الآثار الاقتصادية والبيئية لإستخدام المخلفات البلدية الصلبة كمصدر بديل للطاقة فى مصر

الموضوعات

اقتصاد

الملخص

هذه الدراسة عنيت بتوضيح الاثار الاقتصادية والبيئية لاستخدام المخلفات البلدية كمصدر بديل للطاقة فى مصر، وذلك لدعم اتخاذ القرارات الاستراتيجية بشأن سياسات الطاقة لتوفير مصادر بديلة للطاقة فى إطار التنمية المستدامة. Solid waste management is considered as one of the major environmentalissues of concern to all countries at the moment, where it affects the publichealth, social status as well as the related economic returns.Study problem:There are two correlated problems; the first is the improper management ofthe increasing quantities of municipal solid waste resulting from daily humanactivities and the second is the problem of meeting the demand for energy as aresult of the limited available resources from fossil fuels and lack of investmentin the field of finding alternatives of renewable energy sources

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

ebb411b4-7b5b-42bc-9104-0ad85f306450

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

1658743_1.pdf, 1658743_2.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste as an alternative Source of Energy In Egypt

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

الآثار الاقتصادية والبيئية لإستخدام المخلفات البلدية الصلبة كمصدر بديل للطاقة فى مصر

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

Solidwaste managementisconsideredas oneof the major environmental issues of concern to all countries at the moment, where it affects thepublic health, socialstatus as well as therelated economic returns.Study problem:There are two correlatedproblems;the first is theimproper management of the increasing quantities of municipal solid waste resultingfrom daily human activities andthe second is the problem of meetingthe demand for energy as a result of the limited available resources from fossil fuels and lack of investment in the field of finding alternativesof renewable energy sources.Aimof the study:Themainobjective is to elucidatethe economic and environmental impactsof utilizing municipal solid wasteas an alternative source of energyin Egyptto assist in setting strategic decisions regardingenergy policy inthecontext of sustainable development framework.This was achieved through the following sub-objectives:oClarifyingthe relationship between municipal solid waste, energy and environment.oDisplaying current situation of municipal solid waste and energy in Egypt.oPresentingsome international experiences in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste.oDisplaying some Egyptianprojects ofpower generation from municipal solid waste.oElucidatingopportunities of municipal solid waste utilization asan alternative source of electrical energyin Egyptand their economic and environmental effects. cStudy questions:1-Are there successful experiences achieved economicand environmentalfeasibility in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste?2-Is it possible for Egypt to benefit from theexperiences of some countries in the field of power generation from municipal solidwaste?3-What are the economic and environmental impacts that could be achievedfrom the application of power generation technologies from municipal solid waste in Egypt?Study approach:Descriptive analytical approach:Characterization and analysis of data and information from their various sources related to the study through relying on Arabic and foreign references,websites, previous studies Comparative approach:Displaying some countries experiences in the field of energy recovery from municipal solid waste, comparing them to local projects that utilize the municipalwaste as asource ofenergy Scope of the study:This study focuses only on the municipal solid waste in Egypt and projects of some countries in the field of power generationfrom this waste.The study was presented in four chapters, as follows:Chapter I: Waste, energy and environment.This chapter presentedsome definitions andbasic conceptsrelated tomunicipal solid waste and its management systems,Biomass energy and technologies of energy recovery, the relationship between municipal solid wastes, energy and the environmentaland economic effects.Chapter II:Currentsituation of municipal solid waste and energy in Egypt.This chapter presented and discussedthe current situation of municipal solid waste in Egypt;its characteristics, management systems, legislative framework and economic and environmental impacts. It discussed alsothe current dsituation of non-renewable energy sources in Egypt (Oil, natural gasare the most important examples) as well as the current situation of renewable energy sources in Egypt (Hydro electric energy, solar energy, wind and biomass are the most important examples).It was concluded that:oThe present Egyptian Solid waste management systems don’t meet the need of various segments of community in terms of achieving an acceptable level of cleanliness, reducing health risks and negative environmental impacts and providing general civilian appearance. Egyptian solid waste management facing many problems and challenges.oEgypt faces deficiency in covering energy needs from fossil fuels.New and renewable energy contribution does not exceed 9% of the total electric power generated in Egypt through 2013/2014year.Chapter III: Some experiments in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste.This chapter displayedexperimentsof China, Bolivia and Greece in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste, their economic and environmental feasibility, and concluded some learned lessons.It also displayedand discussed the most important Egyptian projects in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste; these are the project of utilization of alternative fuel in the cement companies and the project of bio-energy for sustainable rural development. It identified the economic and environmental feasibility of these projects and clarified the learned lessons.It was concluded that:oThe reviewed International experimentsverified an economic and environmental feasibility of the electric energy generation technologies(incineration and anaerobic digestion)at specified control factors that providesupport and incentives. This result doesn’t mean success of the technologies if it is applied in Egypt but it indicates that these projects could be succeeded and achieveseconomic returns in Egypt ifthe same controland success factors are available. oAlthoughutilization of the alternative fuel in cement industry in Egypt contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides eemissions, the economic feasibility of these projects is weak due tomany reasons such as the highpriceof alternative fuel,absence of gate fees and the low pricesof natural gas.oAlthough many environmental benefits has been achieved fromthe implementation of the project of bio-energy for sustainable rural development and it is one of the most important solutions for energy criesespecially in many Egyptian villages that find many difficultto get their needs of butane tubes,the economic feasibility of this project is weak because it targets animal tenure at the rural level (household units) and the price of butane tube is low due to governmental subsidies.Chapter IV:The probableeconomic and environmental impacts of utilizationof municipalsolid waste in the electric power generation in Egypt.This chapter displayeda proposed scenario for Egypt to benefitfrom experiencesof the other countriesin the application of technologies of electric power generationfrom the municipal solid waste. It is also dealt with the probable economic and environmental impacts from the application of proposed scenario.This scenario included:oEstablishment of(10) plants of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste using incineration technology.oEstablishment of (27) plants of electrical energy generation fromthe markets waste using anaerobic digestion technology.oEstablishment of (10) plants of electrical energy generation from slaughterhouse waste and animal waste using anaerobic digestion technology.The following are expecteddirect and indirect economic and environmentalimpacts from scenarioapplication.A-Direct economic and environmental impacts: oThe average amount of municipal solid waste that can be processed in an environmentally safe mannerisabout (4.9) million tons/ year.This amount represents about23% of the total generated municipal solid waste through 2014 year. foThe average amount of methane gas expected tobeproduced isabout (98) million m3/ year.oThe average amount offertilizer materials expected to beproduced isabout (206.8) thousandstons / year.oThe average amount of electricity expected tobeproduced isabout (1,343) million k.w.h., itis equivalent to 0.8% of the total electrical energy generated in 2013/2014year. Itis almost equivalent to the proportion of new and renewable energiessources(solar and wind energy) that is about 0.9% of the total electrical energy generated in 2013/2014 year.oAverage amount of equivalent oil expected tobeproduced isabout (318.5)thousandstons of equivalent oil, which is equivalent to(320) thousands tons of crude oil or (286.7) thousands tons of equivalent natural gas.B-Indirect economic and environmental impacts:oThe amount of carbon dioxide emissions that couldavoidedarearound (439.2)thousandstons/ year which would have apositive impact on the phenomenon of climate change.oIncreasing the available foreign exchange amount through benefit fromthe proceeds of the clean development mechanismwasestimated at about (13.176) million US dollars.oProviding approximately (110.8) million US dollars of directed foreign exchange to import petroleum products.oproducing organic fertilizer that is enough to plant (517)thousands acres, which would positively affectsoil characteristics, decreaseheavymetalspercent generated from chemical fertilizers,protect publichealthas well as prevent water resources pollution with nitrates and heavy metals.o Contributing to the creation of new job opportunities,improving the living environment and providing a better environment for citizens .oR eduction of the amount of municipal solid waste by (4.9) million tons means saving allocated land for weatherstripping waste dumping causes subsequent land wasting. oReducing costs to the society to remove the effects resulting from the accumulation of waste and emissions of gases in addition to the costs of gtreatment and medications that can be provided , where the accumulation of waste constitute the largest source ofdiseasestransfer and spreading.Finally, the study recommended to benefit from other countries experiences in the field of power generation from municipal solid waste and to conduct further feasibility studies especially for Egyptian conditions

كلمات الباحثين

الاقتصاد, التنمية المستدامة, الطاقة

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

نفيسة سيد أبو السعود

الإعداد

محمد عطية محمد محمد

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية