Ali AL sheikh Abdel Rahman, Ibrahim Mohammed AL Faki

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة وادي النيل · السودان

AbstractThis study aims at exploring the teachers' views on the English language monthly written tests around AL damer locality. It concentrates to discover the problems which face the teachers who deal with the monthly written tests and try to find out the solutions for that problems.The study includes five chapters: chapter one presents an introduction which contains the problem, objectives, questions, hypotheses, significance, methodology and the limits of the study. Chapter two is divided into two parts: part one discusses what has been written on testing, whereas part two displays previous studies.Chapter three presents the methodological procedure, sample and the tool which was used for data collection. Chapter four discusses both the analysis of the teachers' responses and testing hypotheses. Finally, chapter five includes the findings, recommendations and suggestions for further studies. The main findings are that, students can be tested by other devices rather than depending solely on the monthly written tests. Too frequent tests make students focus only on how to pass rather than to get top marks. In addition, the monthly written tests can reflect accurately students' weaknesses and strengths. The researcher recommends that educational technology should be exploited to promote the teaching process, in addition the monthly written tests should be reduced to three terms throughout school year. Furthermore, the curriculum designers should be more keen in selecting the materials. For further studies the researcher suggests to conduct recent means to prepare competent teachers. Also, to present an effective measures when evaluating students' performance and to exploit the information technology to learn foreign languages.بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمخلاصة البحثتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقصي آراء معلمي اللغة الإنجليزية بمدينة الدامر في قيام الاختبارات الشهرية. وهي تعنى بكشف المشاكل التي تواجه المعلمين فيما يتعلق بالاختبارات الشهرية وإيجاد الحلول لها.تتكون هذه الدراسة من خمسة فصول: أولها المقدمة والتي تحتوي على مشكلة البحث، أهدافه، أسئلته، فرضياته، أهميته، منهجيته وحدوده. الفصل الثاني ينقسم إلى جزئين هما: المفاهيم الأساسية للاختبارات والدراسات السابقة. أما الفصل الثالث يوضح منهجية البحث وعينة الدراسة والأداة التي استخدمت في جمع المعلومات. الفصل الرابع يناقش شيئين وهما: تحليل إجابات المعلمين والتحقق واختبار مدى قابلية تلك الفرضيات التي قامت عليها الدراسة.الفصل الخامس والأخير يبين النتائج، التوصيات وتقديم بعض المقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث هي يمكن تقييم الطلاب باتخاذ طرق أخرى. الاختبارات المتكررة أكثر مما ينبغي تجعل الطلاب يركزون فقط على النجاح أكثر منه على الحصول على الدرجات العليا. وكذلك الاختبارات الشهرية تعكس مواطن الضعف والقوة في مستويات الطلاب. يوصي الباحث بضرورة استغلال تكنولوجيا التعليم المتاحة لترقية أساليب التدريس. ويجب تقليل الاختبارات الشهرية على ثلاث فترات خلال العام الدراسي وكذلك يجب على مصممي مناهج اللغة الإنجليزية أن يكونوا أكثر دقةً في اختيار المادة الدراسية.ولتحديث وسائل وطرق تقويم الطلاب يقترح الباحث ضرورة طرح دراسات تساهم في تقديم وسائل حديثة لإعداد معلمين أكفاء. كما يقترح أن تعد دراسات لتقديم مقاييس فعالة لتقويم أداء الطلاب. وكذلك تقديم دراسات تقوم على استغلال تكنولوجيا المعلومات لتعلم اللغات الأجنبية.

سارة بنسلام, محمد المجاطي

كلية الطب والصيدلة - مراكش-جامعة القاضي عياض · المغرب

bentria a. djebbar, djedidi a . hakim, selloum djamel

كلية العلوم التطبيقية-جامعة قاصدى مرباح ورقلة · الجزائر

L’énergie solaire est la source d’énergie la plus prometteuse et la plus puissante parmi les énergies renouvelables. L’électricité photovoltaïque (PV) est obtenue par transformation directe de la lumière du soleil au moyen des cellules photovoltaïque.L'objectif de ce travail est d’améliorer et augmenter la conductivité électrique de silicium ce qui représente le matériau semi-conducteur le plus utilisé commercialement dans la production des cellules photovoltaïques, du fait de ses bonnes propriétés, et de son abondance naturelle.Expérimentalement nous travaillons à l’électrodéposition des métaux (Cu, Sn) et leurs alliage, et l’électro polymérisation de monomère (aniline) sur un électrode de silicium (Si), tout ça a été fait en utilisant deux déférentes méthodes électrochimiques (Voltammétrie Cyclique et Chronoampérométrie) en variant plusieurs conditions (concentration, pH et vitesse de balayage). Et enfin, nous avons caractérisé nos échantillons par impédance. Cette étude a été réalisée à l’aide d’un appareil voltalab PGZ 301.

Ruksar Salim Damji, Synan AbuQamar

كلية العلوم-جامعة الإمارات العربية المتحدة · الامارات

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), have become increasingly popular markers of choice due to its wide array of advantages in the sector of forensic investigation. It is necessary to expand genetic research into residing populations i.e., Indian and Pakistani, in the same geographic region such as in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the forensic efficiency parameters and population structure analysis of the autosomal STR loci for the most potent amplification kit (2) estimate the allele frequencies; and (3) determine the significance of increasing the number of STR loci used in forensic DNA analysis. This study focused on 23 autosomal STR loci, namely D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, CSF1PO, TPOX, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D2S441, D19S433, TH01, FGA, D22S1045, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D10S1248, D1S1656, D12S391, D2S1338, D6S1043, Penta D and Penta E which were evaluated in a total of 701 Indian and Pakistani population, living in the UAE. Blood samples were collected and the studied loci were amplified using VeriFiler™Express PCR Amplification Kit and electrophoresed using ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer. Arlequin and Powerstat software was utilized to analyze the forensic parameters and population structure analysis. A total of 248 and 298 alleles was observed in the Indian and Pakistani population, respectively. Among all studied loci, prominent results were attained from Penta E. Genetic diversity between the two populations, ranged from 70% (TPOX) to 92% (Penta E). The combined probability of power of exclusion (CPE), power of discrimination (CPD) and random match probability (CMP) in the Indian population was 0.999999991519, 0.99999999999999999999999989897 and 4.8x10-26, respectively. Whereas, the Pakistani population showed combined probability of 0.999999990719, 0.99999999999999999999999999901 and 4.4x10-26, following the same order of parameters previously mentioned. This confirms that these 23 loci are suitable for individual identification, paternity testing, kinship analysis and population diversity studies in forensic practice.

Djilali BELAIDOUNI, MARZINE Abdelkader

كلية اللغات والاداب-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

This research aims at examining the phenomenon of early school leaving, a significant societalissue that has prevailed in the Algerian educational system over recent years. This study is anattempt to investigate the problem and inspect reasons of students’ abandonment decisions fromsecondary schools and to do so, a sample from the population of early school leavers has beenused. To make sure of a fair and an equal chance for the participants of this research and tohave balanced results; 50 participants, 25 females and 25 males, finished a battery of surveythat was planned to test two of the hypotheses, in an attempt to empirically differentiate alteredfactors that may contribute to students’ decisions to leave schools early. A set of semistructured interviews were also conducted with both 15 teachers and 15 parents of the schoolleavers to gather qualitative data concerning students’ decisions to quit studying earlier and todiscover other possible factors that may play a role in student attrition that had not previouslybeen considered. Results found that classroom disengagement has no direct relationship withthe decision to quit studying early however it has a direct link with school failure, and it willlead to the decision to leave school. Possible recommendations if not to stop at least to reducethe going up of school leaving among secondary school students.

Kaltoum Ali Elfadil Ahmed, Saad Ahmed Abadi

جامعة الخرطوم · السودان

In the present investigation, four experiments were carried out to study the effects of budding time, container type and girth of rootstocks on success of budding of citrus plants.In the first experiment, the effect of time of budding on budding success of grapefruit was studied. Scions (buds) of 'Foster' grapefruit were T-budded onto sour orange rootstocks in January , March , May , July , September, and November under nursery conditions (1992/93). Success of budding was evaluated in terms of precent bud take, precent bud sprout, growth parameters and precent survival of budded plants. The results revealed that the highest success of budding was associated with budding in January and November and the poorest success of budding was observed in July. Budding in September or November resulted in higher percentages of survival of the budded plants than the other months.In the second experiment, the effect of two container types on success of budding of different citrus species was investigated under nursery conditions. Sour orange rootstocks grown in polyethylene bags (20×20×20 cm3) and clay pot (23 cm diameter) were T- budded with scions (buds) of 'Butler' sweet orange, 'Foster' grapefruit and 'Kara' mandarin. Success of budding was evaluated as mentioned in experiment No. 1. The results showed that success of budding tend to vary according to the type of container and citrus species. Higher values of budding success were associated with budded sweet orange and mandarin plants grown in clay pots compared to those grown in polyethylene bags. On the other hand, using polyethylene bags for growing budded grapefruit plants resulted in higher values of budding success than those plants grown in clay pots.In the third experiment, sour orange rootstocks were raised in polyethylene bags, clay pots and field plots and T- budded with scions of 'Butler' sweet orange, 'Foster' grapefruit and 'Kara' mandarin under field conditions. Budding success was evaluated as mentioned in experiment no.1. The results demonstrated that greater values of budding success of budded sweet orange plants were associated with clay pots than field plots and polyethylene bags. On the other hand, using field plots for growing budded grapefruit and mandarin plants resulted in greater values of budding success than clay pots and polyethylene bags.In the fourth experiment , scions (buds|) of 'Foster' grapefruit were T- budded onto sour orange rootstocks having five different grades of girth (thickness) , namely, grade I (0.50-0.64 cm) , grade II (0.65-0.79 cm) grade III(0.80-0.94 cm) , grade IV(0.95-1.09 cm) and grade V(1.10-1.50 cm)n . Success of budding was evaluated as mentioned in experiment No.1. The results showed that grade of girth of sour orange rootstocks had an influence on success of budding of grapefruit. Using girth of medium size grades II and III (0.65-0.79 cm and 0.80-0.94 cm), resulted in higher values of budding success compared to the rest of grades small size (0.50-0.64 cm) and large size (1.10-1.50 cm).

عبدالعزيز برنة, مروان بلمشرح

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة غرداية · الجزائر

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح الدور الذي يلعبه التداول الإلكتروني في تطوير سوق الأوراق المالية وتحسين آداءها،حيث تعتبر الأسواق المالية أهم سوق في الدورة الاقتصادية المحلية أو الخارجية،من أجل الإجابة على إشكالية دراستنا استعملنا المنهج الوصفي، حيثاستندنا إلى المراجع،الكتب،وصف المتغيرات في الجانب النظري، بينما الجانب التطبيقي اعتمدنا على أداة دراسة حالة من خلال،عرض وتحليل المعطيات الخاصةبالسوق المالية السعودية.حيث أثبتت النتائج المتحصل عليها في هذه الدراسة،أن استخدام الأنظمة الإلكترونية الحديثة كبديل للأنظمة التقليدية،قد أسهم في رفع حجم التداول،القيمة السوقية،عدد الأسهم بالإضافة إلى عدد الشركات المدرجة في الأسواق المالية، ويرجع ذلك إلى مساهمة التداول الإلكتروني في زيادة مستوى الشفافية والإفصاح على مستوى السوق.This study aimed to clarify the role played by electronic trading in developing the stock market and improving its performance, as financial markets are the most important market in the local or foreign economic session, and in order to answer the problem of our study we used the descriptive approach that we relied on references and books and described the variables in theoretical aspect While the applied side relied on a case study by presenting and analyzing the documents of the institution and concluding the results.Where the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the use of modern electronic systems as an alternative to traditional systems has contributed to raising the volume of trading and the market value to add to the number of companies listed in the financial markets, due to the contribution of electronic trading in increasing the level of transparency and disclosure.

Khadra Yaalaoui, Nora Lakhlef, Samira Toukali

كلية العلوم والتكنولوجيا-جامعة محمد البشير الإبراهيمي - برج بوعريريج · الجزائر

Ce travail concerne la simulation et la conception d'une une antenne patch rectangulairefonctionnant à 5,5025 GHz. Après, l'antenne simulée est utilisée pour construire des réseaux à2, 3 et 6 éléments Ensuite, nous avons simulé une antenne patch fonctionnant à 13 GHz. Et puison l’a mis en réseau à 3x3 éléments espacés. Les simulations sont faites sous le simulateurélectromagnétique HFSS

براهمي أحسن, بوخلو مسعود, بوفخذ لوناس

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة عبد الرحمان ميرة - بجاية · الجزائر

تستند التدابير العسكرية إلى عدة أسس قانونية وعملية، وهذا لإضفائها الشرعية الدوليةكذلك تقع على هذه التدابير عدة شروط يجب إستفا ؤها لتمتعها بالمشروعية الدولية، ويتم إتخاذالتدابير العسكرية من طرف عدة جهات من المجتمع الدولي، وهذا في سبيل الحفاظ على السلموالأمن الدوليين، وكذا كخطوة للحد من النزعات الدولية.بالمقابل تلقى التدابير العسكرية عدة عراقيل من شأنها أن تحد من فعاليتها، وبذلك يقع علىعاتق المجتمع الدولي واجب الإتحاد والتعاون بغرض الحد من تلك العراقيل تحقيقا لنظام عالميجديد خالٍ من الأزمات والنزاعات المختلفة

زياد طارق خضير, فاطمة ياسين محمد, محمود محمد كريم

كلية العلوم-جامعة ديالي · العراق