Ahmed Khalil Ahmed, Amaal Osman ALatta Mohamed, Anas Mohamed Osman

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

This research was conducted to study the effect of different stagesof the lactation period on physicochemical properties of three species,dromedary camel, saanen goat and cow milk during different lactationstages. The lactation period of each species was divided into three stagesafter calving, early, mid and late stages. Milk samples for each specieswere collected at different intervals during each stage and thus coveringthe whole lactation period. The samples were then subjected to laboratoryanalysis, which include compositional properties (Fat, Protein, Moisture,Lactose, Ash, Total solids and Solids not fat calcium, phosphorus, iron)and physical properties (pH, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity,specific gravity and freezing point).The obtained results indicated thefollowing:The mean fat % of camel, goat and cow milk obtained in earlystage of lactation period was 3.807±0.098, 2.933±0.126 and 4.407±0.263respectively. The statistical analysis revealed a high significant difference(P≤0.01) between the averages of the fat content of the different animals.In mid stage, means of 3.367±0.073, 5.020±0.149 and 3.787±0.356 forcamel, goat and cow milk were detected and were also highly significantdifference (P≤0.01). For late stage of lactation, average fat % of2.300±0.072, 3.580±0.047 and 4.367±0.352 was found in camel, goat andcow milk respectively. Similarly, high significant difference was noticedherby (P≤ 0.01).The protein content (%) of milk in early stage for camel, goat andcow was 3.087±0.092, 3.633 ±0.039 and 3.400±0.072 respectively.Values obtained were highly significant difference (P≤0.01). In mid stagewere 3.333±0.055, 3.267±0.089 and 3.540±0.065 for camel, goat andivcow milk respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.05) was noticed inthis case. Average values detected in late stage were 3.393±0.055,3.513±0.045 and 3.280±0.034 for camel, goat and cow milk respectively,and showed a significant difference (P≤0.05).The average moisture content (%) of camel, goat and cow milk inearly stage was 88.159±0.171, 87.974±0.175 and 87.957±0.159respectively, and no significant (P≥0.05) was revealed between theaverages. In mid stage mean values of 88.254±0.155, 87.714±0.133 and87.802±0.045 were obtained for camel, goat and cow milk respectivelyand there were highly significant difference (P≤0.01). In late stage meanvalues of 88.817±0.34, 87.569±0.106 and 87.802±0.045 were obtainedfor moisture content of camel, goat and cow respectively, with a highsignificant difference between the means (P≤0.01).Average total solids (TS) % for camel, goat and cow milk obtainedin early stage was 11.841±0.171, 12.026±0.175 and 12.043±0.159respectively. No significant difference was found herby (P≥0.05). In midstage was 11.746±0.155, 12.286±0.132 and 12.671±0.132 were obtainedand also highly significant differences were obtained (P≤0.01). In latestage mean values of 11.183±0.034, 12.431±0.106 and 12.198±0.045were reached and a high significant difference (P≤0.01) was noticed.The average lactose % of camel, goat and cow milk found in earlystage was 4.093±0.113, 4.651±0.071 and 3.491±0.071; in mid stage4.271±0.074, 3.356±0.088 and 4.603±0.097 and in late stage4.673±0.041, 4.557±0.097 and 3.807±0.097 respectively. A highsignificant difference (P≤0.01) was noticed between the averagepercentages of lactose for the three stages of the lactation period.vMean values of ash % found in early stage was 0.745±0.008,0.755±0.007 and 0.740±0.007 in camel, goat and cow respectively, withsignificant difference (P≤0.05). In mid stage mean value of 0.743±0.008,0.756±0.005 and 0.747±0.007, in late stage was 0.745±0.008,0.755±0.007 and 0.740±0.007 for ash % were reached for camel, goat andcow milk respectively. No significant difference (P≥0.05) was detectedbetween the average ash % in both mid and late stages of the lactationperiod. However, the calcium content (mg/100g) of camel, goat and cowmilk was highly significant difference (P≤0.01) in early, mid and latestages of the lactation period. Same was applicable for the phosphorusand iron contents.Mean values of the solid non fat (SNF) in early stage in camel milk8.035±0.174, in goat milk 9.092±0.080 and in cow milk 7.656±0.115. Inmid stage was 8.379±0.104, 7.266±0.156 and 8.891±0.092, in late stagewere 8.889±0.071, 8.851±0.093 and 7.831±0.104 for camel, goat andcow milk were recorded, a high significant difference (P≤0.01) wasrecorded between the means of the SNF throughout the three stages of thelactation period.Concerning physical properties; average pH values of camel, goatand cow milk in early stage obtained were: 6.584±0.019, 6.727±0.018and 6.440±0.042 respectively. A high significant difference (P≤0.01) wasdetected. In mid stage was 6.477±0.024, 6.573±0.042 and 6.600±0.041,in late stage were 6.486±0.042, 6.591±0.027 and 6.583±0.009 for camel,goat and cow milk respectively. The statistical analysis revealed asignificant difference (P≤0.05) between the means of pH in both mid andlate lactation stages.Average titratable acidity (as lactic acid) % obtained in early stage,was 0.161±0.003, 0.140±0.002 and 0.141±0.002 for camel, goat and cowmilk respectively, and showed a high significant difference (P≤0.01). Formid stage were 0.166±0.004, 0.154±0.004 and 0.169±0.003 respectively,indicating a significant difference (p≤0.05). In late stage were0.150±0.005, 0.175±0.002 and 0.156±0.005 for camel, goat and cow milkrespectively, with a high significant difference (P≤0.01).Mean values of electrical conductivity (mS) in early stage,6.553±0.124, 5.767±0.147 and 4.487±0.034, in mid stage was7.989±0.135, 5.798±0.073 and 5.453±0.091, and for late stage was7.965±0.086, 6.234±0.122 and 5.427±0.109 for camel, goat and cow milkrespectively. The statistical analysis showed a high significant difference(P≤0.01) between the means values during the three stages of lactationperiod.The specific gravity showed means of 1.0324±0.0003,1.0322±0.0003 and 1.0327±0.0003 for early stage; for mid stage,1.0318±0.0005, 1.0324±0.0005 and 1.0325±0.0004 and late stage,1.0326±0.0004, 1.0318±0.0004 and 1.0320±0.0004 for camel, goat andcow milk respectively, and no significant difference (P≥0.05) was noticedthroughout the three stages of the lactation period.Freezing point (̊C) showed an average of -0.543± 0.002,-0.472±0.073 and -0.549±0.001 in early stage, in mid stage was-0.546±0.002, -0.545±0.002 and -0.546±0.002. In late stage was-0.576±0.002, -0.576±0.002 and -0.576±0.002, with no significantdifference (P≥0.05) throughout the three stages of the lactation period.

بغدادي بلال, مليكة حفيظ شبايكي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة الجزائر 3 - إبراهيم سلطان شيبوط · الجزائر

ماهية السياحة و أهميتها و آثارها الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية و السياسية و مقومات القطاع السياحي في الجزائر و معوقات تطوره و مشروعات البنية الأساسية و التنمية السياحية و دور البيئة الثقافية و الأمنية و القطاع الخاص في تنمية القطاع السياحي بالجزائر و دور الترويح فيها و اخيرا دراسة حالة مؤسسة التسيير الحموي بحمام ريغة.

Hisham M. Al-Hassani, علي رشيد علي

الجامعة التكنولوجية · العراق

زينب باعيسى, محمد الصديق بن غزالة

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

تناولت الدراسة إشكالية مفهوم الحرية في فلسفة برغسون والمتمثلة في التحرر من سلطة العلم والمجتمع واللغة ، باعتبار أن الحرية لدى برغسون لا يمكن أن تكون حقيقة إلا إذا بدأت بالتحرر من مقتضيات الحياة العلمية .وإذا كان التحرر يفرض أن نبذل الجهد وأن نتحول عن ميلنا الطبيعي ،فإن ذلك يعني أنه فعل إيجابي إرادي ، إنه إذن حرية إيجابية وليس موقف سلبيا،يتمحور مفهوم الحرية عند هنري برغسون حول عدة نقاط أساسية حيث طرح رؤية مغايرة في مفهوم الحرية ،فوفق اعتقاده ،فإن النظريات والأفكار التي تناولت مشكلة الحرية في زمنه ،لم تقدم الوصف الدقيق لها ،بل زادت من الالتباسات لكل من الديمومة مع الامتداد ،والتتابع مع التزامن .

Manikandan K. P, أروم ألبنتانا, محمد قربان

كلية هندسة البترول وعلوم الأرض-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Full Name: Arum AlbuntanaThesis Title: [Ecotoxicity of Arabian Light Crude Oil and Oil-Based Drilling Mud on the Local Arabian Killifish (Aphanius dispar) and Commercial Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.)Major Field: [Environmental Science]Date of Degree: [December 2017]Oil spills are one of the common occurrences in the Arabian Gulf either due to accidental spills from oil-related activities or due to marine transportation of oil. Studies on the toxicity of Arabian Light crude oil on marine aquatic organisms are limited. This work aims to study the toxicity of the Arabian Light crude oil, Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) of Arabian Light crude oil, Arabian Light crude oil plus a dispersant, Suspended Particulate Phase (SPP) of oil-based mud, and Solid Phase (SP) of oil-based mud on two animal models viz., the local Arabian Killifish (Aphanius dispar) and commercial Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.) from Ocean nutrition, USA. Varying concentrations of Arabian Light crude oil and oil-based mud were prepared to determine the LC50 of Arabian Killifish (Aphanius dispar) for 96h, and the LC50 and EC50 of Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.) for 48h of exposure. The results show that the LC50 of Arabian killifish (Aphanius dispar) exposed to Arabian Light crude oil plus oil dispersant for 96h is 164.19 mgL-1, 262.90 mgL-1 for Dispersant, and 137565.36 mgL-1 for Solid Phase (SP) of Oil-Based Mud. Whilst, LC50 of Artemia sp. exposed to the SPP of oil-based mud for 48h is 38.82%. Furthermore, the short-term (48h) toxicity tests show that EC50 of the cysts of the Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.) exposed to the SPP of Oil-Based Mud is 5.01%, and 5.95% for WSF of Arabian Light Crude Oil. The study indicates that Arabian Killifish (Aphanius dispar) can be used for short-term (96 h) toxicity tests using the Arabian Light Crude Oil plus the dispersant Surfatron and the SP of oil-based mud. However, the WSF of Arabian Light crude oil and the SPP of oil-based mud do not show any mortality in Arabian Killifish (Aphanius dispar) for short-term (96 hours) toxicity testing. This may be due to the concentration of toxic compounds (total PAHs) in WSF of Arabian light crude oil (39.55 ng/ml), and SPP of oil-based mud (345.58 ng/ml) was not high enough to kill the Arabian killifish for an exposure of 96 hours. On the contrary, experiments on the Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.) can be concluded that the Brine Shrimp (Artemia sp.) can be used and is more feasible for short-term toxicity tests on Arabian Light crude oil and oil-based mud (OBM).Keywords: Ecotoxicity, LC50, EC50, Arabian Light Crude Oil (ALCO), Oil-Based Mud (OBM)

سكينة البجمادي, عبدالمنعم آيت علي

كلية الطب والصيدلة-جامعة محمد الخامس بالرباط · المغرب

K. Alitouche, Mustapha Bennouchen, Sami Benchibane

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Notre but est de faire une étude complète et détaillée sur l'alternateur de la centrale à vapeurbasée sur le calcul de rendement de cette machine.Pour cela nous allons adopter le plan suivant :Dans le premier chapitre nous exposerons brièvement le complexe de Cevital Bejaia, puisnous donnerons un aperçu sur la centrale à vapeur de l'entreprise, ainsi que ses composantesprincipales.Le second chapitre sera consacré aux généralités sur les machines synchrones enfonctionnement alternateur, suivi d'une description détaillée de l'alternateur utilisé dans lachaine de conversion de l'énergie électrique au niveau de la centrale, en passant par saconstitution, principes de fonctionnement, système d'excitation et les procédures dedémarrage, afin de pouvoir identifier ses paramètres internes.Le troisième chapitre sera centré sur l'analyse fonctionnelle de l'alternateur, en s'intéressantà des essais expérimentaux, qui nous permettront de déterminer les différentes pertes pourcalculer et évaluer le rendement de l'alternateur.

Ounissi Imène , زينب برهانى

كلية الأداب واللغات-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

Ce mémoire a pour objectif d'une part, de cerner les difficultés qui empêchent les apprenants de 1ère AM à la compréhension d'un document sonore lors d'une activité de compréhension de l'oral qu'est considéré comme la compétence la plus indispensable dans l'enseignement / apprentissage d'une langue étrangère. D'autre part, de savoir les causes de ces difficultés. Pour trouver les réponses de nos questions, nous avons mené une enquête auprès des élèves de 1ère AM et les enseignants de collège. En choisissant deux méthodes de travail, dans la première nous avons assisté dans une classe de 1ère AM pour observer les difficultés et les analyser, et la deuxième méthode nous avons distribué un questionnaire aux enseignants de divers collèges pour savoir leurs avis concernant cette activité

Mohamed Sassi, Naima Chenna, Sanaa Rais

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

Cette étude a pour objectif de préparer des billes de bio-adsorbants à partir des boues issues du traitement des eaux usées de la STEP de Tiaret et de l’alginate pour l’élimination du colorant cationique « Crystal violet » issus de l’industrie textile. L’identification des bioadsorbants a été effectuée par différentes analyses à savoir la spectroscopie infrarouge et la diffraction des rayons X (DRX). Les propriétés adsorbantes des matériaux ont été évaluées par l’adsorption du Crystal violet. Le processus d’adsorption a été effectué en fonction de différents paramètres influant tels que le pH, la température et la concentration initiale de l’adsorbat. Les isothermes et les cinétiques d’adsorption ont été étudiées et traités avec différents modèles mathématiques. Les résultats ont bien montré que les boues préparés sont des excellents adsobants pour l’élimination du Crystal violet.

الهاشمي مقراني, جميلة خيذر

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية والانسانية-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر

إن المشاركة النسوية السياسية تستند على رؤو س الموضوعات المذكورة آعلاه كما إنها لا تتم بدون صعوبات و عراقيل إجتماعية عائلية مهنية و سياسية .كما أن بحثنا هذا إرتكز على التطور التاريخي لمشاركة المرأة الجزائرية في الحياة الإجتماعية و السياسية ’ من الأسرة التقليدية مرورا بالثورة التحررية ، الإستقلال 1962/1988و اخيرا الديموقراطية ومشاركتها السياسية .