جيلالي بوسحبة , كريمة شلابي

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

مــلخص مذكرة الماستر تعتبر غرفة الاتهام غرفة من غرف المجلس القضائي، ذي التشكيلة الجماعية. لها اختصاصات متنوعة خلال مراحل الإجراءات الجزائية، فعلى مستوى التحقيق القضائي نجد لها أدوار في غاية الأهمية، حيث تمكن الخصوم من حقهم في استئناف الأوامر الصادرة عن قاضي التحقيق وقاضي الأحداث. كما تعتبر في نفس الوقت جهة عليا للتحقيق، تصدر قرارات هامة بعد انتهاء التحقيق كقرار ألا وجه للمتابعة وقرار الإحالة للمحكمة المختصة. تتم إحالة المتهم أمام محكمة الجنايات بموجب قرار نهائي صادر عنها، وكذا قرار إبطال التحقيق. كما نلمس امتداد اختصاصاتها والسلطات الممنوحة إليها خارج التحقيق القضائي، فهي جهة رقابة على أعمال وسلطات قاضي التحقيق للتأكد من مدى صحة وملائمة الإجراءات التي يمارسها في نطاقه. لذا حاولنا قدر المستطاع الإلمام بكل سلطات غرفة الاتهام ومدى رقابتها من غموض ونقصن بإزالة التعارض بين النصوص القانونية المنظمة لمهامها. وفي الأخير نلخص أن غرفة الاتهام تتسم بحركية نشاطها والحذر ومدى إمكانية تقديرها للأدلة ومتابعة السير في الدعوى العمومية أو وضع حدّ لها

Ahmed Boutarfaia , Abdelhek Meklid

كلية العلوم والهندسة-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

Ce travail a pour objectif, la synthèse et l’élaboration, l’étude des propriétés diélectriques,piézoélectriques et mécaniques d’un nouveau matériau en céramique de type PZT de structurepérovskite dans le système ternaire (0.80-x)Pb(Cr1/5,Ni1/5,Sb3/5)O3-xPbTiO3-0.20PbZrO3 avec0,30 ≤ x ≤ 0,42.Une substitution en site B a été réalisée afin d’améliorer ses propriétés physiques.Les échantillons choisis pour cette étude ont été préparés par la méthode de synthèse à voiesolide. Les échantillons ont subi un frittage : 1100, 1150,1180 °C successivement, afind’optimiser la température de frittage où la densité d’échantillon est maximale (prés de ladensité théorique) et donc le produit de meilleure qualité physique.Différentes techniques de caractérisation ont été utilisées pour cette étude telle que, ladiffraction des rayons X, la microscopie électronique à balayage MEB et les mesuresélectriques.Les diagrammes de diffraction des rayons X ont indiqué que les compositions prés de laFMP, se situent dans la gamme 39% ≤ x ≤ 42% et l’étude morphologique des différentséchantillons a montré que la céramique PZT-CNS (20/42/38) fritté à 1180 °C prés de la FMP afavorisé la croissance des grains.L’étude des propriétés diélectriques de tous les échantillons a montré une faiblepermittivité diélectrique pour l’échantillon 20/42/38 (εr = 4262,48), et un faible facteur dedissipation 0,1162 supposés prés de la frontière morphotropique de phase où coexiste les deuxphases téragonale (T) et rhomboédrique (R).L’étude des propriétés piézoélectrique de l’échantillon (20/42/38) a montré également unevaleur maximale du facteur de couplage électromécanique planaire (0,8827).

Mahmoud Ali Ahmed, Waleed AbdEl-wahab Abd El-majid

كلية اللغات-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

Translation acts as a bridge through which the world’s cultures areconnected to each other. The study aimed at identifying the role oftranslation as a means to boost learning skills and communicativecompetence for EFL Learners. To prove the research hypotheses, the studyapplied the experimental method that required teaching material intranslation (for three weeks) to thirty-five students in order to enhance theirlearning skills and communicative competence so as to find out the impactof the practicing translation techniques on the development of these skills.To analyze the data, (SPSS) program has been used. A number of resultshave been arrived at, the most essential ones: Most students are unable touse monolingual dictionaries let alone bi-lingual ones. The students’motivation and participation will increase when using technological meansin English classes especially online sources, educational videos displayedvia projectors. Using translation syllabuses in teaching English willcontribute significantly to the development of students’ language skills. Themost significant recommendations: In translation classes, students should betrained basically on how to guess the meaning from context first and thenhow to use dictionaries to get the appropriate equivalent words. Teachersshould concentrate on fluency more than accuracy in English classes. EFLStudents should be trained exclusively on the differences between Englishand Arabic language in terms of sentence structure, grammatical rules, andidiomatic expressions in order to overcome the grammatical mistakes. Thestudy also recommended the use of translation as part of the Englishcurriculum in English programs at universities, in general.

جوهر فلاحي , سميرة عسلي, كهينة أيت ساحد

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

تتولى الدولة الجزائرية حماية المؤسسات الناشئة عندما تتعرض للمنافسة الشرسة في السوق، بسبب ممارسات احتكارية تنتهجها الشركات المهيمنة فوضع المشرع اجراءات خاصة، فيقوم مجلس المنافسة بمتابعة هذه المرحلة ويعقد جلسات ومداولات واستدعاء الاطراف كما منح له المشرع صلاحيات اقرار عقوبات ذات طبيعة ادارية كمقابل للضرر الذي خلفته الاتفاقات المقيدة للمنافسة.

حكيمة ميسون, محمد خماري

كلية العلوم الدقيقة-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Le rôle du développement agricole est très important dans l'économie d'un pays. Cependant, l'apparition de plusieurs maladies des plantes constitue un frein majeur au taux de croissance et à la qualité des cultures. La détection et la classification exactes des maladies des feuilles des cultures sont une activité complexe et longue en raison de l'apparition d'informations à faible contraste dans les échantillons d'entrée. De plus, les modifications de la taille, de l'emplacement, de la structure de la partie malade de la culture et l'existence d'un effet de bruit et de flou dans les images d'entrée compliquent encore davantage la tâche de classification. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, une approche robuste basée sur les techniques d'apprentissage automatique et de la vision par ordinateur est proposée. Plus précisément, nous avons introduit un système qui compose de 4 étapes : pré-traitement, extraction des caractéristiques avec une combinaisons de 3 méthodes (LPQ, LBP, VGG16), Réduction des dimensions avec (PCA, LDA) et enfin une classification finale en utilisant la distance euclidienne, permettant une classification binaire dans un premier temps (malade et saine) et dans un deuxième temps une classification de déférents types de maladie de la culture.

ماجدالين صوفي تابيم

كلية العلوم والأداب-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

This thesis rests on the assumption that the racial hierarchization and differentiation of migrant domestic workers in Lebanon often result in their exploitation and exclusion under the kafala sponsorship system. Kafala, as the primary legal framework governing migrant domestic workers, creates a power dynamic which employers often exploit. The legality of migrant domestic workers depends on their employers, which completely absolves the state of its responsibility. Moreover, due to the nature of their work, domestic workers are explicitly excluded from the protection and provisions enjoyed by other workers. They, thus, are positioned at the bottom of the hierarchy as the last category of workers. The states' exclusion of migrant domestic workers and the delegation of domestic labour regulation to private recruitment agencies encourage dehumanizing recruitment practices. Using a qualitative content analysis methodology, I examine the accounts of migrant domestic workers published in the Lebanese Daily Star and explore how the color line operates in the lives of African migrant domestic workers. By employing the framework of racial and classical capitalism, I locate kafala within the global structures that exploit migrant domestic workers from less developed countries. In doing so, I demonstrate how the kafala system's racialised labour practices are a microcosm of the larger historical processes of colonialism, slavery, and other forms of servitude.

سعاد سيسون, سليم سعدلي

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

الملخص:تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى قراءة النصوص الشعرية التي حفلت بها تجربة الشاعر عبد الملك بومنجل، والتعرف على مضامينها وفهم علاقاتها السياقية وخصائص أساليبها وتحولها من ديوان لآخر بعد عرض أهم المستويات للبنية اللغوية للنصوص الشعرية، واقتضت طبيعة الموضوع أن تتخذ المنهج الأسلوبي التحليلي الإحصائي لتحديد مختلف الظواهر الأسلوبية على مستوى الصوت والتركيب والدلالة التي تمت دراستها لفحص القيمة الفنية والقيمة الجمالية والدلالية.الكلمات المفتاحية: النصوص الشعرية، البنية اللغوية، القيم الجمالية، السياق، الدلالة.Abstract:This study seeks to read the poetic texts that were filled with the experience of the poet Abdelmalek Boumendjel, and to identify their contents and understand their contextual relationships and the characteristics of their styles and their transformation from one collection to another after presenting the most important levels of the linguistic structure of the poetic texts. The nature of the subject required adopting the analytical statistical stylistic approach to determine the various stylistic phenomena at the level of sound, structure and meaning that were studied to examine the artistic value and the aesthetic and semantic value.Keywords: Poetic texts, linguistic structure, aesthetic values, context, meaning.

أيمن إبراهيم البيلي, توفيق التيجاني محمد

كلية الطب البيطري-جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

The study was designed to evaluatedrinking water hygiene, withspecial reference to the incidence of bacterial water-borne disease insome parts of Sudan, demonstratedUnity and Kassala states. Besideevaluating the real situation ofdrinking water safety in thementioned states, some other supporting surveys were included so as tobring some basic field-data, the thing which positively provided thestudy with important knowledge regarding targeted communities.A total of 45 water samples were collected from the knowndrinking water sources within two states, which most of them were likelyto be (Water-treating stations, natives houses, pools-hafir-, swamps andsome wells), as 25 sample from Unity and 20 samples from Kassalastate. Samples were examined for bacterial contamination using TheMost Probable number of bacteriain a positive presumptive sample,(MPN) technique. The 40 positive contaminated samples were exposedto more investigation to isolate enteric bacteria Genera, by usingclassic identification for bacteria; the results obtained showed overallof 243 isolates in which 12 bacterial Genera were included, 18% outthe total isolates was of Genus Escherichia,nevertheless bacteria of Genus Alcagenes have not been isolatedfrom Kassala state samples it represents a percentage of 3% out ofthe total bacterial isolates, that was enough for ranking it as thelowest level of bacteria isolated during this study. Also physicalappearance of water samples (turbidity, pH, and colour), watersource flow, and water treatment; were considered and investigatedas initial data.IVRecords of diseases cases through out some study areasshowed significant high incidence rate of diarrhoeal diseases, whichmay be diagnosed or strongly suspected as water-borne diseases,in addition it was clearly observed that some other water-related casesare actually raised-up in considerable rates.Interviews and questionnaires held during the study, whichtargeted populations groups who used to get their drinking water from thesampled water sources; reflected a serious absence of basic healthknowledge among large numbers of interviewees. The great percentageof agreement in one answer among interviewees was 93.1% , they saidNOwhen the question was: (Do you use any treatment for waterbefore drinking??). Nay, but also 58.6% relied that untreated water haveno least hazard to anyone’s health.The study reckoned that; majority ofdrinking water sources in thestudy-area are considered not safe at all, and that is absolutelyresponsible of many disease cases, both in morbidity and mortality rates,specially among neo-natal and children in the mentioned areas.The study strongly propounded tonew-sighted establishing ofunitary water and sanitation projects, with a priority of essentially neededhealth knowledge effusing,and community participating, the thingswhich may provide the needed benefits and make assurance of bothefficiency and sustainabilityof any proposed project

حمه نورى عمر كاكى, دلان عثمان عبدالكريم, دلثاد على محمد, طاهر محمد على

كلية اللغات-جامعة السليمانية · العراق

Reem Abdulla Salman Alkhalifa, Mustafa Aytekin, رياض بن محمد قسطنطيني

كلية العلوم-جامعة البحرين · البحرين

Social media has reshaped the way in which individuals communicate with disruptive negative and positive externalities, alongside being breeding grounds for bot activities. Social media, limited to Twitter in this research, is rarely monitored and has accelerated the dissemination of disinformation, most of which is attributed to bot activities. To date, bot detection techniques are challenged by their inability to keep abreast with bot progression, while its importance is increasingly being bought to the forefront of political discussions. Therefore, the research will introduce a local-global SVM (LG-SVM) model to increase flexibility in detection methods to keep abreast with the ever-evolving world of Twitter. The end- to-end framework has increased accuracy in detection by treating the data as unsupervised and introducing an autocoder to reduce dimensionality, which has solved for over-fitting. The multi-level framework starts with a convolutional layer that reduces dimensionality and learns key short-term characteristics, followed by a max pooling layer, two bi-LSTM models, a bottleneck layer, an upscaling layer, and a deconvolution layer. Dimension reduction oversaw the reduction of the dataset into 3 lengths: 70, 100, and 130, resulting in a 99% accuracy rate. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron model is built to predict the impact Bot Tweets have on stock market volatility with a 96.53% coefficient correlation.