Treatment of Permanent Water Hardness by Addition of Sodium Bicarbonate and Boiling: A Case Study of Wells Water of International University of Africa, Sudan

الموضوعات

علوم تطبيقية وتكنولوجية

الملخص

Hard water has high mineral content, which is form when water percolates through deposits of calcium and magnesium containing minerals such as limestone, chalk and dolomite. Hard water can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers and other equipment that handle water. The aim of this study is the treatment of permanent water hardness in three water samples collected from three wells located in the campus of international university of Africa. Three samples A,B and C were analyzed for total hardness by EDTA titration before and after addition of sodium bicarbonate and boiling; pH, TDS, EC by conductivity meter and pH meter; chloride by argentometric; sodium, potassium ions by flame photometer; ferrous, calcium and magnesium by AAS. The result obtained showed that the pH for sample A, B and C were 7.73, 7.72 and 7.8 while the TDS were 225.4, 298.2 and 256.2 mg/l consecutively. EC found to be 322, 426 and 366µs/cm for sample A, B and C consecutively. Chloride concentration found to be 22.72,25.56 and 24.14 mg/L in sample A, B and C while potassium were 4.1, 5.3 and 5.5 mg/L also sodium were 79, 142 and 156 mg/L consecutively. The concentration of calcium in sample A, B and C were found to be 43, 26 and 30 mg/L also the concentration of magnesium were 30, 20 and 31 mg/L consecutively while ferrous found to be nil in the three samples. The result obtained showed that the total hardness before treatment were 320, 258 and 370 ppm for A, B and C sample consecutively where were very hard; after treatment with boiling total hardness were removed by 290, 174 and 228 ppm for A, B and C sample consecutively. Each sample treated five times with different concentration of sodium bicarbonate (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %w/v) for removal of hardness; the result showed total removal of hardness from sample A and B where the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 25% w/v while for sample C removed by 114 ppm in the same concentration. The study is not recommends the use of sodium bicarbonate in different concentrations for removal of water hardness because it change the properties and quality of water for drinking.

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

073cb4b4-cfa8-4c9d-b995-b6b9317b6aa1

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

72533_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

معالجة عسر الماء الدائم بإضافة بيكربونات الصوديوم والغليان: دراسة حالة المياه الجوفية من جامعة إفريقيا العالمية

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

English

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

Treatment of Permanent Water Hardness by Addition of Sodium Bicarbonate and Boiling: A Case Study of Wells Water of International University of Africa, Sudan

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

أبو بكر خيضر زيادة, محمد عثمان بابكر

الإعداد

محمد عبدالوهاب علي قسم الله

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية