سهيلة يوسفي , عبدالكريم لطفي

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

السخرية وسيلة فنية أدبية من عصر الجاهلية حتى يومنا هذا فقد جمعت كتب الأدب و التاريخ ملامح الفن الساخر ،و السخرية ليست مجرد وسيلة تستعمل للترفيه عن النفس من خلال التسلية و الإضحاك وإنما هي فن له أصوله وقواعده ،كما أنها سلاح من أسلحة المقاومة ،استعملها الشعب الجزائري ضد الإستعمار الفرنسي ويتجلى ذلك من خلال الأعمال الأدبية الجزائرية وعلى رأسها أحمد رضاحوحو.

Nadir Belgroune, Rachida Sahil, Salima Rebouh

كلية العلوم-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Farouk Smaali, Mohamed Lashab

كلية العلوم والعلوم التطبيقية-جامعة العربي بن مهيدي - أم البواقي · الجزائر

Les réseaux sans fil sont l'objectif sur lequel les chercheurs se concentrent actuellement, pour obtenir des informations et des communications de haute qualité qui sont transférées et échangées plus rapidement et plus précisément que les réseaux câblés. Spécialement dans les zones urbaines densément peuplées. La solution était donc l'utilisation de l'OFDM, une technique qui repose sur l'utilisation de fréquences orthogonales. Dans ce manuscrit on traite de la technologie sans fil MIMO-OFDM, une technologie basée sur l'OFDM associée à la diversité causée par le MIMO (multi-antennes). Cette technologie améliore la transmission à un très faible débit binaire (TEB). Cette technologie est utilisée dans les téléphones mobiles et dans les endroits surpeuplés où la technologie de transmission multi-antennaires est efficace. Dans ce mémoire, nous avons développé un programme sur le logiciel Matlab qui utilise la technologie OFDM en combinaison avec la technologie MIMO, on montre que cette combinaison offre de nombreux avantages, notamment le très faible taux d'erreur.

Meriam Nait Mouloud, S. Haouchine , S. Lamine

كلية العلوم البيولوجية والزراعية-جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو · الجزائر

Les résultats d’une étude du peuplement de macroinvertébrés benthiques dans un cours d’eau du sous bassin versant de l’Oued Aissi sont exposés. Le travail a été mené sur 6 stations échantillonnées entre 180m et 1200m d’altitude. L’inventaire faunistique a permis de recenser un total de 27 446 individus appartenant à 15 groupes zoologiques (50 familles et 57 genres). Cette richesse est maximale dans les hautes et moyennes altitudes qui constituent les zones les plus hétérogènes, tandis que dans les stations de basse altitude, le nombre de taxons diminue considérablement. Cet appauvrissement est attribué aux impacts des différentes activités humaines. Les Diptères avec 48,46% de la faune totale et les Ephéméroptères avec 46,82% sont largement dominants sur le plan numérique. Les autres groupes ne présentent qu’une faible fraction de la faune récoltée. L’objectif principal de ce travail, est l’évaluation de la qualité biologique de l’eau par les méthodes biologiques (IBGN et BMWP’), basées sur les données faunistiques ; ainsi que d’évaluer l’état de santé écologique du cours d’eau étudié. L’évaluation de la qualité hydrobiologique du cours d’eau échantillonné, appréciée par les méthodes IBGN et BMWP’ ; a montré une variation de la qualité de l’eau et du milieu d’excellente à douteuse.

Berkani Madjid , سالم هاروني, كاميليا خميس

كلية العلوم الدقيقة-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le comportement thermique du sulfate de cuivre dans le domaine 298-1170 k. L’analyse des courbes de thermogravimétrie(TG)/DTG)nous a permis d’identifier les différentes réactions mises en jeu et déterminer les températures correspondantes. Les thermo grammes représentant les pertes de masse en (%)en fonction de la température mettent en évidence six étapes de perte de masse.

Ouahiba Boumaza, Rabia Boukaabache

كلية العلوم الدقيقة-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1 · الجزائر

عبدالحميد بوفاس, عزيز لعكايشي

كلية الاداب واللغات-جامعة الاخوة منتورى - قسنطينة 1 · الجزائر

أشرف شاكر مصطفى صدقي, أيمن أحمد جكنون

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النيلين · السودان

يهدف البحث لدراسة خطورة المياه الملوثه الناتجه عن سوء أستخدام المياه والزياده المضطرده فيها نسبة للزياده السكانيه.كما يهدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على مصادر التلوث، وتقييم مدى مطابقة مياه الصرف الصحي لمعايير الهيئة السودانية للمواصفات والمقاييس والتعرف على تكنولوجيا معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي وذلك لغرض إستخدامها في مجال الري الزراعي .تم إختيار محطة الصرف الصحي بالسلاح الطبي في امدرمان لهذا الغرض حيث تم فحص عينات من مياه المحطة قبل وبعد المعالجة الناتجة وتم اجراء الاختبارات بمختبر المياه وجودة الغذاء والبيئة بالسلاح الطبي.حيث تم تحليل عينتين من مياه الصرف الصحي بالسلاح الطبي ووجد أن قيم نتائج إختبار كمية الأكسجين المطلوب حيويا والأكسجين المطلوب كيميائيا مرتفعة مقارنة بالمدى المسموح به وفقا لمعايير المواصفات السودانية لري الحدائق العامة بينما قيم كمية المواد الصلبة الذائبة وكمية المواد الصلبة العالقة والرقم الهيدروجيني والكبريتيدات والكلوريدات تقع داخل المدى المسموح به كما توضح النتائج مدى خطورة المياه الملوثة في المستشفيات وضرورة عملية معالجة لها قبل التصريف

أميرة صدقي محمد شعث, محمد عوض

جامعة القدس · فلسطين

Implementing clinical pharmacy services in Palestinian governmental hospitals is seriously needed and recommended. Many attempts took place to implement clinical pharmacy services within selected governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip, but non of these attempts was effective in providing wide range of clinical pharmacy services at a large scale. The recent attempt to implement clinical pharmacy services within MOH hospitals in Gaza Strip was in the year of 2004 when the General Administration of Pharmacy through its Pharmaceutical Quality Improvement Committee asked the official permission to start implement such services. An official approval from MOH was gained to start implementing such services. The objectivesof this study were first, to describe driving forces and holding back forces that affected or may affect the implementation process, second to set recommendations that will help in optimizing the effectiveness of the implementation process. A qualitative descriptivestudy was carried in the General Administration of pharmacy of MOH, the nine governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip in which clinical pharmacy services are proposed to be implemented and Al Azhar university. The study samplewas key informants from different sectors in the pharmacy field who had the experience and knowledge regarding challenges that face implementing clinical pharmacy services in Palestinian governmental hospitals. Twenty five Key informants were selected for their knowledge and expertise about the topic. Data was collected through using a focus interview loosely structured questions.Results showed that implementing clinical pharmacy services in MOH hospitals in Gaza Strip still in its primary stage and there are many factors that affect it both 8positively and negatively. Factors that would promote implementing clinical pharmacy services included improving patient's quality of life, economic efficiency, provision of an ideal team work and new step towards the profession of pharmacy. Factors that would hinder and negatively impact the implementation process included administrational and ministerial changes and instability, inappropriate work place and working environment, lack of rewards and motivation, time constrains and work overload , lack of mentality regarding the concept of clinical pharmacy and absence of knowledge and communication skills and lack of training courses provided to in practice clinical pharmacists. Conclusion: implementing clinical pharmacy in Palestinian hospitals still in its primary phase, much to be said and done in order to make it an efficient and effective process .Recommendation:A number of steps should be considered as pharmacy prepares to shift toward a profession-wide, patient-centered practice model. First theremust be a law empowerment that support the implementation process. MOH should adopt a unifying philosophy of practice that establishes the patient as theprimary beneficiary of the profession, with the pharmacist accepting shared responsibility with other health care professionals for patient care. Second, a workshops should be conducted for health care providers to introduce the term ``clinical pharmacy`` to them. Third, a clinical pharmacy a administration need to be established and it needs to be given an authority to organize the clinical pharmacy services and direct it's activities. Fourth, more effective collaboration between pharmacy educators in Al Azhar University and decision makers in the General Administration of Pharmacy of MOH will be necessary to improve clinical pharmacists practices. Pharmacy educators can strengthen their effort to develop student's abilities to function as future clinical pharmacists professionals.

Pain, Arnab, يارا الزاهد

جامعة الملك عبدالله للعلوم والتقنية · السعودية

The group of Mycobacteria is one of the most intensively studied bacterial taxa, asthey cause the two historical and worldwide known diseases: leprosy and tuberculosis.Mycobacteria not identified as tuberculosis or leprosy complex, have been referred toby ‘environmental mycobacteria’ or ‘Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii) is one of the most frequent NTM pathogens, asit causes pulmonary disease in immuno-competent patients and pulmonary, anddisseminated disease in patients with various immuno-deficiencies. There have beenfive documented subtypes of this bacterium, by different molecular typing methods,showing that type I causes tuberculosis-like disease in healthy individuals, and type IIin immune-compromised individuals. The remaining types are said to beenvironmental, thereby, not causing any diseases. The aim of this project was toconduct a comparative genomic study of M. kansasii types I-V and investigating thegene expression level of those types. From various comparative genomics analysis,provided genomics evidence on why M. kansasii type I is considered pathogenic, byfocusing on three key elements that are involved in virulence of Mycobacteria: ESXsecretion system, Phospholipase c (plcb) and Mammalian cell entry (Mce) operons.The results showed the lack of the espA operon in types II-V, which renders the ESX-1 operon dysfunctional, as espA is one of the key factors that control this secretionsystem. However, gene expression analysis showed this operon to be deleted in typesII, III and IV. Furthermore, plcB was found to be truncated in types III and IV.Analysis of Mce operons (1-4) show that mce-1 operon is duplicated, mce-2 is absentand mce-3 and mce-4 is present in one copy in M. kansasii types I-V. Gene expressionprofiles of type I-IV, showed that the secreted proteins of ESX-1 were slightlyupregulated in types II-IV when compared to type I and the secreted forms of ESX-5were highly down regulated in the same types. Differentially expressed genes in typesII-IV were also evaluated and validated by qPCR for selected genes. This study gavea general view of the genome of this bacterium and its types, highlighted somedifferent aspects of its subtypes and supplemented by gene expression data.