Sarsam Shafeek Albadri
الجامعة التكنولوجية · العراق
Hassan Arafat , Hector Hernandez , Nurshaun Sreedhar
جامعة خليفة · الامارات
In this proof of concept study, 3D printed feed spacers with complex geometries based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) were designed and tested in reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. The spacers showed flux enhancement of 15.5% and 38% in brackish water RO and UF tests with sodium alginate solution, respectively, in comparison to a commercial feed spacer. Moreover, lower feed channel pressure drop was also observed for the TPMS spacers. Biofouling tests were performed and the membranes were characterized using total organic carbon (TOC) and fluorescence microscopy. The TPMS spacers yielded a reduction in biofouling when compared to commercial feed spacers. Fouling patterns on the membranes were visualized for the different spacers using crystal violet stain, which also revealed a significantly reduced biofilm deposition using the TPMS spacers. The TPMS-based feed spacers have shown great promise in enhancing both RO and UF membrane processes, both in terms of flux enhancement and fouling reduction. An ideal feed spacer balances induced flow channel turbulence with a minimal formation of scaling and biofouling. Feed spacers with complex triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries have been shown to reduce biofouling while maintaining pressure across membrane structures. Several feed spacer geometries were designed and fabricated using 3D printing technology. Additive manufacturing processing were employed to vary porosity, directionality as well as increasing thickness along the length of the spacers. The fabricated spacers were tested to determine mass transfer and pressure drop parameters and critical flux in ultrafiltration setup. Dimensionless number analysis was done with Dextran filtration and critical flux was determined by the flux-stepping method by filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA). All the tested spacers displayed an increase in mass transfer, with the Gyroid spacer (84% porosity) exhibiting a lower pressure drop and a 67% improvement in Sherwood number when compared to the commercial spacer design. The Gyroid design also showed an 8% improvement in critical flux. By increasing the porosity of the Gyroid to 90%, a 23% improvement in mass transfer was observed over the 84% porosity Gyroid, with an even lower pressure drop.
فلوسية لحسن, غلاب لويزة
معهد تسيير التقنيات الحضارية-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر
إن الملاحظ على مستوى المدن الجزائرية وبالأخص التجزئات الترابية أن معظمها غير مكتمل من حيث البناء, حيث تعتبر هذه الظاهرة موضوع الساعة وجديرة بالدراسة والتحليل لأنها أعطت صورة غير لائقة للمنظر العام وشوهت الصورة الجمالية للمدينة وأصبحت من الظواهر الملوثة التي تدخل في خانة التلوث البصري.تكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في محاولة فهم الأسباب الحقيقية لهذه الظاهرة الحضرية وتحديد الأبعاد والعناصر الاجتماعية منها, الاقتصادية والثقافية التي ساهمت في تفاقمها على المستوى الوطني.كما تناول الموضوع دراسة وتحليل القانون 08/15 الرامي إلى إيجاد الحلول الناجعة لظاهرة البناء الغير مكتمل وتسوية وضعية البنايات من عدة مستويات، أهمها التسوية العقارية ,المطابقة وإصدار رخص البناء وغيرها.كما خلصت الدراسة الميدانية التي مست مدينة المسبلة من خلال حي 295 مسكن (حي لعماير) الذي شكل نموذج لهذه الدراسة إلى أسباب تفاقم هذه الظاهرةعلى مستوى الوضعية العقارية ,على مستوى الإمكانيات المادية والاقتصاديةللسكان, وكذا على مستوى الثقافة العمرانية.
حافظ محفوض, هيثم اسماعيل, محمد قيس نظام
كلية الزراعة-جامعة تشرين · سوريا
فاطمة الزهراء خويلدي, هاجر مدقن
كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر
إن دراسة الحلم الروائي لدى العديد من الدارسين والباحثين اقتصرت على الحلم و تأويله رغم أنهم يتناسون عن قصد أو غير قصد أهم عناصر في الحلم الروائي ألا وهي الأساليب والمكونات التي تساهم بشكل كبير في فهم وتحليل الحلم كما أنها لا تقل أهمية عن تحويل الحلم من منظوره النفسي إلى كونه حلما إبداعيا أدبيا، بحيث نجد المدونة التي بين أيدينا "رواية ملوك الباطن لحيدر موسى، تحمل ذلك الزخم الفني والإبداعي من حيث البناء والمعنى وكذلك الجمالية الفنية.
آصفديوب, آلاء محمد حيدر , أمينسليمان
جامعة دمشق · سوريا
Feriel Laidi, Malek Merhoun
المدرسة العليا للتجارة - الجزائر · الجزائر
L'évaluation de la performance financière revêt une importance cruciale dans un environnement économique en constante évolution. Elle fournit une mesure objective de la santé financière de l'entreprise, facilite l'adaptation stratégique, maintient la confiance des parties prenantes externes et permet d'évaluer l'efficacité des actions entreprises.L'objectif principal de notre étude est d'appliquer les principaux outils et méthodes d'évaluation de la performance financière. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une méthodologie qui se compose d'une approche théorique visant à expliquer les différentes notions liées à notre sujet, ainsi que d'une approche analytique qui repose sur l'analyse financière. Grâce à cette méthodologie, nous évaluons la performance financière de l'entreprise étudiée et formulons des recommandations pour son amélioration.
بشير عبد الحمزة العلواني , رحاب عيدان كاظم, نورا ابراهيم حسين خليل الشمري
كلية العلوم-جامعة بابل · العراق
This study was conducted in the Department of Biology / College of Science / University of Babylon / Iraq, to evaluate the effect of copper nanoparticles and magnetized salty water in some physiological and biochemical characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). The total number of treatments was 144 (48 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment) for the seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020), and this study included: _The laboratory experiment (the dish experiment). This study was including planting 20 seeds in each dish. The results of this study showed that the effect of single factors (nanoparticles, magnetized water and salinity), the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water; nano.Cu and salinity; magnetic water and nano.Cu) and triple interaction (salinity, magnetic water, and nano.Cu) on the percentage of germination, percentage velocity germination, radical length, fresh and dry weight of the radical in tables (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) respectively, and a decreasing significantly of the percentage of germination, percentage of germination velocity coefficient, radical length and fresh and dry weight of the radical by increasing the single factors and secondary interaction between factors and also increasing the triple interaction of factors. The field experiment (the pots experiment): _at the winter season 2018-2019 from the date of 2/12/2018 where the plants were transferred from the seedlings (60-day age) to the plastic pots (capacity 1.5 kg, diameter 20 cm) to the date 2/4/2019 until the fruiting season at about 120 days of age, the overall number of pots at 144 (48 treatments and 3 replicates per treatment). Physiologically, the results of this experiment were shown that the effect of single factors and secondary interactions between factors and the triple interaction of factors on the dry weight of the shoot and root, the length of the shoot, stem diameter and number of flowers in tables (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11), respectively, recorded a significant increase for the dry weight of the shoot and root, shoot length, stem diameter, and a decreasing significantly of the number of flowers, by increasing of salinity, magnetic water, and nano.Cu, the dry weight of root and shoot was increasing significantly at the interaction between salinity and nano.Cu, also, a significant increasing in the dry weight of the root and shoot at the interaction between (salinity, magnetic water and nano.Cu). The results also showed that shoot length and stem diameter were increasing significantly and the number of flowers was decreasing significantly at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water, salinity and nano.Cu, magnetic water and nano.Cu), the dry weight of shoot and root was increasing significantly at the triple interaction of factors, while the number of flowers was decreasing significantly at the triple interaction of factors. Biochemically, the results showed that the effect of single factors, secondary interaction and triple interaction between factors on each of chl.a, chl.b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll in tables (12, 13, 14 and 15) was recorded an increasing significantly of chl.a, b and total chlorophyll by increasing the salinity, magnetized water and nano.Cu and increasing significantly at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water; salinity and nano.Cu; magnetic water and nano.Cu), in addition of the triple interaction that, chl.a was increasing significantly at the interaction between river water E.C 2.83 dSm-1 and 5 mg/L for nano.Cu, and a decreasing significantly at the interaction between tap water E.C 1.3 dSm-1 and 5 mg/L for nano.Cu, and there was a significant increasing for chl.b when the interaction between the drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 2000 Gauss, and a significant increasing in total chlorophyll at the triple interaction (salinity, magnetic water and nano.Cu). The carotenoids, these were increasing significantly by increasing of salinity and magnetic intensity, and decreasing significantly by increasing of nano.Cu, also, the carotenoids increasing significantly at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water, salinity and nano.Cu, magnetic water and nano.Cu), and they significantly increased at the interaction between the drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 3000 Gauss with 5 mg/L for nano.Cu. And the results were shown the effect of the single factors and the secondary and triple interaction between these factors on catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in tables 16 and 17 respectively, CAT and SOD activity was increasing significantly by increasing salinity, magnetic water, and nano.Cu as well as during the interaction between salinity and nano.Cu, and CAT activity was decreasing significantly in the interaction between the magnetized water and nano.Cu, while SOD activity was increasing significantly at the interaction between the magnetized water and nano.Cu at the triple interaction, while CAT activity was increasing significantly in the interaction between the drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 5 mg/L for nano.Cu, and decreasing significantly at the interaction between river water E.C 2.83 dSm-1 and 9 mg/L for nano.Cu, and SOD activity was increasing significantly in the interaction between the drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 5 mg/L of nano.Cu while the significant reduction in the interaction between the tap E.C 1.3 dSm-1 and 0.5 mg/L for nano.Cu. The effect of the single factors, the secondary and triple interaction between the factors on glutathione and proline content in tables 18 and 19 respectively, the results were shown that these were an increasing significantly in GSH content by increasing the magnetic intensity and a decreasing significantly by increasing of salinity and nano.Cu, as well as an increasing significantly at the interaction between salinity and magnetized water and the interaction between salinity and nano.Cu, while there was a decreasing significantly of GSH content at the interaction between nano.Cu and magnetized water, as well as a decreasing significantly at the triple interaction of factors, as for the proline content, the results were recorded a decreasing significantly by increasing of salinity, magnetized water and nano.Cu, and a significant increase at the interaction between salinity and magnetic water, and the interaction between salinity and nano.Cu, while the proline content was decreasing significantly at the interaction between the magnetic water and the nano.Cu, the proline content was decreasing significantly at the triple interaction of factors. The effect of single factors, the secondary and triple interaction between the factors on MDA content in table 20 was shown that these were a decreasing significantly by increasing of salinity and was increasing significantly by increasing of magnetic water and nano.Cu, and decreasing significantly at the interaction between the magnetic water and nano.Cu, and in the triple interaction, MDA content was increasing significantly at the interaction between the river water E.C 2.83 dSm and 3000 Gauss with 5 mg/L and a decreasing significantly at the interaction between the drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 5 mg/L for nano.Cu. The effect of single factors, secondary and triple interaction on plant hormones auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin and cytokinin in tables 21, 22, 23 and 24 respectively, these results were shown a decreasing significantly of auxin by increasing of salinity and magnetic water and an increasing significantly by increasing of nano.Cu, as well as an increasing significantly of the concentration of auxin at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water, salinity and nano.Cu, magnetized water and nano.Cu), while ABA concentration was an increasing significantly by increasing of salinity and magnetic water and at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water, magnetic water and nano.Cu), and a decreasing significantly of ABA by increasing of nano.Cu, and also at the interaction between salinity and nano.Cu, the concentration of GA was increasing significantly by increasing of salinity, magnetic water and nano.Cu, and also at the interaction between the magnetic water and nano.Cu, but the results were shown a decreasing significantly at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water; salinity and nano.Cu), the concentration of CK was decreasing significantly by increasing salinity and magnetic water, as well as at the interaction between the magnetic water and nano.Cu, and was increasing significantly by increasing of nano.Cu, and at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water; salinity and nano.Cu), in addition to that, the concentrations of all plant hormones were increasing significantly at the triple interaction of the factors (salinity and magnetic water with nano.Cu). Genetically, in table 25, the results were shown that the percentage between cytosine and methylcytocin was increasing significantly by increasing salinity, magnetic water, and nano.Cu, and also was increasing significantly at the interaction between (salinity and magnetic water, salinity and nano.Cu, magnetic water and nano.Cu), while at the triple interaction between these factors, that was increasing significantly at the interaction between drainage water E.C 7 dSm-1 and 2000 Gauss with 0.5 mg/L for nano. Cu, and that was decreasing significantly at the interaction between river water E.C 2.83 dSm-1 and 2000 Gauss with 9 mg/L for nano.Cu.
Chahrazed Boutekedjiret, F. Bentahar, Ramdan Belabbes
المدرسة الوطنية المتعددة التقنيات - الجزائر · الجزائر
Ce travail présente les résultats d'une recherche menée sur l'étude de quelques procédés d'extraction et leur application à la récupération des extraits de romarin: Rosmarinus officinalis L.L'huile essentielle a été extraite par trois procédés: la technologie de détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) récemment mise au point dans le domaine des industries agro-alimentaires et appliquée pour la première fois à l'extraction des huiles essentielles, l'entraînement à la vapeur d'eau et l'hydrodistillation. Quant à la concrète, elle a été extraite en lit fixe avec circulation continue de solvant. L'huile essentielle et la concrète de romarin, récupérés par les différents procédés, ont été caractérisés par leur composition chimique grâce à des analyses par CPG et par CG/SM et par la détermination de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. L'influence sur le rendement et la qualité des extraits de paramètres liés aussi bien à la matière végétale qu'aux procédés d'extraction a pu être quantifiée. Des conditions optimales d'extraction obtenues suite à des études paramétriques et par plans d'expériences sont proposées. Les résultats de ces études ont montré que la technologie de détente instantanée contrôlée pourrait concurrencer l'entraînement à la vapeur d'eau surtout dans le cas de plantes à dépôts endogènes. Par ailleurs, l'étude du transfert de matière a été abordée. Ainsi, l'étude cinétique de l'entraînement à la vapeur d'eau, l'hydrodistillation et l'extraction par solvant organiques volatils a d'une part permis de mettre en évidence les différentes étapes intervenant lors de ces procédés. D'autre part, un modèle mathématique a été proposé dans chaque cas et les coefficients de diffusion de l'huile essentielle et de la concrète ont été déterminés.
حبيبة دريس, عمر الزاهي
كلية الحقوق-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر
هناك عدة عوامل ينقص المردودية الجبائية هي عوامل قانونية تتعلق بعدم توازن النظام الجبائي الجزائري و عدم استقرار تشريعاته و هناك عوامل تتعلق بنقص امكانيات الادارية الجبائية منها المادية و البشرية سواء من حيث العدد أو التأهيل و هناك عوامل تتعلق التهرب الضريبي كعامل هام للنقص في المردودية الى جانب ذلك هناك حلول مقترحة لتفادي ذلك النقص منها المحافظة على استقرار الشريع الجبائي و توازنه و أخرى تتعلق بتححسين امكانيات الادارة الجبائية و أخرى تتعلق بمكافحة التهرب الضريبي عن طريق مثلا المراقبة الجبائية .
