السلوك الفيزيائي والكيميائي لخليط من خوافض التوتر السطحي اللاأيونيه

الموضوعات

علوم بحتة وطبيعية

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

f4d91df0-c827-4a67-8ceb-a22438fe0365

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

1696590_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

Physicochemical Behavior of Mixed Nonionic Surfactant Systems

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

السلوك الفيزيائي والكيميائي لخليط من خوافض التوتر السطحي اللاأيونيه

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

This study aimsto examine the effect of temperature, co-surfactant content, mixed surfactant content and oil content on the phase behavior of mixed nonionic surfactant system with vegetable oils.The systems studied are: Water/ Surfactants/ Co-surfactants/ Oil or Water/ mixed surfactants/ Oil. The surfactants used in this study aresucrose esters;sucrose monolourate (L1695) and sucrosemonostearate (S1570) beside ethoxylated mono diglycerides (EMDG) which are nonionic surfactants varying in theirstructure and hydrophilicity. The head group ofthe sucrose esters is sucrose,and the lipophilic tail is the ester of fatty acids. In the case of EMDG,the head group is the result of the ethoxylation of 20 moles of ethylene oxide per one mole of a mixture of stearate and palmitate esters of glycerin.The co-surfactants used arefood,cosmetic and pharmaceutical grade short chain alcohol (ethanol) and its substitute1,2-propandiol (propylene glycol,(PG)) which is one of the least hydrophilic simple polyols that are soluble in water but practically insoluble in the oil phase.The oils used are:R (+)-limonene, Isopropylmyristate (IPM) and caprylic-capric triglyceride (MCT). The mono terpenehydrocarbon (R (+)-limonene), the major constituent of citrus essential oils, is often used in food, cosmetic, and coating materials. R (+)-limonene is essentially insoluble in water,IPM is a straight chain oil used in many pharmaceutical formulations owingits compatibility with biological systems and is expected to be environment friendly.Medium chain triglyceride (MCT) is fully saturated and stable to oxidation and used in many foods, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. ixInthe system: Water/ L1695/ PG/ Oil, R (+)-limonene was not able to form three-phase region over all of the range of temperatures studied or mixed surfactant and co-surfactant contents when thewaterOilOil, weight ratio was constant ( ) = 50wt% only one or two-phase regionwere formed. For1695LPGPG,weight ratio ( ) =25wt% the minimum amount of surfactant and co-surfactant needed to form the one phase region is min= 50wt%and the temperature at which this one phase region was formed is 55 ̊C. This minincreases asincreases. IPM and MCT formed three-phaseregion, beside the one and two-phase regions formed. The efficiency () of the mixed surfactant and co-surfactant increases from 50 to 65wt%,as increases in the case of IPM and decreases from 60 to 45wt%as increases in the case of MCT. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) increases from 82 to 92 ̊C as increasesin the case of IPM and decreases from 91 to 87.5 ̊Cas increases in the case of MCT.In the system: Water/ S1570/ PG/ Oil, no three-phase formation with R(+)-limonene and IPM only one or two-phase region wereformed, while in the case of MCT the three-phase was formed over all of the range of studied.Using the system: Water/ EMDG/ PG/ Oil, no three-phaseformation for values ≥ 25wt% with IPM andMCT. In the case of R (+)-limonene,the three-phase is formed for values ≥ 75wt%.While in the case of the system: Water/ L1695/ EMDG/ Oil , three-phase is formed for the three oils whenvalues ≥25wt%, increases as increases in the presence of R(+)-limonene and decreases in the case of IPM orMCT. Theincreases as increases in the case of R(+)-limonene anddecreases in the case of IPM and MCT.In the system: Water/S1570/ EMDG/ Oil, no three-phase formation in the case of R(+)-limonene, only one-phase region beside the two-phase region. In xthe case of IPM,the three-phase region is formed whenvalues ≥75wt% and in MCT, the three-phaseisformed in the whole range ofstudied.In the pseudo-ternary phase behavior at constant T, the systems: Water/ L1695/ EMDG/ Oil + EtOH, were studied. The oils were R (+)-limonene and IPM, and the weight ratio of EMDGL1695was varied from 1 to 1/3, and the weight ratio of EtOHOilwas 1 in the case where EtOH was present in the system.The solubilization parameters calculated were the maximum amount of solubilized water (Wm) and total area of the one-phase region (AT). The system: Water/ L1695+ EMDG (1/1)/ EtOH + R (+)-limonene (1/1), gave the maximum amount of Wm= 100 wt% in the presence and absence of EtOH, the ATin the presence of EtOH was 74.2 % and in its absence was 61.6%.Another objective of this study is to elucidate the microstructure of the one-phase region which was formed. This was done by using electrical conductivity and self-diffusion NMR techniques. The systems studied by electrical conductivity were: Water/ L1695/ EMDG/ Oil where and (wt %), were constant equal 50 and 31 wt%, respectively. (wt %) and T were varied.The oils were R (+)-limonene and IPM. Theelectrical conductivity () of the system containing R (+)-limonene varies from 1.8 10-3S/cm at = 10 wt% to 4.7 10-6S/cm at = 90 wt%, While in the case of IPM varies from 4.26 10-3S/cmat = 10 wt% to 1.26 10-4S/cmat = 90 wt% and varies linearly with temperature.Thesystem containing IPM was investigated using self-diffusion NMR, and was found that the relative self-diffusion coefficient of water and oil varies as varies. It decreases from 0.83 to 0.1 in the case of water, and from 0.001 to 0.36 in the case of oil when values 10 and 85 wt%. xiThe hydrodynamic radius (HR) was calculated at 90 wt% water and was equal to 7.3 nm and the area (a) per polar head group was estimated at 752A.A third objective exploredin this study was the solubilization of pharmaceutical active ingredients, sodium diclofenac in model microemulsion systems studied in this work which were: Water/ L1695/ EMDG/ EtOH + Oil.The solubilization capacity in the microemulsion systems passes, through a maximum at = 61.5 wt% in the systems: water/ L1695/ EMDG/ Oilfor the two oils studied (R (+)-limonene,and IPM).In the case where ethanol is present in the system: Water/ L1695/ EMDG/ Oil+ EtOH (1/1), the maximum solubilization capacity passes through a maximum at = 23 wt%. If we suppose that ethanol is present only in the oil phase, then the where is the maximum solubilization occurs, equals 37.5 wt%.

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

منذر فنون

الإعداد

وائل ضامن السيد صلاح الدين

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية