دراسة تحليلية لأهم العوامل المحددة لفلة محصول القمح الحبيبية فى المنطقة الجنوبية واعتماد النهج البيئي للإنتاج فى تحليل الفجوة الإنتاجية

الموضوعات

زراعة

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

fbcfc8dd-e584-44a5-a9a2-6542ec7b9081

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل دكتوراة

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

1958320_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

Analytical Study of the most Important Factors Ceiling Wheat Crop Yield in the Southern Region of Syria, Using the Production Ecological Approach for Yield Gap Analysis

ألقاب المؤلفين

[{"name_ar":"ايمن الشحاذة العودة","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"},{"name_ar":"حسين المحاسنة","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"},{"name_ar":"غادة ضامن جنود","title_ar":"اعداد","title_en":"Preparation"}]

اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

دراسة تحليلية لأهم العوامل المحددة لفلة محصول القمح الحبيبية فى المنطقة الجنوبية واعتماد النهج البيئي للإنتاج فى تحليل الفجوة الإنتاجية

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

A field experiment was conducted in Jeleen and Izra’a Research Stations, Dara,a province, Syria, during tow consecutive growing seasons (2010/2011-2011/2012), in order to evaluate the role of some agricultural practices in improving the performance of four wheat varieties, two bread varieties (Douma2and Douma4) and two durum ones (Douma1and Douma3) under rainfed conditions. The experiment was laid according to split-split factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications for each treatment. The decline in rainfall during the second drier growing season, at late very delayed planting date (15/1), in control treatment (without nitrogenfirtelizer) and when the nitrogen fertilizers were added at three splits, caused significant decrease in all the investigated traits for all the studied wheatvarieties in both the locations compared with the first less drier growing season, very early planting date (25/11), nitrogen fertilizer rate (200 kg N. ha-1) and when it was applied in two splits for all the studied traits and varieties in both the locations (Jeleen and Izra’a).Plant height was significantly higher during the first growing seasonat the early planting date, with the nitrogen fertilizers were added at the rate of 200 kg N. ha-1in two splits, for the wheatvarietyDouma4inJeleen Research Stationand for the two varieties Douma1and Douma2inIzra’aStation (96 cm in Jeleen; 83.8, 83.0cm inIzra’arespectively),while it was significantly lower during the second growing season, for the variety Douma1, when the planting date was very late,wthiout nitrogen firtelizer in the tow locations (52.5, 43.1cmrespectively).ThePeduncle length was significantly higher during the first growing seasonfor the wheatvarietyDouma4, at the early planting date, for the two nitrogen rates (200, 150 kg N. ha1-) and when nitrogen fertilizers were applied in two splits in Jeleen location and for the tow nitrogen rates (150, 200 kg N. ha1-) with same previous factors inIzra’ a (25.8, 25.5 cm in Jeleen; 16.53, 16.00 cminIzra ’are spectively), while it was significantly lower during the second growing season very late planting date, wthiout nitrogen firtelizer and for the tow variety Douma3and Douma1in Jeleen, and for the towvariety Douma2and Douma1inIzra’a (6.83, 6.88 cm in Jeleen; 3.28, 3.83 cmin Izra’a respectively). The flag eaf areawassignificantly higher during the first growing seasonfor the wheatvarietyDouma4, early planting date, with nitrogen rate of 200 kg N. ha1-when was applied in two splits for the tow locations (Jeleen and Izra’a) (52.57, 53.4 cm2respectively),while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the variety Douma3, very late planting date, wthiout nitrogen firtelizersin the tow location(17.69, 16.6 cm2respectively). The leaf area index (LAI) was significantly higher during the first growing seasonfor the tow wheatvarietyDouma1and Douma4, for the very early planting date, with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 200 kg N. ha1-) and when it was applied in two splits for both the tow locations (1.40,1.29 in Jeleen; 1.20,1.17 in Izra’ are spectively),while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the two varieties Douma2and Douma4,very late planting date, wthiout nitrogen firte lizer for the tow locations(0.16, 0.17 in Jeleen; 0.17, 0.17 in Izra’ are spectively). The stay green was significantly higher (50 %) during the first growing season for the wheatvarietyDouma4,for the very early planting date, with nitrogen rate of 200 kg N. ha1-) and when applied in two splits for the tow locations compared with the second growing season for the tow wheat varieties Douma1and Douma2, for very late planting date and without nitrogen ferti lizer at the tow locations (20-30 %). It has been found that the Early seedling vigor was excellent(1.0-1.5) in Jeleen location, and vary good (1.6-2.5) in Izra’a during the first growing season for the wheatvarietyDouma4, for the planting date (20/12), with nitrogen rate of 200 kg N. ha1-) and when it is applied in two splits, while it was significantly lower (3.6-4.5) during the second growing season, for the very late planting date, wthiout nitrogen firte lizer for the wheatvarietyDouma4in Jeleen, and the variety Douma3inIzra’a.The leaf relative water content(RWC%) was significantly higher during the second drier growing season for the durum wheat variety doumua1at very early farming date and wthiout nitrogen firte lizer in Jelen, and with nitrogen rate (200 kg N. ha1-) and when it is applied in three splits in Izra’a(92.67, 92.3 %respectively),while it was significantly lower during the first growing season ,for the sceond planting date, wthiout nitrogen firtelizer for the wheatvarietyDouma3in Jeleen, and the variety Douma4inIzra’a(62.48, 65.8respectively). The Epiautialar Wax deposits was significantly higher for the two wheat varietiesdoumua1,doumua2at very late farming date, with nitrogen rate (200 kg N. ha1-) and when it is applied in two splits during the first growing season in Jelen, and second drier growing season in Izra’a (1.56, 1.48mg.cm-2respectively), while it was significantly lower during the first growing season for the two durum wheat varieties doumua1, doumua3at very early farming date and wthiout nitrogen firtelizer in Jelen(0.24, 0.27mg.cm-2respectively). Thise genetic variation can be attributed to the variation in the amount of waxes deposited on the leaf surface, where the wax deposits were significantly higher in the varieties douma1, and the relative water content was also significantly higher in the same varieties, indicating the relevant role of Epicuticular waxes in controlling the rate of water loss by transpiration. Water productivity was significantly higher during the first growing season in the varietyDouma4,for the early planting date, with nitrogen fertilizer rate of200 kg N. ha1-and when it was applied in two splits for the tow locations Jeleen and Izra’a (26.82, 22.01 Kg. ha-1.mm-1respectively), while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the varietyDouma1,very late planting date (15/1) and wthiout nitrogen firte lizer for the tow locations (3.66, 4.23Kg. ha-1.mm-1respectively). Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season in wheatvarietyDouma4, for the early planting date, nitrogen rate of 100 kg N. ha-1) and when nitrogen fertilizers was applied in two splits for the tow locations (74.99, 51.86respectively), while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the tow wheat variety Douma1and Douma3, for the very late planting date, with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 100 kg N. ha-1) and when nitrogen fertilizer was applied in three splits in Jeleen and Izra’a(9.21, 9.53 in Jeleen; 8.69, 9.00 in Izra’ are spectively). The heading and flowering dates were significantly higher during the second growing season in thewheatvarietyDouma1,for the early planting date, with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 100 kg N. ha1-) and when it was applied in three splits in Izra’a, and with the same variables for heading date in Jeleen location (148.3, 153.3 day in Izra’a; 148.3 day in Jeleenre spectively),while ther were significantly lower during the second growing season for the varietyDouma1,for the very late planting date (15/1) and wthiout nitrogen firte lizer in the tow locations (96.7, 92 day respectively).The Maturity date was significantly higher during the first growing season in the tow durum wheatvarietiesDouma1 and Douma3, for the early planting date, for all nitrogen firtelizerrates in the tow locations (218, 217 day respectively),while it was significantly lower during the second growing season for the tow bread wheat varietiesDouma2and Douma4,for the very late planting date (15/1), for all nitrogen firte lizer ratesin the tow locations (141, 133 daysre spectively).It has been found that the biological yield, number of spikes. m2, Number of grain per meter2andGrain yield were significantly higher during the first growing season in thewheatvarietyDouma4,at the first planting date, with nitrogen avarg (200 kgN. Hectar1-) and when nitrogen fertilizers were applied in tow splits in Jeleen and Izra’a(3.809 kg. m-2, 566.7spike. m-2, 310667 grain. m-2, 1052.3 g. m-2in jeleen; 2.996 kg. m-2, 442.2 spike. m-2, 23988.9 grain. m-2, 660.4 g. m-2inIzra’arespectively),while these traits were significantly lower during the second growing season for the varietyDouma1,for the very late planting date (15/1) and wthiout nitrogen firtelizer in the tow locations(0.432 kg. m-2, 133.3 spike. m-2, 5788.9 grain. m-2, 143.3 g. m-2in jeleen; 0.436 kg. m-2, 144.4 spike. m-2, 4755.6 grain. m-2, 127 g. m-2inIzra’arespectively).1000-kernel weight was significantly higher during the first growing season in thewheatvarietyDouma1,for the early planting date and tow nitrogen fertilizer rates (200, 150 kg N. ha1-) and when applied in tow splits in Jeleen (54.23, 52.25 g respectively), while it was significantly lower during the drier second growing season, for the very late planting date (15/1), nitrogen rate of 200 kg N. ha1-and when nitrogen fertilizer was applied in tow splits for the varietyDouma1 in Jeleen and Douma4 in Izra’a(23.43, 23.42 g respectively). The harvest index was significantly higher during the first growing season, for the early planting date, with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 200 kg N. ha1-) and when it was applied in tow splits for the tow wheatvarietisDouma4 and Douma3 in Jeleen and the two varieties Douma1, Douma3 in Izra’a (0.37, 0.36 % in Jeleen; 0.37, 0.36 % in Izra’a respectively). The grain protein content was significantly higher in Jeleen location,in the durum wheat varietydouma3,at the very late planting date and without nitrogen firtel izer(17.90 %), while it was significantly lowe rin Jeleen location,for durum wheat varietydouma3,at the early planting date (15/1), with nitrogen firte lizer rate of 150 kg N. ha1-and when nitrogen fertilizer was applied in tow splits (8.90%).The grain starch content was significantly higher in Jeleen location,for the tow wheat varietiesDouma2 and Douma4at early planting date, with nitrogen firte lizer rate of 200 kg N. ha1-and when the nitrogen fertilizer was applied in tow splits (68.60, 67.90%respectively), while it was significantly lower in Izra’a location,for the tow durum wheat varietiesDouma1 and Douma3at very late planting date (15/1), with nitrogen firte lizer rate of 200 kg N. ha1-and when applied in tow splits (61.80, 61.90%respectively). There was significant positive correlation between leaf area index (LAI) and relative water content, water productivity, and nitrogen use efficiency (r=0.371**, r=0.884**, r=0.664**respectively). Significant positive correlation occurred between leaf area index (LAI) and the total number of spikes per square meter ,number of grains per square meter, and 1000-kernel weigh(r=0.855**, r=0.848**, r=0.252**respectively). These results assure the importance of maintaining the source size under water-limited conditions to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants and dry matter synthesis and accumulation and as a consequence the total quantity of photo-assimilates available during grain formation, development and filling. There was also a very significant positive correlation between early seedling vigor and stay green 282(r=0.696**in tow location). Indicating the importance of early soil coverage to minimize the rate of water loss by direct evaporation, which will increase the rainwater use efficiency. There was significant positive correlation between flag leaf area and grain yield (r=0.776**), so maintenance of flag leaf expansion is considered as one of the relevant traits to improve wheat grain yield under dry farming system. There was a very significant positive correlation between relative water content (RWC%) and wax deposits(r=0.236**), indicating the relevance of epeticular wax deposits to reduce the rate of water loss by transpiration. There was a very significant positive correlation between the number of grains per square meter and both the grain yield and the biological yield(r=0.845**, r=0.642**respectively), indicating the importance of the number of the grain per unit land area as an important selection criterion for increasing the grain yield under water-limited conditions and the significance of biological yield at maturity as an important physiological component determining the wheat grain yield under water-limited conditions. This is assured via the significant positive correlation between grain yield and biological yield (r=0.926**). The reduction percentage in the grain yield in the absence of optimum planting date (15/11) was 13% when the planting date was delayed up to 20/12 and reached up to 46% when the planting date was delayed up to 15/1 in both the locations (Jeleen andIzra’a), So any delay in the planting date by one day from the optimum one will cause a decline in the economic yield by 1% under rainfed conditions in the southern region of Syria (Jeleen and Izra’a). The reduction in wheat grain yield in the absence of nitrogen fertilization was 20% and 30% in both Jeleen and Izra’a compared with the optimum nitrogen rate (200 Kg . ha-1) and by 3 %, 7 % respectively when the nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rate of 100 kg N. ha1-, and the reduction in the grain yield was just 3% and 7% at the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 150 kg N. ha1. The reduction in the grain yield in both 283Jeleen and Izra;a was 14% and 13% respectively when nitrogen fertilizers were applied in three splits compared to two splits. The results indicate the importance of optimization of the different cultural practices to achieve a remarkable increase in wheat grain yield under rainfed conditions

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

ايمن الشحاذة العودة, حسين المحاسنة

الإعداد

غادة ضامن جنود

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية