رسائل دكتوراة
English
2023
Distribution and Fate of Some Heavy Metals and Water Quality of Lotic Ecosystem: Mashroo AL- Musayyib Stream / Branch of Euphrates River Babylon , Iraq
اشواق فالح خزعل فليح, باتريك كوت ليفربول, جاسم محمد سلمان
كلية العلوم-جامعة بابل · العراق
The current study aimed to assess water quality and investigate the fate and transport of some heavy metals in food chains within the Musayyib channel(branching from the Euphrates River in central Iraq) as Lotic Ecosystem for the period from January 2021 to December 2021 in four site (1,2,3,4).This study included Some physical and chemical properties of the channel water were also measured, such as Water Temperature (WT), Air Temperature (AT), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5). This study examined the determination of seven heavy metal (Iron, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Nickel, Cadmium and Chromium) in water (dissolved phase and particulate phase), sediment and some aquatic organisms including two species of hydrophytes ( Ceratophyll umdemersum and Phragmitesaustralis) and one species of clam(Psedontopeses euphratics) and two species of fish (Oreochromis aureus and Leuciscus vorax) in four sites within the Musayyib Channel / Branch of the Euphrates River, Babylon, Central Iraq.The order of the elements studied in the dissolved phase of water was:Zn> Fe> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cd, where Zinc recorded the highest rate in the secondsite in Spring season while Cadmium recorded the lowest rate in the first site in Spring season .In the particulate phase of it, the elements were arranged as follows: Zn> Cu> Fe> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cd, in which Zinc recorded the highest rate in the second site in Spring season, while Cadmium recorded the lowest rate in the fourth site in Spring season, and the elements under study were arranged in the sediments as follows: : Zn> Cu> Fe> Pb> Ni> Cd> Cr The element zinc recorded the
highest rate in the second site of the Spring season while the element Chromium recorded the lowest rate in the second site in Spring and in hydrophytes C. demersum gradient took the following form: Zn> Fe > Cu> Pb> Cr> Ni> Cd Zinc recorded the highest rate in the fourth site in Winter season while Cadmium recorded the lowest in the first site in Autumn season . InP.australisthe elements were graded in the formula: Zn> Fe> Cu> Pb> Cd> Ni> Cr The element Zinc recorded the highest rate in the second site of the Spring season while the element Chromium recorded the lowest rate in the second site of the Spring season . In clam they were ranked as follows: Zn> Fe> Cu> Ni> Pb> Cd> Cr, Zinc recorded the highest rate in the second site of the Spring season while Chromium recorded the lowest value in site 3 during the Winter of 2021 and in fish species (O. aureus) Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Cr> Cd> Ni. Iron recorded the highest rate at site 2 in Spring 2021 while element Nickel recorded the lowest rate at site 2 in Spring and in (L.vorax) .Iron recorded the highest rate at site 2 for the Summer season while Nickel recorded low values at site 4 in Spring 2021. In addition, the current study aimed to assess the current water quality of the Musayyib River, from which the Mashroo AL-Musayyib Channel is represented and located in the northeast of Babil Governorate, to the east of Mahawil and Musayyib districts. To the city of Jableh by several physical and chemical analyzes using Water Quality Indicators (WQI), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and the Contamination index (Cd). The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a tool used to determine whether water is suitable for aquatic life and rivers used for irrigation (IWQI). The aim of this study is to assess the water quality of the Musayyib channel. Several sites were selected in the study area and seventeen physicochemical parameters,heavy element pollution calculation index (HPI) and pollution index (Cd) were applied to assess the validity of
IIIwater.For different use from January 2021 to December 2021, the studied period was divided into four seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn).This parameter was (water temperature, pH, DO, BOD5, TDS, NO3, NO2, Ca, Mg, PO4, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd)The results of the current study showed that the HPI values that were higher than the average value of the critical pollution index (100), ranging from( 74.38388 )to( 238.5592) in St.3 for winter and St.2 for Spring. The high value of the indicator may be due to the high elements Fe; Cu and Zn more than the permissible limit for portable water and heavy metal concentration As for the pollution index (Cd), the values of (Cd) ranged between (23.061-84.070) in the third site in winter and the second site in spring Figure Cd>3 and the pollution is high.The state of water quality was (Poor-marginal) and very effected by physical and chemical properties of the river