غسان عبد الحفيظ محمد حمدان, محمد علي الصليبي

كلية الدراسات العليا-جامعة النجاح الوطنية · فلسطين

There is nobody in the Islamic regime who is away form responsibility starting with the head of the Islamic state who constitutes the utmost authority to the very least member. Thus every one in the Islamic state is quite responsible for his deeds or sayings in the presence of Allah, praise and glory be to Him, besides being responsible in this world towards the community in which he lives.Islamic regime does not give the head of state a special status that relives him of taking heed and of being monitored by the members of the Islamic state. He is no more than a member whom the nation elected to be a representative and to supervise its affairs. Moreover, he is committed to do so in accordance with Islamic rules since justice can never be realized unless every person is responsible for all his behavior including the head of the state. So he must be questioned and monitored if he does not follow any of the Islamic rules. In Koran. Islamic rules are quite general and true of every member of the Islamic state being young or old, a ruler or ruled. Thus every one who commits any tend of guilty is questioned even though he is the head of the state.He won't be able to be above low or pretend that Islamic rules are not tree of him. All the people, according to Islamic teachings, are equal and the only superiority amongst them is due to faith fullness.Thus if the head of the state commits a guilty that deserves any kind of punishment, then resold be questioned and the Islamic nation has to question him. In such a case, he is punished in accordance with current situations.The head of the Islamic state is responsible for it’s administration and the relationship with other nations in accordance with Islamic rules. He is also responsible for signing agreements and truces and to run out the Islamic state due to Islamic teachings. He should also be particular about spreading out to Islamic teachings. The should also be particular about spreading out Islam amongst other nations.As for interior policy and its administration, the head of the stat has to appoint officers and assistants and to make sure that they are honest and faithful. He should also engage each man in the proper position and not give any job due to any other considerations such as kinship, friendship or any interest. Moreover, he is quite responsible for mistakes committed by other officers if he did not pay special attention to that.The head of the state is also responsible for his own civil behavior including his agreements. Donations and spoiling. He is quite free to make any kind of agreement for himself which has nothing to o with his position as a head of the Islamic state. So he is quite free to do any kind of business with in his own properties such as selling, renting, pawning, or donating or any kind of lea gal contracts.As for public properties of the state, the head of the Islamic state is bound to dispose of them due to the supreme welfare that policy of the state implies. If he spends or donates any of the public properties or money in rain, he will be subject to be questioned for that.Thus it seems quite apparent that the head of the Islamic state holds on over all responsibility by being an average member of the Islamic stat on one hold and by being the head of the state on the other. His position does relieve him from being questioned or even punished in case of committing any kind of mistake in administration.

حمزة حمزة, عبدالحميد ابو بكر

كلية الشريعة-جامعة دمشق · سوريا

Anas Khaled Mayya, Fatimah El Jamil

كلية العلوم والأداب-الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت · لبنان

Attitudes towards suicide vary according to individual characteristics and contextual factors. There is little literature on whether negative attitudes towards suicide also reflect a concern for those who are close to the suicidal person. Additionally, no known study has explored whether attitudes vary according to which suicidal stage is being considered, whether ideation or intent.This study investigated attitudes towards suicide using a vignette-based measure. The vignette presents a middle-aged married person X who suffers from a chronic mental illness and contemplates then decides to end his/her life. The sample had more accepting attitudes towards suicidal ideation than towards suicidal intent. Only religiosity and depression emerged as consistent predictors of attitudes. Individualism was a predictor for attitudes towards suicidal ideation only and no effect was found for spousal acceptance or lack thereof on attitudes towards suicide.Results also indicated more accepting attitudes towards suicidal ideation but not towards suicidal behavior.

Fatiha Guenfoud , Mohammed Laabassi

كلية علوم المادة-جامعة باتنة 1 - الحاج لخضر · الجزائر

أسماء العلانوي, بدر الدين لميموني

كلية الطب والصيدلة-جامعة محمد الخامس بالرباط · المغرب

La maladie dermatophytique est une dermatophytose chronique rare individualisée à la fin des années 1940 par Hadida et Schousboe. C'est une infection fongique provoquée par des dermatophytes et décrite essentiellement dans les pays du Maghreb avec une présentation familiale et une forte consanguinité qui font supposer une transmission autosomique récessive de l'affection. Le but de notre travail est de déterminer les particularités épidémiologiques, cliniques, immunologiques, mycologiques, thérapeutiques, et évolutives de la maladie. C'est une étude rétrospective, réalisée à partir des observations des cas de maladie dermatophytique publiées dans la littérature. Jusqu'à présent, 64 cas ont été rapportés dans le monde. Cette affection touche essentiellement les sujets de sexe masculin, et les premiers signes surviennent généralement à l'enfance (11 ans en moyenne), sous forme de teigne du cuir chevelu (51,70 %), une atteinte de la peau glabre (41,40 %) ou rarement un onyxis, et évolue longtemps sous forme d'une dermatophytie superficielle avant d'atteindre le derme et l'hypoderme, voire même les ganglions et les viscères. le diagnostic positif, souvent tardif, est posé cliniquement et confirmé par la mycologie. Les explorations immunologiques ont montré un déficit immunitaire cellulaire responsable d'une tolérance vis-à-vis des dermatophytes en cause. Un défaut en gène CARD 9 a été également rapporté. Le traitement de la maladie dermatophytique est difficile, marqué par de nombreux échecs. Plusieurs moyens thérapeutiques ont été essayé (Griséofulvine, azolés, immunostimulants, chirurgie) avec des résultats remarquables, mais insuffisants. Une meilleure acquisition du type de déficit immunitaire et des derniers antifongiques est nécessaire pour améliorer le pronostic jugé obscure de cette pathologie.

Madhavi Indraganti, Khalida Lifam Abdul Razak Marthya

كلية الهندسة-جامعة قطر · قطر

Urban parks unite communities and enhance livability. Spatial distribution of parks, however, does not always adhere to people's needs. Using the established and new methodologies, this paper identifies the green park distribution pattern in Greater Doha, Qatar using two approaches, (a) using walkable service areas to highlight zones underserved by parks, and (b) identifying park need zones using variables such as population density, housing type and population subgroup. Walkability levels in selected park service areas are assessed using audits. Results show that about 22% of the zones, majorly housing the expatriates and low-wage migrants in Doha municipality are underserved by parks. Need based analysis shows actual park need both in Doha and suburbs. Walkability analysis highlights lack of street-level policy regulations that confound pedestrian access. Findings provide insight into drafting policies on planning parks based on the need to ensure equitable access to different demographic sections

راغب الغصين , علي جمال الدين

المعهد العالي لإدارة الأعمال · سوريا

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية لإعادة هيكلة إدارية وفنية لمعمل كونسروة (دراسة عملية على شركة صباغ وشركاه للصناعات الغذائية) المنتجة لعدة أصناف من المواد الغذائية المعلبة و رب البندورة و الكتشب والإضافات الغذائية للأطعمة ، تم التعرض لخطوات دراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية و تطبيقاتها العملية مع التركيز على أهمية دراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية ودورها في صنع القرار الاستثماري الصحيح. تم تطبيق العديد من المعايير المالية في هذا البحث ، بما في ذلك فترة استرداد رأس المال وصافي القيمة الحالية والعائد على رأس المال ومعدل العائد الداخلي والحساسية المالية للمشروع ونقاط التعادل بالكمية و بالقيمة و حد الأمان و نقطة الإغلاق المؤقت بالكمية وبالقيمة. كما تمت دراسة التغير في كمية المبيعات و قيمة التكاليف المتغيرة وتأثيرها على الجدوى الاقتصادية للمشروع. أظهرت النتائج أن فترة الاسترداد كانت 8 سنوات تقريباً وهو معدل مقبول ، والعائد على رأس المال 12.64 % وهو مقبول ، ودليل الربحية 1.071 ومعدل العائد الداخلي 11.202 % ، وصافي القيمة الحالية من المشروع 726,912 $ وهي قيمة موجبة ، وبناء على ما سبق تبين أن المشروع مجدي وننصح بالاستثمار به

بن عبد الله يسرى, عابد علي

كلية العلوم الاقتصادية، التجارية وعلوم التسيير-جامعة ابن خلدون – تيارت · الجزائر

إن المؤسسات الاقتصادية تتعرض الى العديد من المشاكل خاصة في قسم الإنتاج، وذلك ما يؤدي الى تأخير في انتاج المنتجات المطلوبة، ومن بين هذه الأسباب سوء في التخطيط الاستراتيجي لطاقتها الإنتاجية وعدم استخدام أساليب تخطيط الإنتاج العلمية مثل الأساليب الكمية والنوعية.ومن خلال هذه الدراسة حاولنا اظهار دور وأهمية التخطيط الاستراتيجي في زيادة كفاءة وفعالية الطاقة الإنتاجية، باعتبارها الركيزة الأساسية لإدارة الإنتاج و العمليات و قد تم اختيار مؤسسة الصناعية ENTPL فرع سوتريفيت لتحويل المنتجات الطويلة كدراسة تطبيقية

صافي الشيخ, فاطمة الزهراء بوراس

معهد التربية البدنية والرياضية-جامعة عبد الحميد بن باديس مستغانم · الجزائر

The effect of the proposed sports recreation program on the social skills (autonomy, cooperation) of the hearing impairedThe aim of the research is to find out the effect, of the proposed sports recreation program, on the autonomy and cooperation skills of the hearing impaired, To achieve this goal, we have assumed the following scientific hypothesis: The sports recreation program positively affects autonomy and cooperation skills, and this; in order to answer the following question: : Does the proposed sports recreation program improve the autonomy and cooperation skills of hearing impaired, for this purpose we used, a sample of 20 students from the hearing impaired school; between the ages of 09 and 12 years, divided into two groups, experimental and control groups, chosen deliberately from an original community of 75 students, where we used the experimental method, and the following statistical methods: The arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the correlation coefficient, the test of validity, “T” test.After discussing the results, it was found that the proposed sport recreation program contributed to improving autonomy and cooperation skills in this sample. Finally, we came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions, most notably the use of recreational sports programs in hearing impaired schools due to its positive impact, the provision of hearing impaired schools with tools and means, as well as equipped halls and fields for the exercise of sports in hearing impaired schools--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L’influence d’un programme récréatif sportif proposé sur certaines habilités sociales (l'autonomie, coopération) sur les handicapés auditifsL’objectif de cette recherche est de reconnaitre L’influence d’un programme récréatif sportifs proposé sur l'autonomie et la coopération chez les handicapés auditifs, et Pour atteindre cet objectif, le chercheur a supposé l'hypothèse scientifique suivante: Le programme récréatif sportif influence positivement sur les habilités sociales. Et cela pour répondre à la question suivante : Le programme récréatif sportif influence-t-il dans l’amélioration de l'autonomie et la coopération chez les handicapés auditifs ?On se basant sur une étude de l’échantillon de 20 élèves de l’école des handicapés auditif leur âges varient 09 et 12 ans, divisés en deux groupes, expérimental et témoins, choisis d’une manière volontaire parmi une communauté originale de 75 élèves.Le chercheur a adopté une approche expérimentale, on se base sur un questionnaire et un programme .On utilisant les méthodes statistiques suivantes: La moyenne, l'écart type, le coefficient de corrélation, le test de student "T".Les résultats ont montré que le programme influe positivement sur certaines habilités sociales qui sont l'autonomie et la coopérationPar conséquence le chercheur recommande l’adoption du programme proposé dans les écoles des handicapés auditifs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- أثر برنامج ترويحي رياضي مقترح على بعض المهارات الاجتماعية (الإستقلالية - التعاون) لدى المعاقين سمعيا (09 - 12) سنة يهدف البحث إلى معرفة أثر البرنامج الترويحي الرياضي المقترح على مهارات الإستقلالية و التعاون عند المعاقين سمعيا، و لتحقيق هذا الهدف إفترضنا الفرض العلمي التالي : يؤثر البرنامج الترويحي الرياضي إيجابيا على مهارات الإستقلالية و التعاون و ذلك للإجابة على السؤال التالي: هل يؤثر البرنامج الترويحي الرياضي المقترح في تحسين مهارات الإستقلالية و التعاون عند المعاقين سمعيا ، و لهذا الغرض إستعنا بعينة قوامها 20 تلميذا من مدرسة المعاقين سمعيا تتراوح أعمارهم بين 09 و 12 سنة مقسمين إلى مجموعتين تجريبية و ضابطة إختيرت بطريقة عمدية من مجتمع أصلي قوامه 75 تلميذا حيث إستخدمنا المنهج التجريبي ، وتمت الإستعانة بالوسائل الإحصائية التالية : المتوسط الحسابي الإنحراف المعياري ، معامل الإرتباط ، صدق الإختبار ، معامل دلالة الفروق * ت* . وبعد مناقشة النتائج تم التوصل إلى أن البرنامج الترويحي الرياضي المقترح ساهم في تحسين مهارات الإستقلالية و التعاون عند هذه العينة و في الأخير خرجنا بمجموعة من التوصيات و الإقتراحات أهمها إستخدام البرامج الترويحية الرياضية في مدارس المعاقين سمعيا لما لهلا من الأثرالإيجابي و توفير الأدوات و الوسائل و كذا القاعات المجهزة و الميادين اللازمة لممارسة الرياضة داخل مدارس المعاقين سمعيا .

Dalia Mohammed Eltahir Eltraify, Hanan Mabrok Ramadan Mohammed , Ietimad Ibrahim AbdElrhman kambal

كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية-جامعة الجزيرة · السودان

hormonal contraceptive methods containing the hormone progestogen. It is a thin rod, about the size of a match stick made from a flexible plastic and is inserted just under the skin on the inner side of upper arm .It act to prevent pregnancy for three years. It can also be removed at anytime before this period. This descriptive study was carried out at the Family Planning Center in Soba University Hospital at Khartoum State, Sudan aiming at assessing of Counseling Program about Implanon as Family Planning Method among Women’s Knowledge on Family Planning Center at Soba University Hospital to identify knowledge of the women about implanon as a contraceptive method, and also to implement a counseling program for these women about Implanon and also to evaluate the effect of this counseling program after intervention. The sample size consisted of 50 available women attending the Family Planning Center during the study period (March - July 2013). The primary data were collected by using a questionnaire designed for the study while secondary data were obtained from references, books and from different Internet websites. The collected primary data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that all of respondents heard about Implanon, after implementing the counseling program, their knowledge about description of Implanon increased from 68% to 100%, planted place from 92% to 100%, time of insertion from10% to 96%, route of insertion from 56%to100%, duration of effectiveness in contraception from 80% to98% ,also their knowledge about Implanon components increased from 6% to 100%, mode of insertion from 26% to100%, using Implanon for breastfeeding mothers from 82% to100%. Regarding to their knowledge about side effects and contraindication, it increased from 44% to100% and from 0% to100% respectively. Also their knowledge about drug interaction increased from 2% to 100%, follow up visits from 40% to100%, time of removal from34%to100%, and return to fertility after removal from 26% to 100%. After the intervention, the mean score of the knowledge increased by 8.28 scores. This difference was significant in terms of awareness (P < 0.001). The study concluded counseling program is highly effective in increasing knowledge about Implanon for women under study. The study recommended activating the role of primary health care in the field of family planning and introducing Implanon within its system, training the health care providers about counseling and all issues concerning Implanon, holding counseling classes using various training aids such as educational films, slides and power point in the Family Planning Center and populated neighborhoods and support women’s knowledge by giving them leaflets about Implanon.