القانون الواجب التطبيق على إلتزامات المصرف المراسِّـل في عقد الإعتماد المستَندي الدولي: دراسة مقارنة

الموضوعات

قانون

الملخص

يعد عقد الاعتماد المستندي الدولي أحد الوسائل المتاحة لتلبية متطلبات وحاجات التجارة الدولية، وما يؤديه عقد الاعتماد المستندي في توفير الضمان والوفاء الدوليين لأطرافه لا يمكن تحقيقه لولا تدخل المصارف الوسيطة، والتي يعبر عنها بالمصارف المصدرة، والتي يشكل دورها الجانب التنفيذي لعقد الاعتماد المستندي من خلال صدقها وقربها من المستفيد في عقد الاعتماد المستندي، والذي لا تتوفر لديه الثقة والاطمئنان في التعامل مع الطرف الآخر في العقد الدولي لولا تدخل المصرف المصدّر والقيام بالمهام التي يكلف بها من قبل المستفيد من خلال علاقة عقدية لا تخرج عن نطاق عقد الاعتماد المستندي الدولي. ومن ثم، فإن هذا الدور الذي يقوم به المصرف المصدّر وما يؤديه من التزامات تتقرر بموجب عقد الاعتماد المستندي وتوفر الصفة الأجنبية في عناصر هذا العقد يؤدي إلى اتصال أكثر من قانون يحكم العقد، ويجعل الأمر بصدد حالة تنازع بين عدد من القوانين، مما يقتضي الخوض في مناهج التنازع واستنباط القانون الأكثر صلة بالعقد الذي نحن بصدده، ألا وهو عقد الاعتماد المستندي الدولي. كذلك، استبيان صفة المركز القانوني للمصرف المصدّر بالقانون المختص بحكم عقد الاعتماد المستندي، فيما إذا كان ينطبق عليه أم يخضع لقانون آخر في ظل مناهج التنازع المطبقة، يحتم علينا قبل البحث في القانون الواجب التطبيق، الخوض في المناهج التي قررتها دراسات القانون الدولي الخاص، والوقوف على تفاصيل عقد الاعتماد المستندي، وتحديد ماهيته وأنواعه وطبيعته القانونية، وبيان خصائصه، وما إلى ذلك من المسائل التي يقتضيها الوقوف على القانون المختص بشأن التزامات المصرف المصدّر ومدى الخلافات التي تعرضت لها مسائل هذا العقد لدى الفقه، وموقف التشريعات المقارنة والمحاكم بشأنها.

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

0f761ee3-9c70-41d3-8973-1b49020832cd

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

998393_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

The Law Applicable on The Obligations of Bank Correspondent in International Contract of Documentary Credit

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

القانون الواجب التطبيق على إلتزامات المصرف المراسِّـل في عقد الإعتماد المستَندي الدولي: دراسة مقارنة

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

In this study was dedicated to show the law that must be applicable on commitments of Correspondent Bank in international Documentary Credit contract along reliable methods of international private law studies followed in Resolving conflict and clarifying the attitude of comparative legislations in addition to European Convention on the Law Applicable on contractual commitments and rules and customs for Documentary Credits . Therefore this study consisted three chapters preceded by introduction and followed by Conclusion included most important results of the researcher and recommendations which we consider necessary , where the first chapter had been dedicated to explain international Documentary Creditcontract then the effect of Correspondent Bank legal position to conflict , by explain of concept of Documentary Credit and explain his legal nature and shows theories which discussed this matter then regard it as (one of Named Banking Contract ) then mention legal effects of Documentary Credit, And then clarify the legal position of the Bank Correspondent and its obligations which its role in that contract that is very important for achieving requirements of international trading as an international way for payment and credit ,as being an international contract and because of relation with Correspondent Bank the problem of international conflict of laws needs solution which require search in The approved curriculum in private international law studies . These curriculums are classify to two kinds direct methods and indirect or classic methods,so The second chapter is devoted to discuss the rules of assigning which determined by legislations then to study its role in solution of conflict of laws ,So was allocated the second chapter to discuss the regulations set forth in the various legislation and its role in solving the conflict of laws ,we find in the will, paramount importance in determining the applicable law on obligations of Correspondent Bank whether expressed explicitly or implicitly , also this standard in spite of its importance in determining the applicable law on Documentary Credit, There are difficulties facing use it in this contract, which is due to the nature of this standard or including what is due to the nature of Documentary Credit contract and relevant with the Correspondent Bank in its implementation .This study also found that Documentary Credit because of the multiplicity of its parties and the importance of the legal status of banks which intervening in its implementation may be in front of the multiplicity applicable of laws .Also, this study shed light on some of the rules adopted by some of the legislations , which include the usage of rules of assigning lead to the selection of the more associating law with the contractual relationship and is what known as the standard of characteristic performance ,and position Jurisprudence of it and the importance of this criterion in Documentary Credit where characteristic performance be as a realistic standard in determination the applicable law, based on the application of law of the State which the characteristic performance in Streptococcus relationship had do in it , away from speculation and assumptions in the circumstances where the judge is in confront the lack of explicit choice of the law of contract by the parties ,and the study had found that criterion of the common residence is from the criteria could not be applied to the obligations of the correspondent bank or the Documentary Credit in cases which there is no choice by the parties to the applicable law , and this is what requires usage of the place of conclusion of the contract as alternative rules of assigning which easily applied if the contract is empty from the statement of the applicable law, and this criterion Considered as a rigid and not flexible standards may lead to apply the law have been without real relation to the International contract .Therefore researcher invite the Iraqi legislature to amend Article(25)of the Iraqi civil law to adopt a more flexible standards such characteristic performance .Also this study found that the contract of Documentary Credit faces the jurisdiction of the other two Curricula among private international law curricula are application of the relevant law directly applicable on the relationships of this contract , these two curriculum are the necessary application rules and the substantive rules in international trade contracts, which were axis of the third chapter . In this study have been proven that subordination of Documentary Credit and Correspondent Bank obligations to necessary application rules direct applicability to legal relations that fall within the scope of its application whether they are part of the legal system of the State of judge or law of another State which indirect rules of assigning in state of judge refers to its application.Also, the international adjective of Documentary Credit and its importance in field of international trade makes it in facing of The substantive rules in international trade contracts that have been adopted to regulate international trade relations directly whether from legislative or customary sources , this matter necessitating subordination of Documentary Credit contracts to those rules and customs which Dedicated to organizing Documentary Credits, which has become one of the most commonly used international norms and the most widespread because of ICC has revised and published those costumes in the form of successive versions were the last in 2007.The application of these rules must be as determined by the substantive rules of international trade approach, as this study explained and discussed it in the second section of the third chapter, this study reached to an important fact that it is obviously the integration of curriculum in private international law and its impact on subjecting the Bank Correspondent obligations in the contract international Documentary Credit to the most relevant law in order to achieve justice envisaged for the parties of international contract

كلمات الباحثين

عقد الاعتماد المستندي الدولي، المصرف المصدّر، الالتزامات، النزاعات القانونية، القانون الدولي الخاص، ضمان الدفع

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

فراس كريم شيعان

الإعداد

علي عبد الحسين عبد العظيم الياسري

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية