate of 47400 Kmol/h, with an increase of 30%.By simulating these four processes in the HYSYS simulation program, it has been concluded that the models developed give relative values to the simulation values and can therefore be relied upon.

سلمى ايت حسيني, فتحي برابح, وداد غزال

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة زيان عاشور - الجلفة · الجزائر

La légumineuse Medicago truncatula à la capacité en condition de carence azotée d’interagir avec la bactérie du sol fixatrice d’azote, Sinorhizobium medicae. Au cours de l’interaction un nouvel organe racinaire est formé, la nodosité fixatrice d’azote au sein de laquelle les bactéries infectent de manière intracellulaire et chronique les cellules de l’hôte. Actuellement peut d’informations sont disponibles quant aux mécanismes contrôlant la survie des bactéries au sein de la cellule hôte. Au cours de notre étude, une analyse de protéome de la plante sauvage et du mutant symCRK présentant une dérégulation de l’immunité au cours de la symbiose a été réalisée. Nos résultats montrent que l’hôte et le symbionte ont la capacité de s’influencer mutuellement par l’envoie de protéines de fonctions diverses, contrôlant l’immunité et le métabolisme. La modification de la répartition des protéines dans la cellule, l’absence d’expression de gènes symbiotique, l’induction de gènes immunitaires et la modification du pattern d’expression de certains gènes conduisent au dysfonctionnement observé chez symCRK.

أزهر داود, علي رزاق عبدالرضا

كلية العلوم-جامعة النهرين · العراق

علي عبدالحسين صادق , ابتهاج مالك عبد المحسن

كلية الطب-جامعة كربلاء · العراق

The continuous persistence of diabetic mellitus (DM) conditions can affect the diversity and density of the oral normal flora. Many oral bacteria can be changed into pathogens under the effect of DM. Resistance to antibiotics can also affect by DM when many oral bacteria can activate its resistance to antibiotics or get a new one in the presence of DM.A case-control study was designed to include 105 children aging (1.5-15) years divided into two main groups. The first group included 50 patients aging with DM who also subdivided into two subgroups; 25 patients with controlled DM and 25 patients with uncontrolled DM ;The second group was 55 non-diabetic children . Oral swabs were collected from all children groups and cultured for identification of the colony counting and species diagnosis. Susceptibility tests to many antibiotics by disk diffusion method were performed for all isolates with determination of antibiotic-resistant.Females were represented a great number of patients with DM and control groups, but without significant differences from males. Duration of DM was mostly found within less than one year (52%), especially at age 11-15 years, while duration of 7-8 years (6%) was observed in low number of diabetic patients. Heavy growth of isolated bacteria that exceed 360 cfu was found higher in both DM and non-diabetic children. It counted in 64.76% of subjects. Uncontrolled DM had more heavy growth (20 patients) than in controlled DM (9 patients). This was also observed in non-diabetic children (39children). Counting of 100-200 cfu was represented the second great count of bacteria isolated from all subjects (20%). Total number of isolated bacteria was 23 species of Gram positive and 2 species of Gram negative bacteria. Number of isolated bacteria was equal (47.61%) in DM patients, while it increased in control (52.38%), but without significant differences. Kocuria kristinae, Kytococcus sedentarius, Streptococcus oralis and Granulicatella adiacens were the most frequent isolated species (23.75%, 13.33%, 12.38% and 9.52%, respectively). In controlled DM, K. kristinae and G. adiacens were common (3.80% for each), while K. kristinae and K. sedentarius were common among patients with uncontrolled DM (6.66% and 4.76%, respectively). Children in non-diabetic group had common isolates of K. kristinae (7.61%), and S. oralis (8.57%)Susceptibility of isolated bacteria to tested antibiotics was found variable even in the same species. Isolate 2 of S. aureus and isolate 4 of K. kristinae isolated from controlled DM patients and all isolates of K. kristinae of uncontrolled DM were revealed resistant to all of antibiotics. Meanwhile, S. aureus-1 from children of non-diabetic was shown multidrug resistant to at least 9 antibiotics and 8 isolates of K. kristinae were resistant to 8 antibiotics. Resistant to ceftriaxone (CRO), cefixime (CFM) and tetracycline (TE) were the most common in isolates of all participants.

Ally Abdi Ally, Simon Pedro Nvomo Mbomio Afuin, Mohamed Abidi

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

Ce mémoire est une réflexion sur la place qu'occupe la PME dans une économie en pleine mutation telle que l'Algérie et l'impact de son déficit de financement dans la relance économique.Il prend pour cadre d'étude le leasing comme un moyen de financement qui s'ajuste aux principaux besoins actuels des PME, qui ne sont que la résultante d'une rigidité du système bancaire et financier.Afin d'évaluer les conditions de son implantation en Algérie, une comparaison a été faite avec les pays voisins (Maroc et Tunisie) qui a fait ressortir qu'en matière de leasing, et malgré la mise en place d'un dispositif juridique depuis plusieurs années, la technique reste toujours une formule encore inconnue et par les intermédiaires financiers, et par les opérateurs économiques qu'ils soient du secteur privé ou public. Ceci a pour principale cause l'absence ou l'insuffisance d'institutions spécialisées dans le domaine.Un encadrement technique, juridique et fiscal de l'état est nécessaire, afin d'inciter les établissements financiers à déployer beaucoup d'efforts afin de vulgariser et promouvoir ce nouveau mode de financement combien rentable et complémentaire.

طارق عبدالكريم عبد الفضيل, محمد الطيب عوض الكريم أحمد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النيلين · السودان

مع دخول التقنية إلى عالمنا وتأثيرها علي جميع مناحي الحياة كان لابد من تسخيرها في مجال الخدمات الاجتماعية وذلك لأهمية التقنية الحديثة ومالها من دور عظيم في حياتنا اليومية فالعالم يشهد تطور هائل في تقنية المعلومات فأصبح توفر المعلومات مع التزايد المستمر لمستخدمي الهواتف الذكية من اغلب أفراد المجتمع من المتطلبات الأساسية لبناء مجتمع المعرفة. وتتمثل مشكلة هذا البحث في وجود صعوبة في التعرف علي أرقام الهواتف والتوزيع الجغرافي للضباط وأيضا وجود صعوبة في التعرف علي مواقع وأرقام المستشفيات المتعاقدة مع الجمارك إضافة الي ذلك عدم إلمام الضباط بالقوانين واللوائح الشرطية هدفت هذه الدراسة لتصميم تطبيق أندرويد دليل لخدمة العاملين بالجمارك بالتطبيق علي ضباط الدفعة 46 جمارك وذلك نسبة لصعوبة إلمام الضابط بجميع أرقام الدفعة مع صعوبة التعرف علي جميع مواقع عمل زملائه كما توجد صعوبة للضباط في الإلمام بقوانين ولوائح الشرطة وصعوبة معرفة المواقع الجغرافية للمستشفيات المتعاقدة معها الجمارك. تم استخدام المنهج العلمي التطبيقي باستخدام أساليب تحليل وتصميم النظم واستخدمت أدوات لغة النمذجة الموحدة (UML Unified Modeling Language) وتم استخدام برنامج أندرويد استديو لبرمجة التطبيق. وتوصل البحث للعديد من النتائج أهمها توفير الوقت والجهد بسهولة الحصول علي رقم أو مكان عمل أي ضابط مع سهولة الحصول علي القوانين واللوائح الشرطية كما تم تسهيل الحصول علي جميع المستشفيات المتعاقدة معها الجمارك وسهولة تحديد موقعها

Marwan El Rich, Ahmed Hassan Hafez, Andreas Schiffer

جامعة خليفة · الامارات

The talus bone, a pivotal component in the ankle joint, plays a significant role in load transmission and motion facilitation. As with other bones, and due to its fragile vascular nature, it is especially susceptible to fracture which typically requires surgical intervention. For more extreme fractures, among the most common treatments are total talar replacements. Currently, they are custom made for each individual patient, resulting in increased financial costs and time until surgical implantation. To circumvent these drawbacks, generic talar prostheses were proposed. The primary issue is the lack of studies in literature on the optimization of generic talar prostheses. Therefore, this thesis research aims to design a biofidelic generic talus implant using topology optimization that is intended to tackle the drawbacks of custom talus implants, rendering its use more cost-effective and feasible in clinical situations, resulting in reduced complications for the patient pre- and post-operatively. This is done through establishing the loading and boundary conditions for three postures: dorsiflexion, neutral standing, and plantarflexion. Following that, the optimization for the generic implant is setup and carried out. The optimized geometry is then extracted and setup for the finite element evaluation of its stresses, to ensure its safety, and its contact characteristics, to explore its behavior on adjacent bone cartilages. The resulting optimized implant's mass is reduced by approximately 66.6%. Its stresses do not exceed 70 MPa, and has a safety factor of 15.7. Based on the aforementioned, the implant's safety against static loading in the defined three postures is ensured. Moreover, based on the contact characteristics, no improvement was shown as compared to its non-optimized, solid counterpart. Nevertheless, as intended, material, cost, and time reductions are expected, especially considering that the implant should be mass-produced.