الإدارة والقضاء والجيش في مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية 492-583هـ / 1099-1187م

الموضوعات

تاريخ

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

0b92fd14-09bd-42f0-8b0c-c5333e05f244

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

1959422_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

Management, Judicature and Army in Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem 492-583 A.H \1099-1187 A.D

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

Arabic

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

الإدارة والقضاء والجيش في مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية 492-583هـ / 1099-1187م

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

ترجمة الملخص

The Crusades are considered one episode of the East-West conflict in the Middle Ages and one of the European West attempts to colonize the Arabic and Islamic lands. The first spark of these wars started with the cry of the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus (474-512 AH / 1081-1118 AD) for the Pope's help against the influence of the Seljuk Turks in his territory. So, the Pope Urban II supported him and declared the idea of the Holy Wars against Muslims at Clermont Canon Conference in 488 AH / 1096 AD. The call received great response from the members of the Conference and the European West in general. The first crusade came out of religion as a slogan to hide its objectives and plans to seize the Holy Land and to drain its economic resources. This campaign included huge crowds divided into two groups. The first one included the general public and the poor, and the second included the Crusader elements organized by some European leaders, who arrived in Constantinople where there was a friction between them and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople, crossing the Bosphorus by the Crusader Armies strait to Asia Minor, their ability to seize the city of Nicaea, capital of the Seljuks of the Roman, and defeating the Seljuk Turks and occupying all the territories taken from the Byzantine Empire and return them according to the Convention of Constantinople. After that, the campaign continued its way to the Levant, and it was able to occupy many cities and achieve its objectives by establishing entities in the East. These entities consisted of three emirates: Osroene, Antioch, Tripoli, and a kingdom in Palestine, which was called the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after the first Crusade had succeeded in occupying Jerusalem in 493 AH / 1099 AD. These entities were destined to remain in the East for nearly two centuries.In fact, the Crusaders did not have any prior ideas about the form of government, administrative, and judicial organization that would be implemented in the occupied territories before the seizure of the city of Jerusalem and committing a terrible massacre against its safe people and settling in the East. This led to a dispute over this matter after the occupation of Jerusalem between the secular group represented by the leaders of thefirst Crusade, who succeeded in their efforts and their swords in the victory that brought them to this stage, and between the clergy who dreamed of the establishment of a theocratic religious state governed by a religious figure in the Holy Land.According to the different effects of the Crusades in the history of many nations and the consequent significant results, they were taken care of by historians in the East and the West alike. This is why many books have been published studying the history of the Crusades, dealing with the Crusades on the East, and talked a lot about them. In spite of the great number of research papers and works written about them dealing with important topics, issues, and events, they did not cover all their stages and did not show all their secrets. Hence, the Crusades are still an important field and fertile ground for researchers to shed more light on many aspects.Accordingly, the administration and judiciary aspects in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem were chosen to shed light on the system of governance and administration followed by the Crusaders in their kingdom, the results of the conflict between the secular and the clergy, and the elaborating on the judicial system and the development that was dissolved in its institutions over time.The research also touched upon the army of this kingdom, which is the main reason for its existence, expansion, and defense. Therefore, this study came under the title "The Administration, Judiciary, and Army in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem493-583 AH / 1099-1187 AD"; that is since occupying the city of Jerusalem by the Crusaders until 583 AH / 1187 AD, and it is the year in which the Muslims led by Saladin were able to liberate it after the Battle of Hattin and to reduce the Kingdom's area to the coastal cities of the Levant, after extending to the natural lands of Palestine and Lebanon with parts of Jordan, Syria, and Sinai.

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

وفاء جوني

الإعداد

عامر عادل ونوس

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية