Mustafa ShazaliMustafa, Omer Khalaf Alla Ibrahim Ahmed

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة وادي النيل · السودان

Tayeb Salih (1929-2009) was born in a farming family in small village called karmakol located on the bend of the Nile in the Northern state. His love for English language enabled him to excel in his studies something which gave him the opportunity to study abroad. He belongs to the realism school. This study aims to analyze the clash of cultures through an indepth study of the different characters. In the second chapter the researcher writes a bout Tayeb Salih's life which is a prerequisite to the under standing of the Novel. In the third chapter the researcher analyzed this novel from a socio-political perspective so that we could build a solid ground when tackling the conflict between the South and the North.In chapter three the researcher also dedicated much space for the study of the religious dimension of the Novel.In the fourth chapter the researcher conducts an analytical study on the "influence of salih's life on the season of migration to the north as a literary work.The last chapter contains recommendations, conclusion and biography.

Hussein Rayshouni, Mahmoud Wazne

مدرسة الهندسة-الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية · لبنان

Municipal landfill leachates contain significant amounts of ammonia, which is toxic at high concentrations. It is also reported to inhibit the activity of microorganisms responsible for the biological treatment of the leachate. Ammonia could be removed from solution through struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) precipitation in the presence of magnesium and phosphate sources, which could then be used as fertilizer. This study assessed the use of dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) and hydroxyapatite (obtained from cow bone), as abundant and low-cost magnesium and phosphate sources for struvite precipitation. Batch experiment tests were conducted to investigate the effects of pH and (Mg2+:NH4+:PO43-) molar ratios on the removal efficiency of ammonia. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) was used to identify the solid phases in the residues. Using dissolved dolomite along with Na3PO4·12H2O as a phosphate source at a molar ratio of 1.25:1.0:1.25 (Mg2+:NH4+:PO43-) and a pH of 9.5 resulted in an ammonia removal efficiency of 90%. However, using dolomite calcined at 950 °C with the same phosphate source showed a significant decrease in removal efficiency to 44%, while using dolomite calcined at 750 °C (under continuous CO2 injection) resulted in a removal efficiency of 37%. In parallel experiments, hydroxyapatite obtained from cow bone was dissolved and used as the phosphate source in combination with dissolved dolomite as the magnesium source; this resulted in an ammonia removal efficiency of 94%. However, when the dissolved hydroxyapatite was used with solid dolomite, the removal efficiency dropped to 60% for dolomite calcined at 950 °C and 46% for dolomite calcined at 750 °C.

حسان عربادي, عبد الغني مغربي

كلية العلوم الاجتماعية والانسانية-جامعة الجزائر 1 - بن يوسف بن خدة · الجزائر

Demagh Rafik, Chafia Djelloul

كلية التكنولوجيا-جامعة باتنة 2 - الشهيد مصطفى بن بولعيد · الجزائر

Les observations ainsi que les expérimentations bidimensionnelles montrent que lorsquedeux tunnels parallèles doivent être creusés à une faible distance (de l’ordre du diamètre), lesinterrogations portent d’une part sur les efforts que la construction du deuxième tube induisentsur celui creusé en premier, en particulier lorsque les deux tunnels sont creusés avec un décalagedans le temps et d’autre part sur le cumul et le décalage de la cuvette transversale de tassementsdu coté du second tube.Ce travail de recherche vise la simulation numérique bidimensionnelle de l’interactionentre deux tunnels circulaires à faible profondeur dans toutes les configurations spatiales, lestunnels étant parallèles.Les comportements du sol et du revêtement dans les tunnels sont analysés pendant lesphases successives du creusement et du revêtement. L’effet tridimensionnel du creusement(proximité du front de taille) est pris en compte à l’aide du taux de déconfinement l du sol auvoisinage de l’excavation, application de la méthode convergence-confinement. Une étudeparamétrique à divers niveaux est effectuée. Elle concerne en particulier la distance entre lescentres des deux tunnels et l’ordre de creusement et de revêtement. Les simulations sonteffectuées à l’aide du code en différences finies FLAC dans un cas bidimensionnel et avec uncomportement élasto-plastique du sol

غزال عبدالرازق, هالة عمالي

كلية العلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية-جامعة محمد بوضياف - المسيلة · الجزائر

Nabila Boutira, Samia Chergui

معهد العمارة والعمران-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Awasha Bashir Elgadi, Muna A.S. Gashout

كلية الآداب-جامعة الزاوية (السابع من ابريل سابقا) · ليبيا

This study aims to explore the approaches used by English as a foreign language (EFL) university teachers teaching reading comprehension. It was carried out at the Department of English of Zawia Faculty of Education. There were two major aspects of vocabulary knowledge, breadth of vocabulary (the number of words known) and depth of vocabulary (how well one knows a word), which were correlated to each other and strongly predictive to reading comprehension. Relying on one dimension of vocabulary word breadth might cause problems at the depth level of vocabulary knowledge. Therefore, one of the challenges facing Libyan university teachers was to decide the most suitable dimension of vocabulary knowledge. Furthermore, this research emphasized reading comprehension teaching techniques at the academic level. To investigate this study, a mixed research method was applied through a questionnaire and an interview. The target sample was 49 EFL university teachers, holding similar university degree in different disciplines of the language. The questionnaire consisted of 19 MCQ items. A semi–structured interview wasalso conducted to collect data from 8 fourth semester reading comprehensionteachers. The collected data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. The results further reveal that both breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge are strongly correlated and contributed to reading comprehension. The results also show that the combination of breadth and depth is highly beneficial to improve reading comprehension. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that teachers mostly depend on the breadth/size dimension of vocabulary knowledge. The meaning of the new words is generally inferred from the context. Employing a combination of breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge by teachers, will be beneficial to deepen and broaden the horizon of learners' vocabulary repertoire and to furnish a great deal of substitute, associate and collocate words throughout a sound vocabulary knowledge teaching in reading comprehension lessons.

Abdallah Belabdlli, Nasreddine Achoui

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية والعلوم التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

L’audit comptable est une activité de contrôle des travaux comptables et des états financiers de l’entreprise industrielle. Dans ce cas, l’objectif principal est la certification du bilan et du compte de résultat à partir de trois notions fondamentales lesquelles sont la régularité, la sincérité et la fidélité des comptes annuels .Nous pouvons distinguer deux type d’audit : interne et externe. Ce dernier est composé de l’audit légal et l’audit contractuel. Le contrôle interne est l’ensemble des sécurités contribuant à prévenir et maîtriser les risques. L’audit comptable peut être examiné en fonction de la nature des objectifs stratégiques destinés à la recherche de l’efficacité et préparer à la gouvernance .L’objectif de cette recherche est d’abord d’établir la stratégie de développement dans l’entreprise industrielle avec la disponibilité d’une structure d’audit comptable, ensuite, présenter la méthodologie à suivre par l’audit comptable afin d’atteindre les objectifs stratégiques, et enfin, traiter l’audit interne pour diriger la stratégie de la firme.

Mirvat El Sibai, Zeinab S El Masri

مدرسة الآداب والعلوم-الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية · لبنان

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human cancers. It’s associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Migration and invasion of glioblastoma multiforme into critical areas of the brain is considered the main reason behind treatment failure. The process of cellular migration is a multistep process requiring a dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. The Rho family of small GTPases play a central role in regulating cancer cell motility and invasion. Here we study the role of Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, in glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. We first wanted to determine the effect of Cdc42 on 2D motility in glioblastoma cells. Using siRNA against Cdc42 showed that Cdc42 positively regulates cell migration. We next wanted to see the mechanism by which Cdc42 regulates cell motility. Our data showed that Cdc42 decreases cell adhesion by downregulating RhoA and Rac1. Previous work from our laboratory correlated the persistent activation of RhoA through the knock down of StarD13 (a GAP for RhoA) with an inhibition of cell motility. This could be the mimicked here in the Cdc42 knock down phenotype and its effect on motility. We also investigated the role of Cdc42 in cell invasion. Our results showed that Cdc42 is essential for the formation of invadopodia, the actin rich structures necessary for the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Hence, Cdc42 might also enhance the invasiveness of glioblastoma cells.

Sarah Kamal Hamid Mohamed, Ahmed Khalil Ahmed

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا · السودان

This study was conducted to determine nutritive valuale of moringa olieferaplant (leaves and hulls) when used in the synthesis of diets concentrates andprecisely know digestive coefficient of diets containing as plant moringasource of protein primarily instead of groundnut cake in as a source of proteinin intensive traditional diets. Namely: Moringa 22% ration (T1); and theycontain; moringa leaves 22%, moringa hulls 15%, wheat bran 24%, sorghum10%, groundnut hulls 15%, groundnut cake 5%, molasses 12%, limestone 1%,salt 1%. Moringa 25% ration (T2); and they contain; moringa leaves 25%,moringa hulls 15%, wheat bran 24%, sorghum 9%, groundnut hulls 10%,groundnut cake 4%, molasses 11%, limestone 1%, salt 1%. compared to thesediets in terms of the level of digestive coefficient with a ration-free moringathe control ration (T) which consisted of: wheat bran 24.5%, sorghum 26%,groundnut hulls 17%, groundnut cake 12%, molasses 18%, limestone 1%, salt1%.The coefficient tracts of three diets account (T, T1, T2) in laboratory usinga method digestion in the lab ;( which is the way it is to provide anenvironment similar to digestion in the rumen animal laboratory). The resultswere obtained after digestion of the three diets in the laboratory as werefollows: Control rations (T): digestive higher coefficient of (83.38%).Moringa 22% ration (T1): after the control diet digestive factor of(81.54%).Moringa 25% ration (T2): they were less digestive coefficient of(77.52%).