إلهام عبدالواحد ناجي, زينب فاضل مرجان

كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية-جامعة بابل · العراق

أحمد فهيم جبر , غسان الحلو, سليمان محمد كمال أحمد فطاير

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

This Study investigated the effectiveness level of history teachers in the secondary stage at the northern Governorates Directorates of Education from the point of view of headmasters and history teachers. It examined the difference between the headmaster’s Rating of the effectiveness of the teacher of history and the teacher’s Rating of his effectiveness. It also studied the effect of educational qualification, sex and years of experience on the effectiveness of history teacher. The research specifically attempted to give answers to the following questions:1.What is the effectiveness level of the secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates governmental schools from the point of view of headmasters?2.What is the effectiveness level of the secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates’ governmental schools from the point of view of the teachers.3.Are there differences in the effectiveness Rating ofthe secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates governmental schools that are ascribed to work variable,4.Are there differences in the effectiveness of the secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates governmental schools that are ascribed to the teacher’s educational qualification.5.Are there differences in the effectiveness of the secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates governmental schools that are ascribed to the teacher’s sex.6.Are there differences in the effectiveness of the secondary stage history teachers at the Northern Governorates’ governmental schools that are ascribed to the teacher’s years of experience. The sample surveyed in this research covers 142 headmasters and teachers. It was chosen in accordance with regular random classification and consisted of 45% of the whole population of the Northern Governorates (Nablus, Jenin, Salfit, Tulkarm and Qalqilyah).This research was done in the second term of the scholastic year (1997- 1998). The tool for this research was the assessment instrument of the teacher effectiveness which had been initiated and developed by Ahmad Al Qasir of the University of Jordan (1989).To confirm the validity of the above instrument was referred to nine doctorate-holder lecturers at Najah National University / Department of Education to act as referees. Their replies, which were analyzed, unanimously confirmed that the above instrument was valid for assessment in the above study. Alpha Chionbach was calculated for the reliability of the instrument. lt was 0.84. The following results were obtained:1. Teacher’s effectiveness at the secondary stage as viewed by headmasters was moderate (3.37).2.Teacher’s effectiveness at the secondary stage as viewed by the teachers themselves was relatively high (3.57).3.The study demonstrated that there were significant differences at (α= 0.05) between the headmaster’s assessment of the teacher’s effectiveness and the teacher’s assessment of himself. This was in favour of the teacher’s assessment.4.There was no significant difference (α= 0.05) concerning the 1-Y assessment of the effectiveness of secondary stage history teacher due to teacher’s educational qualification.5.There was no significant difference at (α= 0.05) concerning the assessment of the effectiveness of the secondary stage history teacher due to sex.6. There was no significant difference (α= 0.05) concerning the assessment of the effectiveness of the secondary stage history teacher due to teacher’s years of experience. ln the light of the results of this study, the researcher recommends thc following:1. Improving the teacher’s position morally and financially contributes to his psychological stability and enhances his effectiveness.2. Holding courses and workshops to educate unqualified teachers during their service to enable them to increase their vocational efficiency.3. Qualifying headmasters and supervisors with regard to modern methods and standards so that they can assess the teacher.4. Strengthening the relations between school and local community through visits and participation on various occasions.5. Starting new studies regarding the assessment of the effectiveness of secondary stage history teachers in other governorates.

حافظ بن صالح, عربية صالح

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية - تونس-جامعة تونس المنار · تونس

BENCHERIF K , boudelal mahmoud

كلية العلوم الطبيعية والحياة، علوم الأرض والكون-جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد - تلمسان · الجزائر

Miloud Halbouche, Mustapha Mazouz

كلية علوم الطبيعة والحياة-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

علاء إسلام بوحميدة , محمد مصطفى زرباني

كلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسية-جامعة غرداية · الجزائر

الترقية العقارية تتمثل في وجود جهاز يقوم بانجاز بناءات قد تكون للسكن أو لممارسة المهن و الحرف، وعليه فان الذي يقوم بإبرام عقود في هذا إطار سواء كانت عقد بيع أو إيجار فان هدا الشخص يعتبر متعامل في الترقية العقارية أو مرقي عقاري مثل ما جاء في القانون الجديد، وقد يكون شخصا اعتباريا أو طبيعيا يقوم بعمليات الانجاز لدا منحت الفرصة للخواص إلى جانب القطاع العام للمشاركة في مثل هذه العمليات بعدما كانت الدولة المحتكر الأول لهذا النشاط و هذا ما تثبت التوجه الجديد للدولة، وقد تعددت أشكال تدخل المتعامل في الترقية العقارية كما قد يكون هذا المتعامل شخصا معنويا وقد اعتمد على القضاء و الفقه من أجل تعريف متعامل بالترقية العارية وهذا ما يستدعي البحث في تطور مفهوم الترقية العقارية و المرقي العقاري وفح المجال للشخص الطبيعي والمعنوي وإشكال تدخله في انجاز عمليات الترقية العقارية .

علي فلاح محمد

الجامعة التكنولوجية · العراق

F. Z. Reguieg, N. Benblidia, Soumia Belhadi

كلية العلوم الهندسية-جامعة سعد دحلب - البليدة · الجزائر

Le cadre général dans lequel s’inscrit ce projet est le traitement automatique des images d’angiographie rétiniennes et son application au diagnostic de la rétinopathie diabétique, particulièrement le dépistage de cette maladie.La rétinopathie diabétique est une pathologie oculaire qui ne peut pas être guérie ; mais ses complications, qui sont la raison de mal voyance et cécité, peuvent être prévenues par un traitement adapté et appliqué dans un stade asymptomatique. Le développement récent des techniques d’imagerie vasculaire et de l’informatique a permis la mise en oeuvre de systèmes ayant pour but d’aider le clinicien dans sa pratique courante à dépister et quantifier les pathologies des vaisseaux.Au cours de ce projet, notre travail est articulé principalement autour de deux axes de recherche :􀁸 La quantification des paramètres de forme des vaisseaux rétiniens :L’extraction automatique des vaisseaux rétiniens et la détermination de leurs paramètres de formes, notamment le diamètre et l’excentricité permet de fournir des données quantitatives sur l‘état de la rétine. Un tel système a l’avantage d’aider les spécialistes à établir un diagnostic plus précis et plus précoce de la rétinopathie diabétique.􀁸 La détection des structures pathologiques précoces liées à la rétinopathie diabétique :La détection automatique des microanévrismes, premier signe pathognomonique de la rétinopathie diabétique, s’articule sur un système de reconnaissance. D’abord des régions candidates sont extraites par un traitement morphologique approprié. La validation des microanévrismes est réalisée grâce à une classification supervisée.

Chahira Blanchet, Mohamed Yacine Maassem

كلية الآداب واللغات-جامعة 8 ماي 1945 قالمة · الجزائر

This study investigates the role of interest groups and political lobbying in shaping U.S. domestic policy during Barack Obama’s presidency (2009–2016). Despite Obama’s campaign rhetoric against lobbyists and his administration’s efforts to curb their influence through executive orders and regulatory reforms, lobbying persisted as a powerful force in American politics. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research examines lobbying strategies and campaign finance patterns across key policy areas, including healthcare, financial regulation, climate change,education, and immigration. Special attention is given to the transformative impact of judicial decisions such as Citizens United v. FEC (2010), which redefined the legal framework of political spending. The study demonstrates how interest groups adapted to new regulatory landscapes, employing both direct and indirect strategies to maintain influence over legislation and policy making. Findings reveal enduring tensions between public policy objectives and private interests, underscoring the structural limits of executive action in restraining entrenched lobbying practices. Ultimately, the current work argues that lobbying remains a constitutionally protected but deeply contested feature of American democracy. Effective regulation, therefore,requires continuous institutional reform to balance democratic accountability with the competing pressures of organized interests.

Firas Tuffaha, مصطفى وائل النجار

كلية تصاميم البيئة-جامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن · السعودية

Ready Mix Concrete Batch plants play a vital role in the construction industry's success. Batch plants have the following as their primary resources: mixers, pumps, and theproduction facility. Orders are received at the production facility with various types andquantities, and these orders have to be delivered on time to the pertaining customerswith the required quantities. In this work, a real case ready mix concrete batch plant isconsidered. The batch plant is located in the eastern province and it is supposed to servecustomers within 50 km away from its current location. The investigated batch plant had somedeficiencies regarding meeting customer requirements. We used Any logic (PLE) to simulatethe batch plant performance, and the results indicated that one of the main resources of thebatch plant is over-utilized. In particular, with four pumps being used, the pumps utilizationrate was 95%, which hindered the plant from being able to serve other customers. And hence,the plant capacity was impacted. To overcome this issue, an additional pump was added. Andthe plant performance was simulated again. The results indicate that the batch plant capacityhas improved while maintaining all resource utilization rates within acceptable limits.