الحماية الدولية للبيئة من ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري: في اتفاقية تغير المناخ لسنة 1992

الموضوعات

قانون

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

0cd667fb-d69b-41f7-abe3-1924e27be80e

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

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بيانات النشر

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

الحماية الدولية للبيئة من ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري: في اتفاقية تغير المناخ لسنة 1992

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

The chemical composition of the atmosphere has been quite stable For the past 600 million years. But there is real concern that by the middle or the end of the next century human activities will have changed the chemical composition of the atmosphere, that caused increase in the average temperature of the earth and shifts in world –wide weather patterns, and the condition that have allowed life toThrive on earth. Other..Unforeseen effects cannot be ruled out. At the Rio earth summit in 1992,the international community began constructing a global regime to deal with the risk of climate changes. By adopting The United Nations framework convention on climate changes on 9/may/1992 as one of recent agreement through which countries around the world are bound together to meet this challenge. The negotiation toward reducing the threat of global warming, are proceeding along two step process: the negotiation of framework convention on climate change, laying out basic principles and guidelines for action, followed by the regular meetings of the parties, with the expecting that protocols will emerge, that strengthen the initial agreement. The task is recognized as notoriously complex and difficult. The complexity arises in part from the uncertainty that surrounds the scientific understanding of climate change. But the convention promotes action in spite of uncertainty, on the basis of recent development in international law (precautionary principle). Under which activities that threaten serious rreversible damage can be restricted or even prohibited before there is absolute scientific certainty about its effects. The convention also recognized that developing states have a right to economic development and encourages the parties to cooperate and share technology, enabling them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially from energy, transport, industry, and agriculture. Because the largest historical and current emissions originate in developed countries, the convention placed the lion’s share of the responsibility for combating climate change on wealthy nations. When they adopted the Convention, governments knew that its commitments would not be sufficient to seriously tackle climate change. At COP 1 (Berlin, March/April 1995), therefore, in a decision known as the Berlin Mandate, Parties launched a new round of talks to establish stronger and more detailed commitments for industrialized countries. After two and a half years of intense negotiations, governments took a further step forward and adopted the landmark Kyoto Protocol on December 11, 1997. Building on the framework of the Convention, the Kyoto Protocol broke new ground with its legally binding constraints on greenhouse gas emissions and innovative “mechanisms” aimed at cutting the cost of curbing emissions. One of the most controversial and complex issues in climate change negotiations was the extent to which industrialized countries would be allowed to meet their own obligations by financing or undertaking activities implemented in other countries.

كلمات الباحثين

الاحتباس الحراري - الحماية الدولية - البيئة

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

رشيد مجيد الربيعي

الإعداد

سلافة طارق عبد الكريم الشعلان

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية