Heba Dabliz, Walid Moubarak

مدرسة الآداب والعلوم-الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية · لبنان

The world has witnessed in the past few years, a tremendous increase in ethnic conflict, mostly located in the third world. Since this study aims at understanding ethnic conflict, it becomes important to take a look at the dramatic tensions that took place within the IUSSR between the Armenians and the Azeris that got involved in a conflict over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh. In an attempt to realize this objective, a historical review of crucial events as well as geopolitical factors that intensified the conflict will be taken into consideration; for further study. Moreover, the attitudes of the Great and regional powers( Tnrkey, U.S, Iran and Russia) as well as the role of major international organizations (the U.N, the OSeE) will be surveyed, including the interests of Armenia, Azerbaijan role and perspective vis-a- vis the conflict.In support of what has been stated and what I will attempt to examine throughout this study, the Armenian- zerbaijan case study will help us understand: why people(ethno-political) fight and how does the world community contain those rebellions. To find an answer to those questions, precise analysis will be granted to the available methods that promise a solution to those brutal conflicts. Those methods vary from ignoring the conflict and its basic causes to taking measures in regards to the conflict in order to solve the case. The latter approach was used in this case study; therefore, a careful consideration will be offered in this case study about third party intervention, their roles as well as to the outcome of their negotiations.Finally, this study will revise whether the behavior of the rebellious parties (Armenians and Azeris) who have struggled for autonomy, causes a breach to the regional and international norms of self-determination. In brief, those are the questions that I will be studying throughout this study while having in mind that this case-study presents an internal-regional conflict that called for the interference of major super-powers because they further discovered that natural resources in Azerbaijan could be endangered. It's then that the U.S., among other nations, participated into trying to solve the conflict that endangered the lives of civilians and military personnel.

May A. Fawaz

مدرسة الآداب والعلوم-الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية · لبنان

Ferda Akgun , Kai Fan

جامعة خليفة · الامارات

Well control is the technique used in oil and gas operations such as drilling, well workover, and well completions to maintain the fluid column hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure to prevent influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. During drilling operations, the hydraulic pressure balance is the most important condition for maintaining a safe drilling environment. The influx from the formation is inevitable during the drilling process, and the formation fluid that goes into the wellbore will displace equal volume of drilling fluids out of the hole. In order to maintaining suitable hydrostatic pressure, it is necessary to circulate the kick out with a suitable method. The existing method of well control circulation is to monitor the drill pipe pressure and manage the choke to hold the bottom hole circulating pressure above formation pressure while circulating the influx out of the annulus. However, this heavily relies on the experience of the personnel particularly if problems occur. In order to circulate a kick out with a safe bottom hole pressure, usually the choke operator control chokes by observing stand pipe pressure, which was calculated on a kill sheet. One of the major disadvantages of the existing method is that the pressure wave needs a few seconds to travel from the choke which is located near the casing to the stand pipe pressure gauge. (If the pressure wave travels at 1000ft/s from the choke to standpipe, then the standpipe gauge response time required for a 10,000ft well would be 20 seconds) In order to avoid this pressure retard the choke operator could calculate and monitor the casing pressure on the control panel, and calculate the stand pipe pressure in addition. One of the major advantages of this method is that it enables the choke operator to handle the complicated downhole situation with more accuracy and immediate response. In addition, this method gives more accurate and timely detection of some of the well control problems such as Nozzle Plugging, Nozzle Washout Drill String Wash out, Choke Plug and Washout, etc. Well control problems such as nozzle and choke washout and plugging may lead to major well control issues if they are not detected in a timely way. This heavily relies on the experience of the personnel. There is a need to detect these problems in a timely way in order to avoid subsequent problems. The improved method presents a technique that does not rely on the experience of the personnel.

A. Benhabib, Amel Abiayad Khedim

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

L'objet de ce travail est d'analyser l'industrie pharmaceutique algérienne à travers une analyse SWOT, afin de pouvoir cerner les raisons qui font que l'Algérie dépend toujours de l'importation en matière de médicament et cela malgré toutes les mesures d'encouragements pour booster la production locale.Il sera question de répondre à quelques interrogations de recherche relative à la nécessite de s'allier avec les laboratoires étrangers.Ce travail sera centré sur les alliances stratégiques, ainsi que les stratégies des laboratoires pharmaceutiques face à l'émergence des médicaments génériques.et de manière secondaire sur le médicament de sa création à sa commercialisation ; ainsi que la bataille des médicaments génériques en Algérie.les résultats obtenus attestent que les multinationales sont radins dans leurs transfert de technologie ,en plus de la présence de lobbies des médicaments en Algérie qui déstabilisent la production locale.

Abdalla Ibrahim Abdalla , Elnair Mubarak Mohamed Gism Elseed, Magda Elhadi Ahmed

كلية الطب-جامعة الجزيرة · السودان

Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the trachoma is type, a chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the eye mucosa. This is a result of poor environmental health. The deterioration of the health of the environment plays a major role in the transmission and spread of the disease. Health education is the cornerstone of the disease. Changing many concepts related to behavior and based on the involvement of students at early age in the treatment of health and social issues in the community related to environmental health, this study was conducted re and post prospective intervention study in the schools of Abdul Rahman Al-Najomi (girls) and Omar bin Alas (Benin) A central dam and a central unit The aim of the study was to raise awareness of the health of schoolchildren and families against trachoma. The data was collected by means of a pre and post questionnaire for 181 students and students in grades 4, 5 and 6 through the health survey. Health Center Records,. The lectures, seminars and the distribution of the books pamphlet , posters were intervened The results of the study showed significant changes in the knowledge and behavior of pupils and families. The study showed important results, the most important of which was the increase in the knowledge of the disease from 15 To 85% and to increase the knowledge of ways of transmission of the disease from 20% to 80% and knowledge of vectors from 5% to 95% and complications of the disease from 10% to 96% and personal health care from 30% to 99% Also The recommendations of the study raise health awareness to cover all aspects of public and personal health, as well as those who are responsible for the provision of safe drinking water and help the families to create latrines and re-planning of the area, which ensures the flow of services.

الطاهر اعمارة الأدغم, سليم حمي

معهد العلوم الإسلامية-جامعة الشهيد حمة لخضر - الوادي · الجزائر

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة الجمعيات الخيرية و دورها الدعوي وما وصلت اليه الدعوة من خلالها. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي كما تم اختيار العينة العشوائية قوامها (200) مفردة من مجتمع الدراسة بولاية الوادي في الفترة الممتدة من 11 أفريل الى غاية 27 أفريل 2017م و كانت أداة الدراسة عبارة عن مقابلة و استبانة مكونة من (05) أسئلة رئيسية تفرعت عنها أسئلة ثانوية, وقد توصلت في الأخير الى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها:- الوسائل الدعوية الأكثر استعمالا هي القوافل الدعوية و تنظيم المؤتمرات و اللقاءات العلمية.- الاساليب الدعوية البارزة كانت في أسلوب القدوة الحسنة و الحكمة.- أبرز المعوقات التي تواجه القائمين بالدعوة كانت في ضعف الامكانات المادية و ضعف كفاءة الدعاة المنتسبين لها

حسـين حريجـة غالي الحسـناوي, زهـراء جمـال صبري أبو شكير

كلية الادارة والاقتصاد-جامعة كربلاء · العراق

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تحديد دور الاستقامة التنظيمية كمتغير معدل في تعزيز تأثير اخلاقيات العمل في الحد من الاستنزاف الشعوري للعاملين على وفق اراء عينة من الملاكات التدريسية في منظمات التعليم التربوي في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة . و قد جرى قياس أخلاقيات العمل استناداً الى أنموذج (ابراهيم،2010 ) المتكون من أربعة أبعاد هي (اخلاقيات الأنشطة ،اخلاقيات الفرد، اخلاقيات القيادة،اخلاقيات البنى التنظيمية)، وجرى قياس متغير الاستقامة التنظيمية استناداً الى أنموذج (Cameron et al. , 2004) المؤلف من خمسة أبعاد هي (التفاؤل التنظيمي ، الثقة التنظيمية، التعاطف التنظيمي، النزاهة التنظيمية ،المغفرة التنظيمية )، وجرى ، فيما تم اعتماد أنموذج (Demerouti et al. ,2010) لقياس الاستنزاف الشعوري وهو متغير احادي البعد . و قد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بصورة رئيسة في عرض معلومات البحث وتحليلها وتفسيرها, كما استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة في جمع بيانات ومعلومات افراد عينة البحث ، اذ جرى توزيع (210) استبانة على الملاكات التدريسية في المدارس عينة البحث .

مبروك غضبان, ميلود ذبيح

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة باتنة 1 - الحاج لخضر · الجزائر

حيدر حكيم فؤيد, عامر زغير محيسن

كلية القانون-جامعة ميسان · العراق

صادق عبدالله المغلس, محمد الأعرج

كلية العلوم القانونية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية -جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبدالله - فاس-جامعة سيدي محمد بن عبدالله - فاس · المغرب