أحمد حسن حامد, أيمن عبد الفتاح عبد الهادي أسعد

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This research deals by means of study and analysis the grammatical efforts of one of the most famous grammarians of Alkufa school.He took over his teacher Alkissaei to complete the formation of this school. This grammarian is called Abu Zakariya Yahya Ben Ziyad Al Ferra`a Al Daylami.Previous researches and thesis concentrated very much on the bright side, of the lives of the ancient, whereas the less famous aspect, whose importance shrank by the great fame of the bright side, was neglected. But this study can be considered as a good step in the study of the ancients. The study of Al Farra`s grammatical effort was a good beginning for the future studies for some Arab figures in phonology, semantics, syntax and style.To acomplish this aim I have tried to cover the subject from all its sides. So I collected all the material that is related to Al Farr`a in both ancient and modern books - I have analysed this material, divided it and put it in index. Some times I compared Al Farra`s opinions with others. In the introduction of this study I dealt with the cause and objective of the study, its importance, his previous studies and the methodology. In the preface I dealt with the life of Al Farr`a, his birth and background, the resources of his knowledge and other scientists, caliphates, political parties and readings. I talked about his students, his books, the opinion of other scientists and finally his death .The first chapter bears the title "The Resource of Al Ferra`s Morphology". I have found that these resources include the Glorious Quran and its reading.The prophet`s teaching, Arab saying and poetry. The second chapter is "Morphology'. Here, I studied Morphology on which Al Farra" opposed the Basra school.In chapter three. I handeld his morphological efforts which include: the definition of morphology, parts of speech, verbs, gerunds, derevation, word coin, nouns and other phono- morphological cases.The ancient headed by Al Farra` didn’t differentiate between phonology and morphology, so phonology was studied under mor phology.By this research I intended to make it an easy reference that includes the mor pholoyical efforts of Al Ferra` so that other scholars can benefit from, especiallay the beginners.It includes some worke reading and studying morphological cases.Al Farra` was the brightest and the most Kufa mor phologist because all the morphological issues and subject were included under the topic "Morphology'.

بورقعة فاطمة, شنيني عبد الرحمن

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة الجزائر 3 - إبراهيم سلطان شيبوط · الجزائر

ادريس باي عبد القادر, بن دحو أحمد

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

Asha Elizabeth Thomas, Bassam Abu-Hijleh

كلية الهندسة وتكنولوجيا المعلومات-الجامعة البريطانية في دبي · الامارات

‘Greening’ is a concept associated with sustainable design worldwide. When this is applied to the context of a hot climate zone of Dubai, it becomes a challenge to ‘Green the desert’ considering the limited resources of water. The benefits of landscape are manifold, in all aspects of sustainable design. The environmental aspects include temperature reduction, mitigation of urban heat island effect, optimal micro- climatic conditions for better outdoor thermal comfort and enables bio-diversity. Better quality of life and healthier lifestyles of the residents contribute to the social benefits of having these green open areas. This also makes economic sense when the energy consumption is reduced due to the shading provided by the vegetation on the buildingsurfaces.

Lynda Deghal, D Benabdelmoumene

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

His study was designed for the determination of micro-constituents (phenolic compounds, lycopene) of tomato and peel and dried grains powdered and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. In our experiment: the first part consists of the physicochemical analysis on the powder obtained based on grains and tomato and peel and the pulp, in order to determine their physicochemical properties (water content, pH, acidity, ash ..) the second part is the determination of the phenolic compounds such as the total polyphenols with the folinical reagent using gallic acid as standard, as well as flavonoids and lycopene and compare these contents between these three samples, the latter present appreciable levels of lycopene with 211.28 μg / 100 for peel and 141.88 μg / 100 g for fruit, and levels of 1.657 mg EAG / g MS and 2.976 mgEAG / gMS total polyphenols. The grains present the lowest amount of phenolic compounds.Our work also consists of the study of the antioxidant power. The anti-radical activity of the phenolic compounds contained in the prepared extracts was evaluated by the measurement of their ability to trap the free radical DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl). ). Its dark purple color turns yellow when it is reduced.This test has shown that these phenolic extracts have a good antioxidant power (peel and the pulp). In addition, it reveals that the powder of the skin is rich in antioxidant as well as the fruit by contribution grains. These results suggest that the use of tomato byproducts that are rich in antioxidant would better protect humans from free radicals responsible for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.

Awad El Kareem El Mubarak Ibrahim, Mukhtar Ahmed Mustafa

جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

In order to study the spatial variability of some soil properties of the Suleimi series which constitute approximately 90% of the cracking clays of the Gezira which is considered to be the main irrigated agricultural scheme in Sudan. Approximately 7.3 hectares plot in the G.A.R.S. at Wad Medani was selected. Five soil depths were sampled by auger along two perpendiculars transects intersecting exactly at the center. One transect passed from east to west (E-W transect) and the other from South to North (S-N transect). Each transect contain 50 sampling points, 5 meters apart. By applying the conventional (classical) statistical techniques, it was found that field capacity (FC), Permanent Wilting Point (PWP), clay content, silt content, fine sand (FS), coarse sand (CS), organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity of saturated extract (ECe), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Calcium carbonate, the coefficient of detennination (R2) of the fracture diagram were >0.8 and thus these data were considered to be normally distributed. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged between 27.9 - 1.75%. Also, few numbers of samples (1-13) are required to satisfy 15% error at 95% C. L. The residual moisture content (RMC) at E-W transect required 37 soil samples, its data partially deviated from normality (R2 = 0.5 - 0.6). The durable soil properties such as clay, PWP and silt, exhibited isotropic behaviour, while the sensitive soil properties ECe, SAR and RMC exhibited anisotropic behaviour. By applying the geostatistical techniques, data showed that out of the 109 autocorrelograms depicted by the different soil properties along the two transects 54 indicated random pattern, 35 indicated weakly structured patterns with very short range (<10 m), and 20 exhibited structured pattern with short to intermediate range (10 - 65 m). For the semivariograms 67 exhibited pure nugget and 42 showed spatial structures and were fitted to linear bounded (L/B), linear unbounded (L/U), double linear (DL) and cyclic models.

Dalila Kaabeche, Samir Abdelhamid

كلية الآداب واللغات الأجنبية-جامعة باتنة 2 - الشهيد مصطفى بن بولعيد · الجزائر

حليم سعيدي, يسرى تاج الدين

كلية الطب والصيدلة - مراكش-جامعة القاضي عياض · المغرب

Hama Hakim, Kaci Imene, Lalileche Nadir

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

D’après la recherche que nous avons menée et l’enquête effectuée sur le terrain, nous concluons que les enseignants de 3ème année de licence développent la compétence de communication orale de leurs étudiants à travers le recours à l’approche communicative en incluant entièrement ses différents principes, l’exploitation des différents outils pédagogiques tels que les supports authentiques audio(écoute d’enregistrement audio), audiovisuels(entretien d’embouche), écrits(texte argumentatif) et iconiques(images et photos) etc. La favorisation de l’expression et l’interaction orales lors des TD du module de l’oral.

رزيق عمار , عليوة سليم

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة باتنة 1 - الحاج لخضر · الجزائر